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Lucky Luke

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Template:Short description Template:Italics Template:Other uses Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox comics meta series

Lucky Luke is a Western comic album series created by Belgian cartoonist Morris in 1946. Morris wrote and drew the series single-handedly until 1955, after which he started collaborating with French writer René Goscinny. Their partnership lasted until Goscinny's death in 1977. Afterwards, Morris collaborated with several other writers until his own death in 2001. Since Morris's death, French artist Achdé has drawn the series, scripted by several successive writers.

The series takes place in the American Old West of the United States. It stars the titular Lucky Luke, a street-smart gunslinger known as the "man who shoots faster than his shadow", and his intelligent horse Jolly Jumper. Lucky Luke is pitted against various villains, either fictional or inspired by American history or folklore. The most famous of these are the Dalton Brothers, loosely based on the Dalton Gang of the early 1890s and claimed to be their cousins. The stories are filled with humorous elements parodying the Western genre.

Lucky Luke is one of the best-known and best-selling comics series in Europe. It has been translated into 30 languages. 82 albums have appeared in the series as of 2022, and 3 special editions/homages, at first published by Dupuis. From 1968 to 1998 they were published by Dargaud and then by Lucky Productions. Since 2000 they have been published by Lucky Comics. Each story was first serialized in a magazine: in Spirou from 1946 to 1967, in Pilote from 1968 to 1973, in Lucky Luke in 1974–75, in the French edition of Tintin in 1975–76, and in various other magazines since.

The series has also had adaptations in other media, such as animated films and television series, live-action films, video games, toys, and board games. As of 2022, all 82 books in the series' regular albums are available in English.

Publication history

File:Morris-Luckyluke1.jpg
First appearance of Lucky Luke and Jolly Jumper in Arizona 1880 (1946)

Simultaneously a tribute to the mythic Old West and an affectionate parody, the comics were created by Belgian artist Morris, who drew Lucky Luke from 1946 until his death in 2001. The first Lucky Luke adventure, Arizona 1880, appeared in the French version of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Spirou in October 1946.[1] It later appeared in the Almanach issue of Spirou on 7 December 1946.[2]

After several years of writing the strip himself, Morris began a collaboration with René Goscinny. He was the series writer during what is considered its golden age, starting with the story Template:Lang, published on 25 August 1955 in Spirou, until his death in 1977 (with the exception of Template:Lang).[3] Ending a long run of serial publications in Spirou, the series was shifted to Goscinny's Pilote magazine in 1967 with the story Template:Lang. Later it was taken to Dargaud publisher.

After the death of Goscinny in 1977, several writers succeeded him: including Raymond "Vicq" Antoine, Bob de Groot, Jean Léturgie and Lo Hartog van Banda. At the 1993 Angoulême International Comics Festival, Lucky Luke was given an honorary exhibition.[4]

After Morris' death in 2001, French artist Achdé continued drawing new Lucky Luke stories in collaboration with writers Laurent Gerra, Daniel Pennac and Tonino Benacquista. Since 2016, new albums are scripted by writer Jul.

Lucky Luke comics have been translated into: Afrikaans, Arabic, Bengali, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Turkish, Vietnamese, Welsh and Bulgarian.

Stories

Overview

Although always described as a cowboy, Luke generally acts as a righter of wrongs or bodyguard of some sort, where he excels thanks to his on-hand resourcefulness and incredible gun prowess. A recurring task is that of capturing the bumbling but menacing gangsters the Dalton brothers, Joe, William, Jack and Averell. He rides Jolly Jumper, "the smartest horse in the world" and is often accompanied by prison guard dog Rin Tin Can, "the stupidest dog in the universe", a spoof of Rin Tin Tin.

Luke meets many historical Western figures such as Calamity Jane,[5] Billy the Kid, Judge Roy Bean and Jesse James's gang, and takes part in events such as the guarding of Wells Fargo stagecoaches, the Pony Express, the building of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, the Rush into the Unassigned Lands of Oklahoma, the building of the Statue of liberty, and a tour by French actress Sarah Bernhardt. Some of the books feature a one-page article on the background to the events featured. Goscinny once said that he and Morris tried to base the Lucky Luke adventures on real events whenever possible, but that they would not let the facts get in the way of a funny story.

