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Comiket

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Convention

Template:Nihongo, more commonly known as Template:Nihongo or Template:Nihongo, is a semiannual doujinshi convention in Tokyo, Japan. A grassroots market focused on the sale of doujin (self-published) works, Comiket is a not-for-profit fan convention administered by the volunteer-run Comic Market Preparatory Committee (ComiketPC). Inaugurated on 21 December 1975 with an estimated 700 attendees, Comiket has since grown to become the largest fan convention in the world, with an estimated turnstile attendance of 750,000 in 2019. Comiket is typically held at Tokyo Big Sight in August and December, with the two events distinguished as Template:Nihongo and Template:Nihongo, respectively.

Program

Doujin marketplace

Comiket is focused primarily on the sale of doujin: non-commercial, self-published works.[1] Approximately 35,000 circles (a term for groups or individuals who create doujin) participate in each edition of Comiket.[2] Different circles exhibit on each day of Comiket; circles producing works on a common subject, such as a particular media franchise or manga genre, are typically grouped on the same day.[3] The most common item sold at Comiket is doujinshi (self-published comics, novels or magazines), while a smaller number of circles sell doujin soft, analog (board/card/etc.) games, music, clothing, and other goods. These are often derivative fan works based off of anime, video games, and other media, legal according to Japanese law (shinkokuzai).[3] Since Comiket's inauguration, sample copies of all works sold at Comiket are collected and archived by ComiketPC, with over 2.1 million works having been archived.[1]

Trends in derivative works

Template:GraphChart

The number of doujin circles producing derivative works for given media properties, from Comiket 84 (August 2013) to Comiket 97 (December 2019).[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Cosplay

Elaborately dressed cosplayers at Comiket 69 in December 2005

Comiket is a major outlet for cosplay enthusiasts. Since Comiket 80 in 2011, restrictions on cosplaying have been gradually relaxed, with a shift from regulating objects (e.g. a ban on items that could be used as weapons) to regulating behavior (e.g. a ban on swinging around long objects).[1] Some general contemporary guidelines include not wearing clothes that are too revealing, not imitating uniformed officers, and being out of cosplay when arriving/departing from Comiket.[13]

Corporate booths

Comiket hosts 190 corporate booths each year. This includes both large commercial companies, such as video game studios and manga publishers, as well as celebrity meet and greet sessions.[1]

Operations

Schedule

Entry queue to Comiket 90 in August 2016

Comiket is held twice yearly, in August and December. These events are distinguished as "Summer Comic Market" (Natsukomi) and "Winter Comic Market" (Fuyukomi).[14] Since 1995, both events have run for three days each, with Summer Comiket generally occurring Friday to Sunday in mid-August, and Winter Comiket generally occurring the three days prior to New Year's Day. Starting with Comiket 96, the events have been four days long,[15] with the exception of Comiket 103 and 104, which, due to recent COVID-19 pandemic, were reduced to two days each. Both events run daily from 10:00Template:Nbspa.m. to 4:00Template:Nbspp.m, with corporate booths open until 5:00Template:Nbspp.m and the entire convention closing an hour early on the final day of the event.[16] Comiket has been held at Tokyo Big Sight in Ariake, Tokyo since 1996.[17] Comiket 98, which was planned for August 2020, was the event's first cancellation in its history as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;[18] Comiket 99, which would have been held in December 2020 was instead held in December 2021, two years after the last time it was held, and ran for only two days.[19]

Event size

Crowds at Comiket 62 in August 2002

Comiket is the largest fan convention in the world,[20] growing from fewer than 10,000 attendees in 1982[21] to over half a million by 2004. Since 2007, attendee numbers have fluctuated in the region of 500,000 for Winter Comiket and 560,000 for Summer Comiket.[22]Template:Efn Because of the extremely high volume of attendance at Comiket, mobile phone companies set up temporary antennas, while the Tokyo Metro makes special arrangements to accommodate the large crowds. Hour-long queues to enter Comiket during peak hours are common, while some attendees queue up to five hours before the event to ensure early admission.[16] Popular circles are frequently placed near the venue's loading docks so that their queues can extend outside.[1] ComiketPC recommends that first-time attendees arrive in the afternoon to avoid queues.[23]

Catalog

For every Comiket, a catalog is released that contains information about the event. The catalog includes a list of all participating circles, maps of the convention layout, directions to and from the convention, rules for the convention, results from surveys held among Comiket participants, articles about topics relevant to dōjinshi creators, and one to two pictures ("circle cuts") for every participating circle. It is available in print and DVD-ROM format, and since Comiket 83, is available online behind a partial paywall.[24]

Catalogs are made available for sale at stores two weeks before the event.[25] The print version is roughly the size of an average phone book, while the DVD-ROM version includes features such as advanced search functions and a clickable map. To date, there is no English edition of the catalog available, though the catalog does contain a four-page basic guide for attending Comiket in English, Chinese, and Korean.[26]

Prior to Comiket 96, a purchased catalog was not required for admission to Comiket (see 2020 Summer Olympics changes below).

