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{{Short description|1974 | {{Short description|1974 satiric short film}} | ||
{{Infobox film | {{Infobox film | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| runtime = 22 minutes | | runtime = 22 minutes | ||
| starring = Alex Krakower<br />Liam Smith<br />Marshall Anker<br />Allen Lieb<br />George Stapleford<br />Bob Kingsley<br />[[Mel Blanc]] | | starring = Alex Krakower<br />Liam Smith<br />Marshall Anker<br />Allen Lieb<br />George Stapleford<br />Bob Kingsley<br />[[Mel Blanc]] | ||
| music = Harry Buch | | music = Harry Buch | ||
| producer = James K. Morrow<br />Joe Adamson<br />[[David E. Stone]] | | producer = James K. Morrow<br />Joe Adamson<br />[[David E. Stone]] | ||
| writer = James K. Morrow<br />Joe Adamson | | writer = James K. Morrow<br />Joe Adamson | ||
| Line 14: | Line 12: | ||
| country = United States | | country = United States | ||
| language = English | | language = English | ||
| released = {{Film date|1974|10|01 | | released = {{Film date|1974|10|01}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''''A Political Cartoon''''' is a 1974 American [[satiric]] independent short film produced by [[James K. Morrow]], [[Joe Adamson]] and [[David E. Stone]] | '''''A Political Cartoon''''' is a 1974 American [[satiric]] independent short film produced by [[James K. Morrow]], [[Joe Adamson]] and [[David E. Stone]]. Combining [[live-action animation|live-action and animation]], the short follows a political campaign manager and a cartoonist who decide to run an animated character for President of the United States.<ref name="NightFlight">{{cite web|title="A Political Cartoon": Looking back at the 1974 short film featuring Bugs Bunny|url=http://nightflight.com/a-political-cartoon-looking-back-the-1974-short-film-that-featured-bugs-bunny/|publisher=Night Flight Plus|access-date=December 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002050234/http://nightflight.com/a-political-cartoon-looking-back-the-1974-short-film-that-featured-bugs-bunny/|archive-date=October 2, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was distributed by The Creative Film Society.<ref name="Film Magazine">{{cite web|date=1974|title=Today's Film Maker, Volume 4|work=American Film Makers Magazine, Incorporated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzxAAQAAIAAJ&q=The+Creative+Film+Society+A+Political+Cartoon|quote=The Kodak Teen-age Movie Award Winners... Where Are They Now?: When Joe Adamson won a second prize in the 1964 Kodak Teenage Movie Awards, he remembers that he had just "given up" film making at the tender age of 18. Ten years later, he has studied, taught and written about film professionally. And together with two fellow teen movie graduates—Jim Morrow and Dave Stone—who worked with him on his '64 winner, he recently completed the combination animation-live action film, ''A Political Cartoon'', being distributed by The Creative Film Society. Adamson, who says his teen award "sort of convinced me I could do things," came out of his early retirement from film to attend UCLA where ''In the Mist of Life'', one of the "slew" of films he made as a student, was rated "film poetry of the highest order" by the Los Angeles Free Press.|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref> | ||
The short won awards and prizes at many film festivals;<ref name=" | The short won awards and prizes at many film festivals; it was exhibited at the [[Orson Welles Cinema]],<ref name="NightFlight"/> was nominated for a Gold Hugo for Best Short Film at the Chicago International Film Festival,<ref>{{cite web|title=Chicago International Film Festival 1974|url=https://mubi.com/en/awards-and-festivals/chicago?year=1974|publisher=Mubi|access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref> and won the Francis Scott Key Award at the Baltimore Film Festival,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prattlibrary.org/locations/sightsandsounds/index.aspx?id=33394|title=Baltimore Film Festival 16 mm Films – Enoch Pratt Free Library|work=prattlibrary.org|access-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref> the Judge's Prize at the Santa Barbara Film Festival, the Jury's Prize at the Columbus Film Festival,<ref name="Morrow Birthday">{{cite web|title=Happy birthday to enigmatic James Morrow|url=https://tachyonpublications.com/happy-birthday-to-enigmatic-james-morrow-2/|date=March 17, 2018|publisher=Tachyon Publications|access-date=November 4, 2024}}</ref> and the Audience Prize at the Midwest Film Festival.