The Dalton gang

The chronology of the albums is deliberately murky, and in most albums no particular year is given. The villains and incidental characters based on real persons lived over most of the mid-to-late-19th century. For example, in the album Daily Star, Lucky Luke meets a young Horace Greeley, prior to his moving to New York in 1831. Judge Roy Bean, who was appointed judge in 1882, appears in another album, and in another album yet, Lucky Luke takes part in the 1892 Coffeyville shootout against the Dalton gang. Lucky Luke himself appears unchanged in all stories.

Except in the first few stories, where he shoots and kills Mad Jim and the old Dalton brothers gang in Coffeyville, Luke is never seen to kill anyone, preferring to disarm people by simply shooting weapons out of their hands.

Phil Defer was killed in the first publication in Le Moustique, but in the later album collection, this was changed into a debilitating shoulder wound.

In the final panel of each story, except the earliest, Lucky Luke rides off alone on Jolly Jumper into the sunset, singing (in English) "I'm a poor lonesome cowboy, and a long way from home...". Luke first said this line in 1949 and it became a tradition afterwards. The song itself is based on a real life cowboy song, collected by John Lomax in Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads. [6]

Historical figures who have appeared in Lucky Luke

Template:Columns-list

Smoking controversy

File:Lucky Luke-100x100.png
Lucky Luke's cigarette was replaced with a wisp of straw in 1983.

Morris, who had been criticized over Lucky Luke's cigarette for a long time, answered his critics: "the cigarette is part of the character's profile, just like the pipe of Popeye or Maigret".[7] It is claimed that Morris was forced to remove the cigarettes Lucky Luke smokes from his strip and Lucky Luke who "used to be a heavy smoker", had to give up smoking for "commercial reasons", apparently to "gain access to the American market".[8][9][10]

Morris received an award from the World Health Organization in 1988 for replacing Luke's omnipresent cigarette with a wisp of straw in the story Fingers (1983).[8][11][12] In the 2007 animated film Tous à l'Ouest: Une aventure de Lucky Luke, Lucky Luke is seen using what appears to be a nicotine patch and mentions that before that he had to "chew on a piece of straw for a while" right after he quit smoking. In the 1994 story Le Pont sur le Mississippi (The Bridge Over the Mississippi), he is seen rolling a cigarette again, although he claims it was just to hide his boredom. And in Sarah Bernhardt (1982), when Bernhardt's cook lights a fire to make a cake, despite Luke's strict orders not to, Luke is seen rolling a cigarette in an irate mood. He then strikes a match, only for it to be blown out by Jolly Jumper, who reminds him of his own "no fire" orders.

Spin-off series

A spin-off series called Rantanplan and starring Luke's dimwitted canine sidekick began in 1987. It has been written over the years by several successive teams of writers and artists. The character also got a 76-episode animated television series in 2006.

A second spin-off series called Kid Lucky was created in 1995, aimed at attracting a younger readership. This starred Luke as a little boy, a format that had been very popular with Spirou. Two albums starring this version of the character were released as part of the main series: Kid Lucky and Oklahoma Jim. These were credited to veteran writer Jean Léturgie and unknown artist Pearce, who was later revealed to be a joint pen name for Yann Lepennetier and Didier Conrad. The series was scrapped due to poor sales and the two albums removed from the official list of Lucky Luke albums. The series was however re-launched in 2011 as Les aventures de Kid Lucky d'après Morris, with Achdé now solely in charge of it. To date, Achdé has written four Kid Lucky albums, L'apprenti Cow-boy, Lasso périlleux, Statue Squaw and Suivez la flèche, released in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017, respectively. In June 2020, It was announced Kid Lucky will be adapted into an animated series.[13]

Collected editions

Template:See also

By Morris (1949–1958)

Dupuis Publishing

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

By Morris & Goscinny (1955–1977)

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

Dupuis Publishing

Template:Col-break

Dargaud Publishing

Between Le Fil qui chante and La Corde du pendu is La Ballade des Dalton, 1978 (The Daltons' Ballad or The Ballad of the Daltons), an adaptation from the animated film.

