View source for William Kentridge

{{short description|South African artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use South African English|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox artist
| name        = William Kentridge
| image       = William Kentridge DSC 2685.JPG
| image_size  = 
| alt         = 
| caption     = William Kentridge at an exhibition opening at [[Australian Centre for the Moving Image|ACMI]] in [[Melbourne]], Australia in 2012
| birth_name  = 
| birth_date  = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|04|28}}
| birth_place = [[Johannesburg]], South Africa
| death_date  = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| death_place = 
| nationality = 
| spouse      = Anne Stanwix
| children    = 3
| field       = 
| training    = [[University of the Witwatersrand]] and Johannesburg Art Foundation
| known_for   = [[Printmaking]], [[drawings]], and [[animation|animated films]]
| movement    = 
| works       = 
| patrons     = 
| awards      = 
| elected     = 
| website     = <!-- {{URL|Example.com}} -->
}}
<!--[[File:WilliamKentridge DSC 2685.JPG|thumb|William Kentridge at exhibition opening at [[Australian Centre for the Moving Image|ACMI]] in [[Melbourne]], Australia]] -->

'''William Kentridge''' (born 28 April 1955) is a [[South Africa|South African]] artist best known for his prints, drawings, and [[animation|animated films]], especially noted for a sequence of hand-drawn animated films he produced during the 1990s. The latter are constructed by filming a drawing, making erasures and changes, and filming it again. He continues this process meticulously, giving each change to the drawing a quarter of a second to two seconds' screen time. A single drawing will be altered and filmed this way until the end of a scene. These [[palimpsest]]-like drawings are later displayed along with the films as finished pieces of art.<ref>Greg Kucera Gallery 2007.</ref>

Kentridge has created art work as part of design of theatrical productions, both plays and operas. He has served as art director and overall director of numerous productions, collaborating with other artists, puppeteers and others in creating productions that combine drawings and multi-media combinations.

==Early life and career==
Kentridge was born in [[Johannesburg]] in 1955 to [[Sydney Kentridge]] and [[Felicia Geffen]], a Jewish family. Both were advocates (barristers) who represented people marginalized by the [[apartheid]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/user/5189 |title=William Kentridge &#124; Who's Who SA |publisher=Whoswhosa.co.za |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> He was educated at King Edward VII School in Houghton, Johannesburg. He showed great artistic promise from an early age, and began taking classes with [[Charcoal (art)|charcoal]] at age eight.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadour |title=15 Minutes With Visionary Artist William Kentridge |url=https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/with-a-show-at-the-broad-artist-william-kentridge-talks-hollywood/ |website=Los Angeles Magazine}}</ref> In 2016, he became perhaps the first artist to have a catalogue raisonné devoted exclusively to his juvenilia.<ref>Cole 2016.</ref>

He earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[Politics]] and [[African studies|African Studies]] at the [[University of the Witwatersrand]] and then a [[diploma]] in [[Fine art|Fine Arts]] from the Johannesburg Art Foundation. In the early 1980s, he studied [[mime artist|mime]] and [[theatre]] at the [[L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq]] in [[Paris]]. He originally hoped to become an [[actor]], but said later: "I was fortunate to discover at a theatre school that I was so bad at being an actor [... that] I was reduced to an artist, and I made my peace with it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1534237,00.html |title=Lip Service |access-date=2007-07-14 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223121046/http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1534237,00.html |archive-date=23 December 2004}}</ref> Between 1975 and 1991, he was acting and directing with Johannesburg's Junction Avenue Theatre Company. In the 1980s, he worked on [[television movie|television films]] and series as an [[art director]].

==Work==
{{Essay-like|section|date=December 2024}}
Kentridge believed that being ethnically Jewish gave him a unique position as a third-party observer in South Africa. His parents were [[lawyer]]s, well-known for their defence of victims of [[apartheid]]. The basics of South Africa's socio-political condition and history must be known to grasp his work fully, much the same as in the cases of such artists as [[Francisco Goya]] and [[Käthe Kollwitz]].<ref>Cameron, Christov-Bakargiev, ''Coetzee'', 1999.</ref>

Kentridge has practiced [[expressionism|expressionist]] art, where [[form and content|form often alludes to content]] and ''vice versa''.  The feeling that is manipulated by the use of palette, [[composition (visual arts)|composition]] and [[media (arts)|media]], among others, often plays an equally vital role in the overall meaning as the subject and [[narrative]] of a given work. One must use one's gut reactions as well as one's interpretive skills to find meaning in Kentridge's work, much of which reveals very little content. Due to the sparse, rough and expressive qualities of Kentridge's handwriting, the viewer sees a sombre picture upon first glance, an impression that is perpetuated as the image illustrates a vulnerable and uncomfortable situation.<ref>Christov-Bakargiev, 1998.</ref> 

Aspects of [[social injustice]] that have transpired over the years in South Africa have often become fodder for Kentridge's pieces. ''Casspirs Full of Love'', viewable at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], appears to be nothing more than heads in boxes to the average American viewer, but South Africans know that a [[casspir]] is a vehicle used to put down riots, a kind of a crowd-control [[tank]].