<ref name="Filmmake1">{{cite magazine|last1=Stone|first1=Dave|last2=Adamson|first2=Joe|last3=Morrow|first3=Jim|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_filmmakers_1975-01_8_3/page/22/mode/2up|title=Shooting A Political Cartoon|magazine=Filmmakers Newsletter|issue=3|publisher=Suncraft International, Incorporated|date=January 1975|pages=22-23|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Filmmake2">Stone, Dave, Joe Adamson, and Jim Morrow. "Shooting A Political Cartoon." Filmmakers Newsletter 8.3 (January 1975): 18–22.</ref><ref name="Morrow Birthday"/> The Los Angeles Free Pass rated the short "film poetry of the highest order".<ref name="Film Magazine"/> In 1996, the short was released on [[VHS]] by [[Kino Video]] as a part of ''Cartoongate!'', a compilation of politics-themed animated shorts.<ref name="Cartoongate">{{cite book|title=Cartoongate [VHS]|asin=6304198639}}</ref><ref name="NightFlight"/> | ||
==Plot== | ==Plot== | ||
An unemployed cartoonist, Bernie Wibble, and a political activist, Lance Mungo, devise a scheme to embrace the absurdity of modern elections. Lance enlists Bernie's aid in creating a cartoon character named Peter President and running him for President of the United States. After Peter's election, people begin to have negative reactions to cartoons because of him. During a meeting with the Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration, Peter unexpectedly takes a firm stand against them, refusing their offer to use his likeness on their products. The conglomerate responds by sending all the India Ink back to India, rendering him catatonic. Lance and Bernie attempt to revive Peter by transporting ink through a tube, only for the result to turn out unsuccessful. They decide to reuse Bernie's animation of Peter for his next press conference. Later, the CCC hires two 1930s gangsters to kill Bernie. Bernie runs into a printing factory in order to escape them, but ends up getting turned into a comic book, so Lance replaces him with a puppet master. | |||
==Cast== | ==Cast== | ||
| Line 28: | Line 26: | ||
* Liam Smith as Lance Mungo | * Liam Smith as Lance Mungo | ||
* Marshall Anker as Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration CEO | * Marshall Anker as Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration CEO | ||
* Allen Lieb | * Allen Lieb, George Stapleford, and Bob Kingsley as Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration Members | ||
* [[Mel Blanc]] as [[Bugs Bunny]] | * [[Mel Blanc]] as [[Bugs Bunny]] | ||
* [[Joe Adamson]] (uncredited) as Astronaut, News Reporter, Mailman and Gangster #2 (voice) | * [[Joe Adamson]] (uncredited) as Astronaut, News Reporter, Mailman and Gangster #2 (voice) | ||
* [[Lindsay Doran]] (uncredited) as Waitress | * [[Lindsay Doran]] (uncredited) as Waitress | ||
* [[James K. Morrow]] (uncredited) as | * [[James K. Morrow]] (uncredited) as Narrator, Bingo, Bongo, Peter President and Cartoon Characters | ||
==Production== | ==Production== | ||
James K. Morrow, Joe Adamson, and David E. Stone were young filmmakers who collaborated on each other's films (some of which won awards) at [[Abington High School]] in [[Philadelphia]], such as ''It's an Out of its Mind World'' and ''The Man Who Owned America''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Secular Web Kiosk: James Morrow|url=http://infidels.org/kiosk/author/james-morrow-418.html|website=The Secular Web|access-date=February 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://mcnygenealogy.com/book/kodak/kodak-movie-news-v13-n1.pdf|title=Winners of the 1964 Teen-age Movie Contest|journal=Kodak Movie News|volume=13|number=1|date=Spring 1965}}</ref><ref name="AnnAmerican">{{cite web|date=1973|title=Annual American Film Festival, Volumes 15-18|work=Educational Film Library Association|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWIbAQAAIAAJ&q=Joe+Adamson|quote=A POLITICAL CARTOON 22 min., color, apply sale, $ 20.00 rental, Prod. 1973, Rel. 1974. Director: James Morrow and Joe Adamson. Distributor: Creative Film Society. Producer: Morrow & Adamson. Writer: Morrow & Adamson. Camera: John O'Connor. Music: Harry Buch.|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="ContempAuth">{{cite book|title=Contemporary Authors, Volume 180|isbn=978-0-7876-3240-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gsTiAAAAMAAJ&q=joe+adamson+president+a+political+cartoon|quote=Seven years later, Joe, Dave, and I collaborated on another satiric sally against the American republic, ''A Political Cartoon'', a 16mm short presently available on home video (Kino on Video), and in retrospect I see it as a ritualized attempt to rekindle our old ''Man Who Owned America'' collaboration and maybe get it right this time.