Template:Col-end

By Morris and various writers (1980–2002)

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

Dargaud Publishing

  • 47. Le Magot des Dalton, 1980, by Vicq (The Daltons' Stash or The Daltons' Loot)
  • 48. Le Bandit manchot, 1981, by Bob de Groot (The One-Armed Bandit)
  • 49. Sarah Bernhardt, 1982, by Jean Léturgie and Xavier Fauche
  • 52. Fingers, 1983, by Lo Hartog Van Banda
  • 53. Le Daily Star, 1983, by Jean Léturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Daily Star)
  • 54. La Fiancée de Lucky Luke, 1985, by Guy Vidal (Bride of Lucky Luke or Lucky Luke's Fiancee)
  • 56. Le Ranch maudit, 1986, by Jean Léturgie, Xavier Fauche and Claude Guylouis (The Cursed Ranch)
  • 57. Nitroglycérine, 1987, by Lo Hartog Van Banda (Nitroglycerine)
  • 58. L'Alibi, 1987, by Claude Guylouis (The Alibi)
  • 59. Le Pony Express, 1988, by Jean Léturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Pony Express)

Template:Col-break

Lucky Productions

  • 60. L'Amnésie des Dalton, 1991, by Jean Léturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Daltons' Amnesia)
  • 61. Chasse aux fantômes, 1992, by Lo Hartog Van Banda (Ghost Hunt)
  • 62. Les Dalton à la noce, 1993, by Jean Léturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Wedding Crashers)
  • 63. Le Pont sur le Mississippi, 1994, by Jean Léturgie and Xavier Fauche (The Bridge on the Mississippi or Bridge Over the Mississippi)
  • 64. Kid Lucky, 1995, by Pearce and Jean Léturgie
  • 65. Belle Star, 1995, by Xavier Fauche
  • 66. Le Klondike, 1996, by Yann and Jean Léturgie (The Klondike)
  • 67. O.K. Corral, 1997, by Eric Adam and Xavier Fauche
  • 68. Oklahoma Jim, 1997, by Pearce and Jean Léturgie
  • 69. Marcel Dalton, 1998, by Bob de Groot

Lucky Comics

  • 70. Le Prophète, 2000, by Patrick Nordmann (The Prophet)
  • 71. L'Artiste peintre, 2001, by Bob de Groot (The Painter or The Artist)
  • 72. La Légende de l'Ouest, 2002, by Patrick Nordmann (Legends of the West)

Template:Col-end

By Achdé and various writers (since 2004)

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

Lucky Comics

  • 73. La Belle Province, 2004, by Laurent Gerra (The Beautiful Province)
  • 74. La Corde au cou, 2006, by Laurent Gerra (Tying the Knot or From the Gallows to the Altar)
  • 75. L'Homme de Washington, 2008, by Laurent Gerra (The Man from Washington)
  • 76. Lucky Luke contre Pinkerton, 2010, by Daniel Pennac and Tonino Benacquista (Lucky Luke versus The Pinkertons)
  • 77. Cavalier seul, 2012, by Daniel Pennac and Tonino Benacquista (Lone Riders)
  • 78. Les tontons Dalton, 2014, by Laurent Gerra and Jacques Pessis (The Dalton Uncles)
  • 79. La Terre promise, 2016, by Jul (The Promised Land)
  • 80. Un cow-boy à Paris, 2018, by Jul (Cowboy in Paris)
  • 81. Un cow-boy dans le Coton, 2020, by Jul (A Cowboy in High Cotton)
  • 82. L'Arche de Rantanplan, 2022, by Jul (Rintincan's Ark)
  • 83. Template:Lang, 2024, by Jul (A cowboy under Pressure)

Template:Col-break

Kid Lucky spin-off

  1. Template:Lang, 2011 (Cowboy in Training)
  2. Template:Lang, 2013 (The Dangerous Lasso)
  3. Statue Squaw, 2015
  4. Template:Lang, 2017 (Follow the Arrow)
  5. Template:Lang, 2019 (Kid or Double)

Special editions and homages

  • Template:Lang, 2016, by Matthieu Bonhomme (The Man Who Shot Lucky Luke)[14]
  • Template:Lang, 2017, by Guillaume Bouzard (Jolly Jumper Stops Responding)
  • Template:Lang, 2019, by Mawil (Lucky Luke Saddles Up)
  • Lucky Luke: Wanted, 2021, by Matthieu Bonhomme (Wanted Lucky Luke)
  • Template:Lang, 2021, by Ralf König (Swiss Bliss).
  • Template:Lang, 2023, by Blutch (Untamed).