The title, ''Casspirs Full of Love'', written along the side of the print, is suggestive of the narrative and is oxymoronic. A casspir full of love is much like a bomb that bursts with happiness – it is an intangible improbability. The purpose of a machine such as this is to instil "peace" by force, but Kentridge noted that it was used as a tool to keep lower-class natives from taking colonial power and money.<ref>Edmunds 2003.</ref>

===Prints and drawings===
[[File:Print from portfolio 'Ubu Tells the Truth' by William Kentridge, 1996-1997.jpg|thumb|right|Print from portfolio 'Ubu Tells the Truth' by William Kentridge, [[Honolulu Museum of Art]]
]]

By the mid-1970s, Kentridge was making prints and drawings. In 1979, he created 20 to 30 [[monotype]]s, which soon became known as the "Pit" series. In 1980, he executed about 50 small-format etchings which he called the "Domestic Scenes". These two extraordinary groups of prints served to establish Kentridge's artistic identity, an identity he has continued to develop in various media. Despite his ongoing exploration of non-traditional media, the foundation of his art has always been drawing and printmaking.

In 1986, he began a group of charcoal and pastel drawings based, very tenuously, on Watteau's [[The Embarkation for Cythera]].  These extremely important works, the best of which reflect a blasted, dystopic urban landscape, demonstrate the artist's growing consciousness of the flexibility of space and movement.

In 1996–1997, he produced a portfolio of eight prints titled ''Ubu Tells the Truth'', based on [[Alfred Jarry|Alfred Jarry's]] 1896 play ''[[Ubu Roi]]''.  These prints also relate to the [[Truth and reconciliation commission|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] conducted in [[South Africa]] after the end of [[apartheid]].<ref>Honolulu Museum of Art, wall label, ''Ubu Tells the Truth'', 1996–97, accession TCM.1998.16.1–8</ref> One of the stark and somber prints from this portfolio, in the collection of the [[Honolulu Museum of Art]], is illustrated.

The ''Six Drawing Lessons'', delivered as part of The Norton Lectures series at [[Harvard University]] in 2012, consider the work in the studio and the studio as a place of making meaning developed.  A series of large drawings of trees in Indian ink on found encyclopedia pages, torn up and reassembled, analyzes the form of different trees indigenous to southern Africa. Drawn across multiple pages from books, each drawing is put together as a puzzle – the single pages first painted, then the whole pieced together.<ref>[http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2013-09-17_william-kentridge/ Marian Goodman Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929093616/http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2013-09-17_william-kentridge/ |date=29 September 2017 }}, New York.</ref>

"My drawings don't start with a 'beautiful mark'," writes Kentridge, thinking about the activity of [[printmaking]] as being about getting the hand to lead the brain, rather than letting the brain lead the hand. "It has to be a mark of something out there in the world. It doesn't have to be an accurate drawing, but it has to stand for an observation, not something that is abstract, like an emotion."{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

===Animated films===
Between 1989 and 2003, Kentridge made a series of nine short films, which he eventually gathered under the title ''9 Drawings for Projection.''<ref name="nyti_Expl">{{Cite web | title = Exploring Apartheid and Animation at Museum of Modern Art | last = Smith | first = Roberta | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 25 February 2010 | access-date = 2016-05-16 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/26/arts/design/26kentridge.html?_r=0 }}</ref> In 1989, he began the first of those animated movies, ''Johannesburg, 2nd Greatest City After Paris''. The series runs through ''Monument'' (1990), ''Mine'' (1991), ''Sobriety, Obesity & Growing Old'' (1991), ''Felix in Exile'' (1994), ''History of the Main Complaint'' (1996), ''Weighing and Wanting'' (1997), and ''Stereoscope'' (1999), up to ''Tide Table'' (2003) and ''Other Faces'', 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2011-05-06_william-kentridge/ |title=William Kentridge – May 6 – June 18, 2011 – Marian Goodman Gallery |publisher=Mariangoodman.com |access-date=1 March 2014 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815044938/https://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2011-05-06_william-kentridge/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

For the series, he used a technique that would become a feature of his work – successive charcoal drawings, always on the same sheet of paper, contrary to the traditional animation technique in which each movement is drawn on a separate sheet.  In this way, Kentridge's videos and films came to keep the traces of the previous drawings. His animations deal with political and [[social]] themes from a personal and, at times, autobiographical point of view, since the author includes his [[self-portrait]] in many of his works.