Participants

A circle ticket for Comiket 88. The ticket uses holography to prevent counterfeiting and includes the personal information of the exhibitor (blurred in this image) to prevent scalping.

The overwhelming majority of Comiket circle participants are amateur and hobbyist artists: 70% of participating circles lose money, while only 15% turn a profit.[1] The majority of circle participants at Comiket are female, with women composing 57% of participating circles at Comiket 84.[1] General attendees at Comiket tend to skew male, with men comprising 64% of attendees at Comiket 78.[27]

Of the Comiket circle participants, a 2011 poll showed that nearly half participated because attending the event and showing off their work is enjoyable, and a significant percentage came to spread their works to the public.[28] A smaller percentage of dōjinshi creators' goal is to promote an idea or opinion through attending Comiket.[28]

The majority of those participating in circles in 2010 said that they are a part of a one-person circle (59%), while two-person (20%) and three-person (8%) circles were also common.[29]

Philanthropy

Since 1993, ComiketPC has donated over ¥60 million to sustainable forest management to offset paper used in the production of dōjinshi.[1] Since 2007, ComiketPC has worked with the Japanese Red Cross Society to organize bloodmobiles at Comiket events, with donors given Comiket-exclusive posters depicting characters from anime and video games. The Red Cross receives an estimated 1,500 blood donations at each Comiket.[30][31]

History

Template:Ill, a manga critique circle that founded the Comiket
Space Battleship Yamato's Cosplay at Comiket 8, held in April 1978 at Template:Interlanguage link
Crowds at Comiket 49, held in December 1995 at Template:Interlanguage link

Comiket was inaugurated in 1975 by Template:Ill (Labyrinth), a dōjin circle founded by Yoshihiro Yonezawa, Template:Ill, and Template:Ill while studying at Meiji University.[32] The first Comiket was organized amid a period of immense change and upheaval for manga as a medium, characterized by the closure of the experimental manga magazine COM and the ascendance of the Year 24 Group.[33][34][35] A 1975 incident in which a dōjin creator applying for Template:Ill was refused admission after criticizing the convention's focus on professional guests over dōjin creators in her application became a catalyst for the founding of Comiket as a fan convention.[36][32]

As Comiket grew, a lottery system to allocate exhibition space was implemented in 1979, as the number of applications from circles began to surpass available space.[1] In 1981 the event moved to Template:Interlanguage link and began publishing an event catalog in 1982. Comiket would change locations frequently throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, as the Japanese bubble economy led to an upsurge in trade shows that made it difficult to secure a consistent venue. The murders by Tsutomu Miyazaki and subsequent moral panic against otaku would lead to further difficulties in Comiket's ability to secure a venue.[1] Tokyo Big Sight hosted Comiket for the first time in 1996, and remains the convention's primary venue. In 1998 (C54), an arsonist placed incendiary devices in the venue the day before the event, which were noticed and neutralized with no major damage; the event was held as normal, though with heightened security. The arsonist was caught at the following event.[37]

In 2012, anonymous threats made against circles creating works related to Kuroko's Basketball led Comiket to prohibit the sale of all Kuroko's Basketball-related items at Comiket 85 (see Kuroko's Basketball § Controversies).[38] Organizers refunded the registration fees for the roughly 900 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items, resulting in a loss for Comiket of roughly ¥10 million.[39] In 2015, ComiketPC organized a special event specifically focused on doujinshi related to the series.[40] Affectionately nicknamed "Kuroket", the event hosted approximately 2,400 circles producing Kuroko's Basketball items.[41]

Template:Anchor In August 2018, ComiketPC announced modified schedules for Comikets 96, 97, and 98 due to the 2020 Summer Olympics. As the east wing of Big Sight closed in 2019 for renovations in advance of the Olympics, the corporate booths of C96 and C97 were moved to Aomi Exhibition Hall, and both events expanded to four days of programming.[42] Admission to both events required the purchase of a wristband – the first time in Comiket's history it was not free to attend – in order to offset the cost of running the event across four days, and to depress attendance in light of the smaller venue space.[43] Wristbands for all four days were included with the purchase of a print event catalog, while individual wristbands for each day were available to purchase at Big Sight the day of the event.[44] C98 in 2020 was slated to be moved to Golden Week in May in order to not conflict with the Olympics in August.[45] On 27 March 2020, ComiketPC announced that C98 had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first time a Comiket event has been cancelled.[18] On 12 July 2020, it was announced that Comiket 99 would be postponed to 2021, taking place during Golden Week as C98 would have in order to not conflict with the Summer Olympics, which were also postponed. A virtual event titled "Air Comiket" was held in December to replace its originally planned dates.[46] Comic Market 99 was ultimately delayed to December 2021, and ran for only two days with entry limited to 55,000 people per day by requiring ticket purchases.[19]