Template:Col-end

English translations

Apart from the collections mentioned below, Lucky Luke comics were published in British comic book magazines such as Film Fun Comic or Giggle (in 1967). The Giggle version had Luke's name changed to "Buck Bingo".[15]

Brockhampton Press Ltd, Leicester, began publishing the books in hardcover and softcover, with six titles from 1972 to 1974, translated by Frederick W Nolan. Brockhampton became part of Hodder & Stoughton Ltd in 1976, and under their children's imprint, Knight Books, Hodder published mini-sized paperback editions of the first six books, in 1976 to 1977. In 1980 and 1982, Hodder & Stoughton published three new titles as Hodder Dargaud, as well as reprints of the previous six.

Cinebook Ltd have been publishing English language translations of Lucky Luke in softcover album format since 2006. One new volume is released every two months. In India only, Euro Books, a division of Euro Kids International Ltd. published English versions of 24 Lucky Luke titles in 2009.

In 2019, Cinebook began releasing a hardcover collection of Lucky Luke, published in chronological order featuring three to four original albums per volume together with a vast amount of extras included, titled Lucky Luke – The Complete Collection.

Cinebook also published translations of the two Matthieu Bonhomme homages: Wanted Lucky Luke (2016) and The Man Who Shot Lucky Luke (2021). Untamed by Blutch was published in 2024.

List of single albums in English

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break Brockhampton Press (UK)

Knight Books (UK)

Hodder Dargaud (UK)

Dargaud USA and Canada

Fantasy Flight (US)

Ravette Books (UK)

  • The Dalton Brothers Memory Game, 1991

Glo'worm (UK)

Template:Col-break Cinebook Ltd

  1. Billy The Kid, 2006,
  2. Ghost Town, 2006,
  3. Dalton City, 2006,
  4. Jesse James, 2006,
  5. In the Shadow of the Derricks, 2007,
  6. Ma Dalton, 2007,
  7. Barbed Wire on the Prairie, 2007,
  8. Calamity Jane, 2007,
  9. The Wagon Train, 2008,
  10. Tortillas for the Daltons, 2008,
  11. Western Circus, 2008,
  12. The Rivals of Painful Gulch, 2008,
  13. The Tenderfoot, 2008,
  14. The Dashing White Cowboy, 2008,
  15. The Daltons in the Blizzard, 2009,
  16. The Black Hills, 2009,
  17. Apache Canyon, 2009,
  18. The Escort, 2009,
  19. On the Daltons' Trail, 2009,
  20. The Oklahoma Land Rush, 2009,
  21. The 20th Cavalry, 2010,
  22. Emperor Smith, 2010,
  23. A Cure for the Daltons, 2010,
  24. The Judge, 2010,
  25. The Stagecoach, 2010,
  26. The Bounty Hunter, 2010,
  27. Lucky Luke versus Joss Jamon, 2011,
  28. The Dalton Cousins, 2011,
  29. The Grand Duke, 2011,
  30. The Daltons' Escape, 2011,
  31. Lucky Luke versus the Pinkertons, 2011,
  32. Rails on the Prairie, 2011,
  33. The One-Armed Bandit, 2012,
  34. The Daltons Always On The Run, 2012,
  35. The Singing Wire, 2012,
  36. The Daltons Redeem Themselves, 2012,
  37. Fingers, 2012,
  38. Doc Doxey's Elixir, 2012,
  39. The Man from Washington, 2013,
  40. Phil Wire, 2013,
  41. The Daily Star, 2013,
  42. Lone Riders, 2013,
  43. The Bluefeet are coming!, 2013,
  44. Lucky Luke versus Pat Poker, 2013,
  45. Tying the Knot, 2014,
  46. The Pony Express, 2014,
  47. Outlaws, 2014,
  48. Dick Digger's Gold Mine, 2014,
  49. The Daltons' Amnesia, 2014,
  50. Seven Stories, 2014,
  51. The Painter, 2015,
  52. The Beautiful Province, 2015,
  53. Nitroglycerin, 2015,
  54. Rodeo, 2015,
  55. Arizona, 2015,
  56. Under a Western Sky, 2015,
  57. Legends of the West, 2016,
  58. The Daltons' Stash, 2016,
  59. Bride of Lucky Luke, 2016,
  60. The Ballad of the Daltons and other stories, 2016,
  61. Daisy Town, 2016,
  62. The Cursed Ranch, 2016,
  63. Sarah Bernhardt, 2017,
  64. The Wedding Crashers, 2017,
  65. Ghost Hunt, 2017,
  66. The Promised Land, 2017,
  67. Belle Starr, 2018,
  68. Bridge Over the Mississippi, 2018,
  69. Kid Lucky, 2018,
  70. The O.K. Corral, 2018,
  71. A Cowboy in Paris, 2018,
  72. Marcel Dalton,[16] 2019,
  73. The Prophet,[17] 2019,
  74. The Klondike,[18] 2020,
  75. Rin Tin Can's Inheritance,[19] 2020,
  76. Oklahoma Jim,[20] 2020,
  77. A Cowboy in High Cotton,[21] 2020,
  78. The Dalton Uncles,[22] 2021,
  79. Steaming up the Mississippi, 2021,
  80. The Alibi, 2021,
  81. The Hanged Man's Rope and Other Stories, 2022,
  82. Rin Tin Can's Ark, 2022,