The political content and unique techniques of Kentridge's work have propelled him into the realm of South Africa's top artists.  Working with what is in essence a very restrictive media, using only charcoal and a touch of blue or red pastel, he has created animations of astounding depth.  A theme running through all of his work is his peculiar way of representing his birthplace.  While he does not portray it as the militant or oppressive place that it was for black people, he does not emphasise the picturesque state of living that white people enjoyed during [[apartheid]] either; he presents instead a city in which the duality of man is exposed. In a series of nine short films, he introduces two characters – Soho Eckstein and Felix Teitlebaum.  These characters depict an emotional and political struggle that ultimately reflects the lives of many South Africans in the pre-[[democracy]] era.

In an introductory note to ''Felix In Exile'', Kentridge writes, 
<blockquote>"In the same way that there is a human act of dismembering the past there is a natural process in the terrain through erosion, growth, dilapidation that also seeks to blot out events. In South Africa this process has other dimensions. The very term 'new South Africa' has within it the idea of a painting over the old, the natural process of dismembering, the naturalization of things new."</blockquote>

Not only in ''Felix In Exile'' but in all his animated works, the concepts of [[time]] and [[social change|change]] comprise a major [[theme (arts)|theme]]. He conveys it through his erasure technique, which contrasts with conventional [[Cel shading|cel-shaded animation]], whose seamlessness de-emphasizes the fact that it is actually a succession of hand-drawn images. This he implements by drawing a [[key frame]], erasing certain areas of it, re-drawing them and thus creating the next frame. He is able in this way to create as many frames as he wants based on the original key frame simply by erasing small sections.  Traces of what has been erased are still visible to the viewer; as the films unfold, a sense of fading [[memory]] or the passing of time and the traces it leaves behind are portrayed. Kentridge's technique grapples with what is not said, what remains suppressed or forgotten but can easily be felt.

In the nine films that follow Soho Eckstein's life, an increasing vehemence is placed on the health of the individual and contemporary South African [[society]]. Conflicts between [[individualist anarchism|anarchic]] and [[bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] [[individualism|individualistic beliefs]], again a reference to the duality of man, indicate the idea of [[social revolution]] by [[poetry|poetically]] disfiguring surrounding [[building]]s and [[landscape art|landscape]]s. Kentridge states that, although his work does not focus on apartheid in a direct and overt manner, but on the contemporary state of Johannesburg, his drawings and films are certainly influenced by the brutalised society that resulted from the regime.

As for more direct political issues, Kentridge says his art presents [[ambiguity]], [[contradiction]], uncompleted movements and uncertain endings,{{sfn|Kasfir|2000}} all of which seem like insignificant subtleties but can be attributed to most of the calamity presented in his work. In a [[mixed media|mixed-media]] [[triptych]] entitled ''The Boating Party'' (1985), based on [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir|Renoir]]'s painting of a [[Luncheon of the Boating Party|similar name]], the havoc caused by a seemingly-uninterested [[aristocracy]] is perhaps his most severe comment on the state of South Africa during apartheid.  The languid diners sit at ease while the surrounding area is ravaged, torn and burned, a contrast that is reflected in his style and choice of colours.

In 1988, Kentridge co-founded Free Film-makers Co-Operative in Johannesburg. In 1999, he was appointed a film-maker by Stereoscope. 
<blockquote>"Purely in the context of my own work," he wrote in a published playscript of his celebrated ''[[Ubu and the Truth Commission]]'', "I would repeat my trust in the contingent, the inauthentic, the whim, the practical, as strategies for finding meaning.  I would repeat my mistrust in the worth of Good Ideas. And state a belief that somewhere between relying on pure chance on the one hand, and the execution of a programme on the other, lies the most uncertain but the most fertile ground for the work we do [...]. I think I have shown that it is not the clear light of reason or even aesthetic sensibility which determines how one works, but a constellation of factors only some of which we can change at will."<ref>Kentridge 2007.</ref></blockquote>In 2001, Creative Time aired his film ''Shadow Procession'' on the NBC Astrovision Panasonic screen in [[Times Square]].<ref name=pma2007 />