|access-date=December 12, 2024|last1=Rooney|first1=Terrie M.|date=2000|publisher=[[Gale Research International, Limited]]}}</ref><ref name="NightFlight"/> In 1972-1973, the three reunited to create ''A Political Cartoon'' under the name "Odradek Productions", which Morrow referred to as "another satiric sally against the American republic".<ref name="AnnAmerican"/><ref name="ContempAuth"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Working for the Fleischers: An Interview with Dick Huemer by Joe Adamson|url=http://www.huemer.com/animate4.htm|publisher=Dick Huemer's Animation Pages|quote=Joe Adamson is the author of a current book on the Marx Brothers (''Groucho, Harpo, Chico and Sometimes Zeppo'') and a forthcoming book on Tex Avery, as well as being a prize-winning filmmaker (''A Political Cartoon'').|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="LitKicks">{{cite web|title=A Philosophical Chat with James Morrow|url=https://litkicks.com/JamesMorrowInterview/|date=May 6, 2008|publisher=Literary Kicks|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="BilEctric">{{cite web|title=A Philosophical Chat with James Morrow|url=https://billectricking.com/a-philosophical-chat-with-james-morrow/|publisher=Bill Ectric|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Foley Grail">{{cite book|title=The Foley Grail: The Art of Performing Sound for Film, Games, and Animation|isbn=9781136058370|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127024028/https://books.google.com/books?id=sE-I0xjti-YC&pg=PT199|quote=In 1972, three able young filmmakers went about creating a short film about what would happen if the American public elected a cartoon character for president. This idea was concocted during a tumultuous time in our history, and these young lads were inventive and playful. The result was ''A Political Cartoon'', written and directed by Joseph Adamson and Jim Morrow. David Stone was an aspiring animator who was responsible for designing the character Peter President, as well as other sundry cartoon characters. The filmmakers got permission for Bugs Bunny to appear in the film, and Mel Blanc graciously added his voice. The film was self-produced and minimally financed, and there was a sparse amount of sound effects added. Certainly, there was no Foley. The young men had probably not ever heard the term ''Foley'' at that point. The sound effects added were basic and supported the humor of the piece.|access-date=December 12, 2024|last1=Ament|first1=Vanessa Theme|date=January 22, 2009|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref> The short was made in the [[Boston]] suburbs during [[Richard Nixon]]'s second inauguration, and stars Alex Krakower, Liam Smith, Marshall Anker, Allen Lieb, George Stapleford, and Bob Kingsley,<ref name="NightFlight"/> with Adamson, Morrow, [[Lindsay Doran]], and other crew members portraying additional uncredited roles. Morrow, Adamson and Stone shot principal photography (all the Lance and Bernie scenes and the CCC) and the Panacea commercial at [[Drew University]] and in [[Madison, New Jersey]]. The living marionette at the end and the press conference were the only scenes shot in Boston environments.<ref name="NightFlight"/> The marionette was played by a young girl, with the effect where it manipulates its own strings achieved with the use of a giant pinewood chair.<ref name="Filmmake3">{{cite magazine|last1=Stone|first1=Dave|last2=Adamson|first2=Joe|last3=Morrow|first3=Jim|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_filmmakers_1975-01_8_3/page/20/mode/2up|title=Shooting A Political Cartoon|magazine=Filmmakers Newsletter|issue=3|publisher=Suncraft International, Incorporated|date=January 1975|pages=20-21|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Filmmake2"/> Other pickups such as aerial image animation were done in [[New York City]] and in [[State College, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="NightFlight"/> The scenes with the 1930s gangsters were achieved using a [[black-and-white]] reversal original, a scratched dupe negative, a positive copy with dust on the [[A-roll|A]]-and-[[B-roll|B rolls]], a filtered voice track (with Adamson dubbing the second gangster's voice), and a hissing crackle supplied by an old [[78 record]].<ref name="Filmmake4">{{cite magazine|last1=Stone|first1=Dave|last2=Adamson|first2=Joe|last3=Morrow|first3=Jim|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_filmmakers_1975-01_8_3/page/18/mode/2up|title=Shooting A Political Cartoon|magazine=Filmmakers Newsletter|issue=3|publisher=Suncraft International, Incorporated|date=January 1975|pages=18-19|access-date=December 12, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Filmmake2"/> | |||