Template:Col-break Eurokids (India)

  1. The Alibi, 2009,
  2. Ghost Hunt, 2009,
  3. Kid Lucky, 2009,
  4. Oklahoma Jim, 2009,
  5. The Prophet, 2009,
  6. Belle Star, 2009,
  7. The Klondike, 2009,
  8. The Pony Express, 2009,
  9. Sarah Bernardt, 2009,
  10. The bridge on the Mississippi, 2009,
  11. The Hanged Man's Rope and other stories, 2009,
  12. The Ballad of the Daltons and other stories, 2009,
  13. Daisy Town, 2009,
  14. Fingers, 2009,
  15. Marcel Dalton, 2009,
  16. The Artist, 2009,
  17. The legend of the west, 2009,
  18. The Daily Star, 2009,
  19. Lucky Luke's fiancé, 2009,
  20. Nitroglycerine, 2009,
  21. The Cursed Ranch, 2009,
  22. The Beautiful Province, 2009,
  23. From the Gallows to the Altar, 2009,
  24. The Dalton's Loot, 2009,

Template:Col-end

Europe Comics

  1. The Man Who Shot Lucky Luke, 2016
  2. Cowboy in Training, 2017
  3. Dangerous Lasso, 2017
  4. Statue Squaw, 2017
  5. Follow the Arrow, 2019

In other media

File:LuckyLukeTerenceHillMovieFrenchDVDCover.jpg
DVD cover for the live-action film Lucky Luke, directed by and starring Italian actor Terence Hill

Films

Animation

Live-action

There are a number of feature adaptations from various countries, including:

Television

In 1983, Hanna-Barbera Productions, France 3, Gaumont Film Company, Extrafilm Berlin and Morris collaborated to produce the animated TV series Lucky Luke, which ran for 26 episodes and was based on original album stories. The series' main voice actors were William Callaway as Lucky Luke, Robert Ridgely as Jolly Jumper, Paul Reubens as Bushwack, Frank Welker as Joe Dalton, Rick Dees as Jack Dalton, Fred Travalena as William Dalton, Bob Holt as Averell Dalton, and Mitzi McCall as Ma Dalton. Additional voices were provided by Peter Cullen, Pat Fraley, Barbara Goodson, and Mona Marshall.

In 1990, a new animated series of 26 episodes was produced by IDDH, with the collaboration of Morris, based on album stories not adapted in the prior series.

The 1992 live-action Italian television series, Lucky Luke, also known as The Adventures of Lucky Luke, was based on the films of the previous year and again starred Terence Hill.

In 2001, Xilam produced the 52-episode animated series Template:Lang (The New Adventures of Lucky Luke). It was made available on an eight-disc DVD set with French and English audio tracks. This series also featured Colonel Custer, who is an Indian-hater and a dwarf in this incarnation. Unlike the two earlier animated series, this series featured original stories.

Xilam produced two further animated series involving Lucky Luke: Rintindumb (2006) and Template:Illm (2010).

Mediatoon Distribution produced Kid Lucky in 2020.[24]

Video games

Lucky Luke video games have been released for many platforms, most of them by Infogrames for the European market.[25] Only Game Boy Color and PlayStation versions were released in North America.

A Lucky Luke game was developed for mobile phones by The Mighty Troglodytes. Lucky Luke: Go West was released in Europe for Windows, Wii, and Nintendo DS in late 2007.