Event history

No. Year Date Dōjin circles[47] Attendance[47]Template:Efn Venues[47]
1 1975 21 December 32 700 Template:Interlanguage link
2 1976 4 April 39 550 Template:Nihongo
3 25 July 56 500
4 19 December 80 700
5 1977 10 April 94 1,300 Template:Nihongo
6 30–31 JulyTemplate:Efn 100 2,000
7 18 December 131 2,500
8 1978 2 April 144 2,000
CS1Template:Efn 6 May Template:Unk 250 Template:Nihongo
9 29–30 July 200 3,000
—Template:Efn 15 November Template:Unk Template:Unk Hitotsubashi University Kunitachi Campus
10 17 December 200 3,000 Ōta City Industrial Building
11 1979 8 April 218 3,000
12 28–29 July 330 4,000 Template:Interlanguage link
13 23 December 290 4,000 Ōta City Industrial Building
14 1980 11 May 380 6,000 Template:Nihongo
15 14 September 340 7,000
16 14 December 340 7,000
17 1981 5 April 400 8,000
18 15–16 August 512 10,000 Template:Interlanguage link
19 20 December 600 9,000 Template:Interlanguage link
20 1982 21 March 780 9,000
21 8 August 970 10,000
22 26 December 1,060 8,000
23Template:Efn 1983 3 April 1,200 13,000
24 7 August 1,500 18,000
25 25 December 1,550 25,000
26 1984 19 August 2,400 30,000
27 23 December 2,300 25,000
28 1985 11 August 3,450 30,000
29 29 December 4,000 30,000
30 1986 10 August 3,900 35,000
31 27–28 December 4,400 40,000 Template:Interlanguage link
32 1987 8–9 August 4,400 60,000
33 26–27 December 4,400 55,000
34 1988 13–14 August 9,200 70,000 Template:Interlanguage link
35 1989 25–26 March 8,900 70,000
36 13–14 August 10,000 100,000
37 23–24 December 11,000 120,000 Makuhari Messe
38 1990 18–19 August 13,000 230,000
39 23–24 December 13,000 250,000
40 1991 16–17 August 11,000 200,000 Template:Interlanguage link
41 29–30 December 14,000 200,000
42 1992 15–16 August 12,000 250,000
43 29–30 December 15,000 180,000
44 1993 15–16 August 15,000 250,000
45 29–30 December 16,000 200,000
46 1994 7–8 August 16,000 240,000
47 29–30 December 16,000 200,000
48 1995 18–20 AugustTemplate:Efn 22,000 250,000
49 29–30 December 16,000 220,000
CS2Template:Efn 1996 17 March 1,300 8,000
50 3–4 August 18,000 350,000 Tokyo Big Sight
51 28–29 December 22,000 220,000
52 1997 15–17 August 33,000 400,000
53 28–29 December 22,000 300,000
54 1998 14–16 August 33,000 380,000
55 29–30 December 23,000 300,000
56 1999 13–15 August 35,000 400,000
57 24–26 December 25,000 320,000
CS3Template:Efn 2000 13–15 August 200 1,500 Okinawa Convention Center
58 11–13 August 35,000 430,000 Tokyo Big Sight
59 29–30 December 23,000 300,000
60[48] 2001 10–12 August 35,000 480,000
61[49] 29–31 December 23,000 360,000
62[50] 2002 9–11 August 35,000 480,000
63[51] 28–30 December 35,000 450,000
64[52] 2003 15–17 August 35,000 460,000
65[53] 28–30 December 35,000 420,000
66[54] 2004 15–17 August 35,000 510,000
67[55] 28–30 December 23,000 370,000
CS4[56]Template:Efn 2005 21 March 3,400 50,000
68[57] 12–14 August 35,000 480,000
69[58] 29–30 December 23,000 350,000
70[59] 2006 11–13 August 35,000 430,000
71[60] 29–31 DecemberTemplate:Efn 35,000 440,000
72[61] 2007 17–19 August 35,000 550,000
73[62] 29–31 December 35,000 500,000
74[63] 2008 15–17 August 35,000 550,000
75[64] 28–30 December 35,000 510,000
76[65] 2009 14–16 August 35,000 560,000
77[66] 29–31 December 35,000 510,000
CS5[67]Template:Efn 2010 14–16 August 1,500 33,000 Template:Nihongo
78[68] 13–15 August 35,000 560,000 Tokyo Big Sight
79[69] 29–31 December 35,000 520,000
80[70] 2011 12–14 August 35,000 540,000
81[71] 29–31 December 35,000 500,000
82[72] 2012 10–12 August 35,000 560,000
Template:Visible anchor[73] 29–31 December 35,000 550,000
84[74] 2013 10–12 August 35,000 590,000
85[75] 29–31 December 35,000 520,000
86[76] 2014 15–17 August 35,000 550,000
87[77] 28–30 December 35,000 560,000
CS6[78]Template:Efn 2015 28–29 March 5,200 50,000 Makuhari Messe
88[79] 14–16 August 35,000 550,000 Tokyo Big Sight
89[80] 29–31 December 35,000 520,000
90[81] 2016 12–14 August 34,000 530,000
91[82] 29–31 December 36,000 550,000
92[83] 2017 11–13 August 32,000 500,000
93[84] 29–31 December 32,000 550,000
94[85] 2018 10–12 August 35,000 530,000
95[86] 29–31 December 35,000 570,000
96[87] 2019 9–12 AugustTemplate:Efn 32,000 730,000 Tokyo Big Sight & Aomi Exhibition Hall
97[88] 28–31 December 32,000 750,000
98[18] 2020 CancelledTemplate:Efn Template:NA Template:NA Template:NA
99[89] 2021 30–31 DecemberTemplate:Efn 20,000 110,000Template:Efn Tokyo Big Sight
100[90] 2022 13–14 August 20,000 170,000
101[91] 30–31 December 20,000 180,000
102[92] 2023 12–13 August 21,000 260,000
103[93] 30–31 December 25,900 270,000
104[94] 2024 11–12 August 24,000 260,000
105 29–30 December

