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Template:Infobox company Heroes World Distribution Co., originally named Superhero Enterprises, was an American comic book distributor. It was founded by Ivan Snyder, active from 1975 to 1997, during the growth and consolidation of the direct market. Heroes World was acquired by Marvel Comics in late 1994 to act as the publisher's sole distributor. This ill-fated move, combined with other marketplace factors of the time, resulted in the financial failure of many other comics distributors and retailers—and the near collapse of the entire North American comic book market.
History
Origins
In the early 1970s, Ivan Snyder was head of licensing in Marvel Comics Group's merchandising department. In this role, he was in charge of selling various Marvel licensed products via mail order. After a change in management in the mid-1970s, Marvel discontinued the mail order service, and Snyder purchased the business in 1975, renaming it Superhero Enterprises. Initially running the business out his basement, Snyder shortly thereafter moved into a storefront in Morristown, New Jersey, with a catalog showroom store format. A second store was opened in a Livingston shopping mall, with DC Comics products added to their product mix.[1]
When the former Mego Corporation trademark "Superhero" was purchased by Marvel and DC, Superheroes Enterprise was forced to change its name to Heroes World. By 1982, Heroes World's retail chain had expanded to 12 locations,[1] while it continued its mail order distribution business. (The Heroes World catalog was produced in conjunction with the Dover, New Jersey–based Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art.)[1]
Acquisition by Marvel
By late 1994, Heroes World was North America's third largest comics distributor[2] (behind Diamond Comics Distributors and Capital City Distribution). On December 28, 1994,[3] Heroes World was bought by Marvel Comics[4] to act as the company's exclusive distributor,[2][5] thus reducing other distributors' market share by more than a third.[6] The change took effect with books shipped July 1995.[7] As industry veteran Chuck Rozanski notes:
The ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major North American distributor, Diamond.[5][8]
Heroes World's new role as Marvel's exclusive distributor was a failure from the beginning. Lacking the infrastructure to handle Marvel's huge weekly orders resulted in extensive shipment and billing mistakes, errors which caused great consternation among the thousands of comics specialty shops affected.[9] Writes Rozanski:
These factors, combined with the collapse of the comics speculation market, did indeed result in many comics stores closing their doors for good.
Throughout 1995 and 1996, Heroes World continued to flounder, facing lost business[10] and lawsuits.[11][12] Finally, in 1997 the company went out of business,[4] and Marvel returned to Diamond Distributors,[13] which by that point was the only major distributor left standing.
Notes
References
- "Marvelutionary War Declared: Unprecedented Upheaval in Direct Market," The Comics Journal #175 (March 1995), pp. 9–10.
- "Marvel goes exclusive, Capital sues Marvel, Marvel settles with Capital, Marvel buys Skybox, DC/Diamond announcement expected," The Comics Journal #175 (March 1995), pp. 9–10.
- "Newswatch: Marvelutionary Changes," The Comics Journal #186 (Apr. 1996), p. 23.
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite web
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gray, Bob. "Newswatch: Marvel Buys 3rd Largest Distributor: Heroes World Purchase Signals Fundamental Changes in the Direct Market," The Comics Journal #174 (Feb. 1995): pp. 15-22.
- ↑ Miller, John Jackson. "Marvel Comics Timeline: Significant moments in the publishing history of Marvel Comics," The Comics Chronicles.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bryant, Adam. "BUSINESS DAY: Pow! The Punches That Left Marvel Reeling," New York Times (MAY 24, 1998).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Duin, Steve and Richardson, Mike (ed.s) "Capital City" in Comics Between the Panels (Dark Horse Publishing, 1998) , p. 69
- ↑ Rozanski, Chuck. "Marvel Comics to Self-Distribute Heroes World," Tales From the Database, Mile High Comics (2004).
- ↑ Miller, John Jackson (with additional reporting by T.M. Haley). "JULY '10 COMICHRON Report: 15 Years After HEROES WORLD," Newsarama (August 30, 2010).
- ↑ "Diamond Comic Distributors acquires Capital City Distribution; Comic distribution industry stabilized by purchase," bNet: Business Wire (July 26, 1996).
- ↑ Beck, Howard. "Blood & Thunder: We Told You There's Be Days Like This," The Comics Journal #186 (Apr. 1996), pp 8-9.
- ↑ "Newswatch: Wizards Cut Off Heroes World," The Comics Journal #179 (Aug. 1995), p. 25. (Magic: The Gathering cards no longer available through Heroes World.)
- ↑ Raphael, Jordan. "Son of Heroes World President Receives Fine, Probation for Tax Fraud," The Comics Journal #187 (May 1996), p. 16.
- ↑ "News Watch: Rojek's Suit Against Marvel Dismissed," The Comics Journal #189 (Aug. 1996), p. 21.
- ↑ "Hello Again: Marvel Goes with Diamond," The Comics Journal #193 (February 1997), pp. 9-10.