Le Charivari
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Le Charivari was a French satirical daily newspaper founded in Paris on December 1, 1832, by caricaturist Charles Philipon and his brother-in-law Gabriel Aubert.[1] It became one of the most influential satirical publications of the 19th century and the principal outlet for the caricatures of Honoré Daumier.[1]
Founding and purpose
Philipon and Aubert launched Le Charivari partly to spread the financial risk of the government fines and censorship penalties their earlier paper, La Caricature, had repeatedly incurred, while continuing to "provide laughter and amusement to the French public."[1]
Political caricature and censorship
In its early years the paper published sharply critical political caricatures aimed at King Louis-Philippe and his government. After the September Laws of 1835 banned political caricature outright, Le Charivari shifted its focus to satirizing everyday French bourgeois life and social customs, preserving its satirical character while working around the new restrictions.[1]
Contributors
Publication history
Le Charivari ran as a daily newspaper from 1832 until 1936, then continued on a weekly schedule until it ceased publication in 1937; ownership changed hands several times over its run amid disputes with authorities over taxes and fines.[1]