===Opera===
Kentridge has been commissioned to create stage design and act as a theatre director in opera. His political perspective is expressed in his opera directions, which involves different layers: stage direction, animation movies, and influences of the puppet world. He has staged ''[[Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria]]'' ([[Monteverdi]]), ''[[Die Zauberflöte]]'' (Mozart) and ''[[The Nose (opera)|The Nose]]'' ([[Shostakovich]]). Following the last work, he collaborated with the French composer [[François Sarhan]] on a short show called ''Telegrams from the Nose,'' for which he made the stage and set design for the performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2010-09-11_william-kentridge-breathe-dissolve-return/ |title=William Kentridge: Breathe, Dissolve, Return – September 11 – October 16, 2010| publisher= Marian Goodman Gallery |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref>

In November 2015 his "provocative and visually stunning new staging"<ref>James Jorden, ''William Kentridge Commits Murder Most Excellent at the Met'', ''New York Observer'', 11 November 2015.</ref> of Berg's ''[[Lulu (opera)|Lulu]]'', premiered at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in New York, a co-production with the [[English National Opera]] and the [[Dutch National Opera]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metopera.org/opera/lulu-berg-tickets |title=Lulu – February 2015 – The Metropolitan Opera |publisher=metopera.org |date=February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223233736/http://www.metopera.org/opera/lulu-berg-tickets |archive-date=23 February 2015}}</ref> On 8 August 2017, William Kentridge's ''[[Wozzeck]]'' ([[Alban Berg]]) premiered at the [[Salzburg Festival]] and received enthusiastic reactions.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/09/arts/music/review-william-kentridge-wozzeck-salzburg-met-opera.html|title = Wozzeck – August 2017 – New York Times |newspaper = The New York Times |date = 9 August 2017 |access-date=11 August 2017|last1 = Woolfe |first1 = Zachary }}</ref> 

In 2023, Kentridge received the [[Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in Opera]] for the production of 'Sybil' at the [[Barbican Theatre]], London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olivier Awards 2023 – winners are announced {{!}} WhatsOnStage |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/olivier-awards-2023-winners-are-announced-nbsp_58667.html |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=www.whatsonstage.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Tapestries===
Kentridge's protean artistic investigation continues in his series of tapestries begun in 2001. The tapestries stem from a series of drawings in which he conjured shadowy figures from ripped construction paper; he made a collage of these with the web-like background of nineteenth-century atlas maps. To adapt these figures as tapestry, Kentridge worked in close collaboration with the Johannesburg-based Stephens Tapestry Studio, mapping cartoons from enlarged photographs of the drawings and hand-picking dyes to colour the locally spun mohair (goat hair).<ref name=pma2007>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/264.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071020014951/https://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/264.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2007-10-20
| title= Notations/William Kentridge: Tapestries December 12, 2007 – April 6, 2008
| date= 2007
|website= Philadelphia Museum of Art}}</ref>

===Sculpture===
In 2009, Kentridge, in partnership with [[Gerhard Marx]], created a 10m-tall sculpture for his home city of Johannesburg entitled ''[[Fire Walker]].'' In 2012 his sculpture, ''Il cavaliere di Toledo'', was unveiled in [[Naples]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/20281 |title=Comune di Napoli – Municipalità 2 – Notte d'Arte |publisher=Comune.napoli.it |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> ''Rebus'' (2013), referring in title to the allusional device using pictures to represent words or parts of words, is a series of bronze sculptures that form two distinct images when turned to a certain angle; when paired in correspondence, for example, a final image – a nude – is created from two original forms – a stamp and a telephone.<ref name="mariangoodman1">{{cite web |url=http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2013-09-17_william-kentridge/ |title=William Kentridge – September 17 – October 26, 2013 – Marian Goodman Gallery |publisher=Mariangoodman.com |access-date=1 March 2014 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929093616/http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2013-09-17_william-kentridge/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Murals===
In 2016, the anniversary of [[Rome]]'s legendary founding in 753BC, Kentridge unveiled ''Triumphs and Laments'', a monumental mural along the right bank of the river [[Tiber]]. The 550m-long frieze depicting a procession of more than 80 figures from Roman mythology to the present is Kentridge’s largest public work to date. To celebrate its launch, he and his long-time collaborator, the composer [[Philip Miller (composer)|Philip Miller]], devised a series of performances featuring live shadow play and more than 40 musicians.<ref name="theartnewspaper">{{Cite web | title = William Kentridge unveils 550-metre frieze along Rome's River Tiber | last1 = Gattinara | first1 = Federico Castelli | last2 = McGivern | first2 = Hannah | work = [[The Art Newspaper]] | date = 22 April 2016 | access-date = 2016-05-01 | url = http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/william-kentridge-unveils-550m-long-frieze-along-river-tiber-in-rome-/ }}</ref>