Peter President and the other cartoon characters were designed and animated by Stone.<ref name="Foley Grail"/> The astronauts were [[stop motion]] models filmed against a [[chroma key|blue screen]] in a video transmission.<ref name="Filmmake4"/><ref name="Filmmake2"/> The short features two cameo appearances from [[Bugs Bunny]]; one at the beginning where he campaigns on behalf of equal rights for cartoon characters everywhere, and another in which he is interviewed at a pet store, where he is on sale as an "[[Easter Rabbit]]". The scenes were animated by Mark Kausler, with the cels inked by Manon Washburn. He was only paid around $400.00 for the work. Kausler received criticism on his animation of Bugs from ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' directors [[Chuck Jones]] and [[Robert McKimson]], even though he used an old McKimson model sheet. The original version of the script had Bugs as an old rabbit at a retirement home for cartoon characters, similar to Jebediah Leland in ''[[Citizen Kane]]''. At one point Bugs would ask for a couple of carrots and for them to be wrapped up to look like cigars. However, [[Warner Bros.]] did not want Bugs to be shown as old, so a new scene was written where Bugs was painting [[Easter eggs]] in the Bugs Bunny Easter Egg Factory. Warner Bros. was finally agreeable to this scene, but Kausler objected and refused to animate it. The scenes in which Bugs campaigns on behalf of equal rights for cartoon characters and is interviewed at the pet store were written and submitted to Warner Bros., and were included in the final version of the film. [[Mel Blanc]] recorded the voice while in hospital with a broken leg.<ref name="Filmmake3"/><ref name="Filmmake1"/><ref name="Filmmake2"/><ref name="Foley Grail"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Animation Anecdotes #258|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/animation-anecdotes-258/|publisher=Cartoon Research|access-date=December 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928020347/https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/animation-anecdotes-258/|archive-date=September 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NightFlight"/><ref name="Animated Persons">{{cite book|title=Animated Personalities: Cartoon Characters and Stardom in American Theatrical Shorts|isbn=9781477317440|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lPxzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250|quote=The notion of a decrepit-looking Bugs persisting into the year 2000 would likely have been amusing to the artists who produced ''The Old Grey Hare'', a film that was made in the 1940s when the rabbit was (in cinematic terms) just a few years old and by no means assured of such a legacy. Over time, however, Warner Bros. has become increasingly cautious about such humor. For instance, the co-directors of the independent film ''A Political Cartoon'' (1974) note that, even in the 1970s, there were already concerns about addressing the potential repercussions of Bugs's longevity: "One of our favorite gags was the idea of a well-known cartoon character behind the scenes... [gazing] skyward with wrinkled eyes and [reminiscing] about the old days... Our first script had... a withered and weathered Bugs, wheezing in an old chair [like Joseph Cotten as Jedediah Leland in ''Citizen Kane'' (1941)], peering over his dark glasses and prodding his febrile memory for recollections of tranquility: "Sometimes I see our old films on the TV.... I like to see us, so young and everything.... It's hard to remember back that far." Although Bugs does appear briefly in the finished version—a rare example of a post-studio-era production that managed to get the star on a loan-out—the directors note that their plans for the above scene were politely, but firmly, denied. The New York Warner Bros. office "sent us a very nice letter informing us that they could not allow 'an ageless Bugs Bunny aged' in a movie that children might see".|access-date=December 14, 2024|last1=McGowan|first1=David|date=February 26, 2019|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]}}</ref> | |||