See also

  • Lucca Comics & Games, the largest comics festival in Europe, and the second biggest in the world after the Comiket
  • Comic World, an anime and doujin festival with events in South Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan
  • Comifuro, a doujin convention in Indonesia.
  • Anime Expo, an anime convention in Los Angeles, California
  • Japan Expo, a Japanese pop culture convention in France
  • Overload, a doujin festival in New Zealand
  • Comica Comiket, a one-day small-press and minicomics market held in conjunction with Comica, the London International Comics Festival (2007–2016)

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Template:Anime conventions in Japan Template:Comic festivals and alternative comics conventions Template:Authority control Template:Coord

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ Template:Cite web
  5. ↑ Template:Cite web
  6. ↑ Template:Cite web
  7. ↑ Template:Cite web
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web
  9. ↑ Template:Cite web
  10. ↑ Template:Cite web
  11. ↑ Template:Cite web
  12. ↑ Template:Cite web
  13. ↑ Template:Cite web
  14. ↑ Template:Cite book
  15. ↑ Template:Cite web
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Template:Cite web
  17. ↑ Template:Cite web Citing Template:Cite journal
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Template:Cite web
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Template:Cite web
  20. ↑ Template:Cite web
  21. ↑ Mizoguchi Akiko (2003). "Male-Male Romance by and for Women in Japan: A History and the Subgenres of Yaoi Fictions". U.S.-Japan Women’s Journal, 25: 49-75.
  22. ↑ Template:Cite web
  23. ↑ Template:Cite web
  24. ↑ Template:Cite web
  25. ↑ Template:Cite web
  26. ↑ Template:Cite web
  27. ↑ Template:Cite web (Comiket 84 pie chart is on page 19)
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Template:Cite journal
  29. ↑ Template:Cite bookTemplate:Dead link
  30. ↑ Template:Cite web
  31. ↑ Template:Cite web
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Template:Cite web
  33. ↑ Template:Cite book
  34. ↑ Template:Cite web
  35. ↑ Template:Cite book
  36. ↑ Template:Cite news
  37. ↑ Template:Cite book
  38. ↑ Template:Cite web
  39. ↑ Template:Cite web
  40. ↑ Template:Cite web
  41. ↑ Template:Cite web
  42. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C96and97
  43. ↑ Template:Cite web
  44. ↑ Template:Cite web
  45. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C96and97ANN
  46. ↑ Template:Cite web
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Chronology
  48. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C60
  49. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C61
  50. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C62
  51. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C63
  52. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C64
  53. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C65
  54. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C66
  55. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C67
  56. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CS4
  57. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C68
  58. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C69
  59. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C70
  60. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C71
  61. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C72
  62. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C73
  63. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C74
  64. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C75
  65. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C76
  66. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C77
  67. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CS5
  68. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C78
  69. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C79
  70. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C80
  71. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C81
  72. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C82
  73. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C83
  74. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C84
  75. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C85
  76. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C86
  77. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C87
  78. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CS6
  79. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C88
  80. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C89
  81. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C90
  82. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C91
  83. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C92
  84. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C93
  85. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C94
  86. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C95
  87. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C96
  88. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C97
  89. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C99
  90. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C100
  91. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C101
  92. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C102
  93. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C103
  94. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named C104
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