== Family ==
Kentridge is married to Anne Stanwix, a [[rheumatologist]], and they have three children. A third-generation South African of [[Lithuanian-Jewish]] heritage,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/william_kentridge/index.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530214332/http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/william_kentridge/index.html|archive-date=30 May 2015|title=William Kentridge News|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref> he is the son of the South African lawyer [[Sydney Kentridge]] and the lawyer and activist [[Felicia Kentridge]].

== Films ==
{|width="100%" align="center"|
|  style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
* 1989 ''Johannesburg, 2nd Greatest City After Paris'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1990 ''Monument'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1991 ''Mine'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1991 ''Sobriety, Obesity & Growing Old'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1994 ''Felix in Exile'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1996 ''History of the Main Complaint'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1996–97 ''Ubu Tells the Truth''
|  style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
* 1998 ''Weighing... and Wanting'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1999 ''Stereoscope'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 1999 ''Shadow Procession'' 
* 2001 ''Medicine Chest''
* 2003 ''Automatic Writing''
* 2003 ''Tide Table'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 2003 ''Journey to the Moon''
* 2009 ''[[Kentridge and Dumas in Conversation]]''
* 2011 ''Other Faces'' (part of the ''Drawings for Projection'')
* 2015 ''Notes Toward a Model Opera''
|}
Kentridge's films were shown at the 2004 [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/Entertainment/Local/0,9294,2-1225-1242_1520374,00.html |title= SA hasn't got it in the Cannes: Entertainment: South Africa: News24|website=www.news24.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002825/http://www.news24.com/News24/Entertainment/Local/0,9294,2-1225-1242_1520374,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref>