At one point during production, Stone and Adamson were in the editing room when the time came to cut the sound effects track for the scene where Lance and Bernie improvise an ink transfusion for Peter. Stone came up with the idea to use existing sound from outtakes, adding that to the sync production sound.<ref name="Hollywood Sound">{{cite book|title=Hollywood Sound Design and Moviesound Newsletter: A Case Study of the End of the Analog Age|isbn=9781000156041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82DwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP12|quote=After college, we collaborated again on ''A Political Cartoon'' (1974), a short film shot in 16mm, which I co-directed with Jim Morrow. Dave and I were in the editing room when the time came to cut the sound effects track for a crucial scene: An animated cartoon character had been deprived of his vital India Ink. He was catatonic, and as close to death as a cartoon character could be, so his desperate creators had to improvise an ''ink transfusion''. It was Dave's idea to begin the process simply, by dropping in existing sound from outtakes, adding that to the sync production sound, which never would have occurred to me. While working as an inbetweener at a Hollywood animation studio, Hanna-Barbera, Dave got involved professionally with sound editing and became a different kind of artist, creating funny combinations of sounds.|access-date=December 14, 2024|last1=Stone|first1=David|last2=Ament|first2=Vanessa Theme|date=July 29, 2020|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{IMDb title|0155029}} | *{{IMDb title|0155029}} | ||
{{Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies}} | {{Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies}} | ||
| Line 53: | Line 49: | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Political Cartoon}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Political Cartoon}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1974 films]] | ||
[[Category:1970s satirical films]] | [[Category:1970s satirical films]] | ||
[[Category:1970s political satire films]] | [[Category:1970s political satire films]] | ||
[[Category:1974 animated short films]] | [[Category:1974 animated short films]] | ||
[[Category:1974 independent films]] | [[Category:1974 independent films]] | ||
Revision as of 07:55, 18 December 2024
Template:Short description Template:Infobox film
A Political Cartoon is a 1974 American satiric independent short film produced by James K. Morrow, Joe Adamson and David E. Stone. Combining live-action and animation, the short follows a political campaign manager and a cartoonist who decide to run an animated character for President of the United States.[1] It was distributed by The Creative Film Society.[2]
The short won awards and prizes at many film festivals; it was exhibited at the Orson Welles Cinema,[1] was nominated for a Gold Hugo for Best Short Film at the Chicago International Film Festival,[3] and won the Francis Scott Key Award at the Baltimore Film Festival,[4] the Judge's Prize at the Santa Barbara Film Festival, the Jury's Prize at the Columbus Film Festival,[5] and the Audience Prize at the Midwest Film Festival.[6][7][5] The Los Angeles Free Pass rated the short "film poetry of the highest order".[2] In 1996, the short was released on VHS by Kino Video as a part of Cartoongate!, a compilation of politics-themed animated shorts.[8][1]
Plot
An unemployed cartoonist, Bernie Wibble, and a political activist, Lance Mungo, devise a scheme to embrace the absurdity of modern elections. Lance enlists Bernie's aid in creating a cartoon character named Peter President and running him for President of the United States. After Peter's election, people begin to have negative reactions to cartoons because of him. During a meeting with the Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration, Peter unexpectedly takes a firm stand against them, refusing their offer to use his likeness on their products. The conglomerate responds by sending all the India Ink back to India, rendering him catatonic. Lance and Bernie attempt to revive Peter by transporting ink through a tube, only for the result to turn out unsuccessful. They decide to reuse Bernie's animation of Peter for his next press conference. Later, the CCC hires two 1930s gangsters to kill Bernie. Bernie runs into a printing factory in order to escape them, but ends up getting turned into a comic book, so Lance replaces him with a puppet master.