In 2013, French publishers Dupuis and Anuman Interactive announced the development of a new Time Management game: Lucky Luke: Transcontinental Railroad (set in the 1860s) for Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android.[26]

  • Lucky Luke – Tiger Handheld – 1984
  • Lucky Luke: Nitroglycerine – Coktel Vision, C64, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, MS-DOS, Thomson TO – 1987[27][28][29][30][31]
  • Lucky Luke: The Video Game – Philips Interactive, Philips CD-i – 1996[32]
  • Lucky Luke – Infogrames, Game Boy (Europe only) – 1996 and Game Boy Color – May 1999
  • Lucky Luke – SNES, MS-DOS, and Windows (Europe only) – October 1997
  • Lucky Luke – Infogrames, PlayStation – 1998 and Windows (Europe only) – 2000 as Lucky Luke: On the Dalton's Trail
  • Lucky Luke: Desperado Train – Game Boy Color (Europe Only) – 2000 (Infogrames)
  • Lucky Luke: Western Fever – Windows and PlayStation (Europe only) – 2001
  • Lucky Luke: Wanted! – Game Boy Advance (Europe only) – 11 February 2001 (Infogrames)
  • Go West! A Lucky Luke Adventure – DS, Windows, Wii – 2007

Tributes

Lucky Luke statue in Middelkerke

In the Belgian Comic Strip Center in Brussels, the permanent exhibition pays homage to the pioneers of Belgian comics, with Morris being among them. In the room dedicated to his work, the entry has saloon doors and Luke's shadow can be seen on the floor and on the wall.[33]

In 1992, as part of Brussels' Comic Book Route, a wall in the Rue de la Buandrie/ Washuisstraat in Brussels was dedicated to Lucky Luke.[34] It was designed by D. Vandegeerde and G. Oreopoulos.

Since 2007, the Rue des Pierres/ Steenstraat in Brussels has a commemorative plaque with the name Template:Lang / Template:Lang placed under the actual street sign.[35]

In Charleroi, Belgium, a statue of Lucky Luke can be seen in Astrid Park. The nearby Charleroi Metro station Parc is also decorated with scenes of Lucky Luke.[36]Template:Unreliable source?

In 2000, statues of Lucky Luke, Ratanplan and Joe Dalton were erected in the Template:Lang, Middelkerke, Belgium. They were designed by Luc Madou.[37]

In 1993, French rapper MC Solaar released his song Template:Lang with references to Lucky Luke and the Daltons.

Lucky Luke is also referenced in the 2010 Obsidian Entertainment-developed and Bethesda Softworks-published video game Fallout: New Vegas. Posters appear in the game, as well as in some loading screens, stating "There's a new sheriff in town and he's looking for deputies ... Become a part of the human dignity bloc". Accompanying this text is an image of a frontier-era sheriff doing a finger gun motion with both hands. Aside from the star-shaped sheriff badge he wears, the sheriff is dressed identically to Lucky Luke, sporting his trademark white hat, yellow shirt, black vest, and red bandana tied around his neck.

In 2015, Danish reggaeton band Camilo & Grande released a single titled "Lucky Luke", in which they liken their lives to that of Lucky Luke.[38]

In 2022, the Belgian government included a tribute to Lucky Luke in the visa pages of its newly redesigned passport. It features a blank silhouette of Luke and Jolly Jumper in Monument Valley, with the full detail of the characters being revealed under UV light.[39]

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Refbegin

Template:Refend

Further reading

  • Lefèvre, Pascal. 1998. "Lucky Luke, a 'lonesome cowboy' for more than half a century. In The Low Countries, 1998–1999". In The Low Countries: Arts and Society in Flanders and the Netherlands: A Yearbook, 1998-99. Stichting Ons Erfdeel.

External links

Template:Commons category Template:Wikiquote

Template:Lucky Luke by Morris Template:Portal bar

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  1. ↑ Template:Cite book
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  14. ↑ Template:Cite news
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  25. ↑ Template:Cite web
  26. ↑ Template:Cite web
  27. ↑ Template:Cite web
  28. ↑ Template:Cite web
  29. ↑ Template:Cite web
  30. ↑ Template:Cite web
  31. ↑ Template:Cite web
  32. ↑ Template:Cite web
  33. ↑ Belgisch Centrum van het Beeldverhaal Brussel (in Dutch). Accessed 19 December 2019.
  34. ↑ Template:Cite web
  35. ↑ Template:Cite web
  36. ↑ Template:Cite web
  37. ↑ Template:Cite web
  38. ↑ Template:Cite web
  39. ↑ Template:Cite web
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