Cast
- Alex Krakower as Bernie Wibble
- Liam Smith as Lance Mungo
- Marshall Anker as Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration CEO
- Allen Lieb, George Stapleford, and Bob Kingsley as Consolidated Commerce Conglomeration Members
- Mel Blanc as Bugs Bunny
- Joe Adamson (uncredited) as Astronaut, News Reporter, Mailman and Gangster #2 (voice)
- Lindsay Doran (uncredited) as Waitress
- James K. Morrow (uncredited) as Narrator, Bingo, Bongo, Peter President and Cartoon Characters
Production
James K. Morrow, Joe Adamson, and David E. Stone were young filmmakers who collaborated on each other's films (some of which won awards) at Abington High School in Philadelphia, such as It's an Out of its Mind World and The Man Who Owned America.[9][10][11][12][1] In 1972-1973, the three reunited to create A Political Cartoon under the name "Odradek Productions", which Morrow referred to as "another satiric sally against the American republic".[11][12][13][14][15][16] The short was made in the Boston suburbs during Richard Nixon's second inauguration, and stars Alex Krakower, Liam Smith, Marshall Anker, Allen Lieb, George Stapleford, and Bob Kingsley,[1] with Adamson, Morrow, Lindsay Doran, and other crew members portraying additional uncredited roles. Morrow, Adamson and Stone shot principal photography (all the Lance and Bernie scenes and the CCC) and the Panacea commercial at Drew University and in Madison, New Jersey. The living marionette at the end and the press conference were the only scenes shot in Boston environments.[1] The marionette was played by a young girl, with the effect where it manipulates its own strings achieved with the use of a giant pinewood chair.[17][7] Other pickups such as aerial image animation were done in New York City and in State College, Pennsylvania.[1] The scenes with the 1930s gangsters were achieved using a black-and-white reversal original, a scratched dupe negative, a positive copy with dust on the A-and-B rolls, a filtered voice track (with Adamson dubbing the second gangster's voice), and a hissing crackle supplied by an old 78 record.[18][7]
Peter President and the other cartoon characters were designed and animated by Stone.[16] The astronauts were stop motion models filmed against a blue screen in a video transmission.[18][7] The short features two cameo appearances from Bugs Bunny; one at the beginning where he campaigns on behalf of equal rights for cartoon characters everywhere, and another in which he is interviewed at a pet store, where he is on sale as an "Easter Rabbit". The scenes were animated by Mark Kausler, with the cels inked by Manon Washburn. He was only paid around $400.00 for the work. Kausler received criticism on his animation of Bugs from Looney Tunes directors Chuck Jones and Robert McKimson, even though he used an old McKimson model sheet. The original version of the script had Bugs as an old rabbit at a retirement home for cartoon characters, similar to Jebediah Leland in Citizen Kane. At one point Bugs would ask for a couple of carrots and for them to be wrapped up to look like cigars. However, Warner Bros. did not want Bugs to be shown as old, so a new scene was written where Bugs was painting Easter eggs in the Bugs Bunny Easter Egg Factory. Warner Bros. was finally agreeable to this scene, but Kausler objected and refused to animate it. The scenes in which Bugs campaigns on behalf of equal rights for cartoon characters and is interviewed at the pet store were written and submitted to Warner Bros., and were included in the final version of the film. Mel Blanc recorded the voice while in hospital with a broken leg.[17][6][7][16][19][1][20]
At one point during production, Stone and Adamson were in the editing room when the time came to cut the sound effects track for the scene where Lance and Bernie improvise an ink transfusion for Peter. Stone came up with the idea to use existing sound from outtakes, adding that to the sync production sound.[21]
References
External links
Template:Looney Tunes & Merrie Melodies Template:Bugs Bunny in animation
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Template:Cite web
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite web
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- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Template:Cite web
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Template:Cite magazine
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Stone, Dave, Joe Adamson, and Jim Morrow. "Shooting A Political Cartoon." Filmmakers Newsletter 8.3 (January 1975): 18–22.
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Template:Cite web
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- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Template:Cite book
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Template:Cite magazine
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