== Exhibitions ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* 1997 [[Documenta]] X, [[Kassel]]
* 1998 [[São Paulo Biennial]]
* 1998 [[The Drawing Center]], New York
* 1999 [[Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art]]
* 1999 [[Venice Biennial]]
* 1999 [[Carnegie International]]
* 2000 [[Bienal de la Habana]], [[Havana]]
* 2000 Artlook South Africa, Gahlberg Gallery, [[College of DuPage]]<ref>Title	Artlook South Africa
Authors	Corinne Louw, Alexandra J. Dodd, Gahlberg Gallery; Publisher Gahlberg Gallery, McAninch Arts Center, College of DuPage, 2001</ref>
* 2002 [[Documenta]] 11, [[Kassel]], Germany
* 2003 Goodman Gallery, [[Johannesburg]]
* 2003 Spacex Gallery, [[Exeter]]
* 2004 [[Metropolitan Museum]], New York
* 2005 Musée d'art Contemporain, [[Montreal]]
* 2006 [[Johannesburg]] Art Gallery
* 2006 [[Salzburg]] Museum der Moderne
* 2006 [[Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey]] 
* 2006 [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago]]
* 2007 [[Smith College]] Art Museum
* 2007 [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York
* 2007 University of Brighton Gallery
* 2007 [[Bienal do Mercosul]], [[Porto Alegre]]
* 2008 [[Williams College]] Museum of Art
* 2008 [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]], [[Philadelphia]]
* 2008 [[Biennale of Sydney]], [[Sydney]], Australia
* 2008 ''William Kentridge Seeing Double'', [[Marian Goodman]] Gallery, New York<ref>[http://www.mutualart.com/Exhibitions/William-Kentridge-Seeing-Double/72EBEFC53B8306C4 "William Kentridge Seeing Double"], ''MutualArt''.</ref>
* 2009 [[Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art]]
* 2009 [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]
* 2009 [[Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth]]
* 2009 [[Henry Art Gallery]], [[Seattle]]
* 2009 The [[National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto]]
* 2009 The Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach
* 2010 [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York
* 2010 The [[Jewish Museum (New York)]], New York
* 2010 [[Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art]], Hiroshima
* 2010 [[Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center]]
* 2010 [[Jeu de Paume]], Paris; In parallel with the Five Themes exhibition at the Jeu de Paume in Paris (2010), the artist was featured at the [[Louvre]]. The Louvre show, ''Carnets d'Egypte'', included drawings of the artist, presented next to works from the museum collections, and videos shown in Louis XIVth’s bed.
* 2010 [[Louvre]], Paris
* 2010 ''William Kentridge: Five Themes'', Albertina Museum<ref>[http://www.mutualart.com/Exhibitions/William-Kentridge--Five-Themes/41621A5E8F24BAEF "William Kentridge: Five Themes"], ''MutualArt''.</ref>
* 2011 [[Israel Museum]], [[Jerusalem]]
* 2011 [[MOMA]], [[New York City]]
* 2011 [[MACO]], [[Oaxaca City|Oaxaca]]
* 2011 [[Garage Center for Contemporary Culture]], [[Moscow]]
* 2011 [[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Budapest]]
* 2012 [[Australian Centre for the Moving Image]], [[Melbourne]]<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/09647775.2015.1060866 | volume=30 | title=Conflicts between context and content in William Kentridge: Five Themes : a case study of the Melbourne exhibition | journal=Museum Management and Curatorship | year=2015 | pages=283–295| last1=McCulloch | first1=Samantha | last2=Williams-Wynn | first2=Christopher | issue=4 | s2cid=142528621 }}</ref>
* 2012 Jewish History Museum, Amsterdam
* 2012 [[Documenta (13)]], Kassel
* 2012 Instituto Moreira Salles, [[Rio de Janeiro]]
* 2013 [[Volte Gallery]], [[Mumbai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://volte.in/ |title=Volte |publisher=Volte.in |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref>
* 2013 [[mac, Birmingham]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macarts.co.uk/event/a-universal-archive-william-kentridge-as-printmaker |title=A Universal Archive exhibition |publisher=Macarts.co.uk |access-date=1 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421002510/http://www.macarts.co.uk/event/a-universal-archive-william-kentridge-as-printmaker |archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref>
* 2013 MAXXI, [[Rome]]
* 2013 [[Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo]], [[São Paulo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pinacoteca.org.br/pinacoteca-pt/default.aspx?c=exposicoes&idexp=1198&mn=537&friendly=Exposicao-William-Kentridge-fortuna |title=Pinacoteca do Estado de Sуo Paulo |publisher=Pinacoteca.org.br |access-date=1 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403135332/http://www.pinacoteca.org.br/pinacoteca-pt/default.aspx?c=exposicoes&idexp=1198&mn=537&friendly=Exposicao-William-Kentridge-fortuna |archive-date=3 April 2014}}</ref>
* 2014 Fortune: Banco de la República<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/william-kentridge/|title=Willam Kentridge — Fortuna.}}</ref>
* 2015 ''William Kentridge: Tapestries'', Kewening Galerie<ref>[http://www.mutualart.com/Exhibitions/William-Kentridge--Tapestries/F373E453EA555AD9 "William Kentridge: Tapestries"], ''MutualArt''.</ref>
* 2015 [[EYE Film Institute Netherlands]], [[Amsterdam]]: If We Ever Get To Heaven (till 31 August)
* 2015 [[Haus Konstruktiv]], [[Zürich]]: William Kentridge – The Nose (4 June to 6 September)
* 2015 Royal Academy Summer show
* 2016 [[Whitechapel Gallery]] – Thick Time (21 September 2016 to 15 January 2017)
* 2017 [[Louisiana Museum of Modern Art]], Denmark
* 2017 [[Museum der Moderne Salzburg]], – Thick Time (29 July – 5 November 2017)
* 2017 [[Performa 17]], New York
* 2017/18 [[Old St. John's Hospital]]/[[Memlingmuseum]], [[Bruges]]: Smoke, Ashes Fable<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.expatica.com/be/general/fn-modern-art-stuns-in-bruges-smoke-ashes-fable-by-william-kentridge-55041/|title = Modern art stuns in Bruges: Smoke, Ashes, Fable by William Kentridge| date = 26 October 2017| access-date = 5 October 2022| website = Expatica.com}}</ref>
* 2018 [[Liebieghaus]], [[Frankfurt]]: ''O Sentimental Machine''<ref>{{cite web| url = https://kentridge.liebieghaus.de/en/william-kentridge-o-sentimental-machine| title =  Liebieghaus "O Sentimental Machine"| date = 1 March 2018| access-date = 5 October 2022| website = Liebieghaus}}</ref>
* 2018/19 [[Centro de las Artes de San Agustín (CaSa)]], [[Oaxaca City|Oaxaca]]: "More Sweetly Play the Dance" (Opened 4 November 2018)
* 2020–2021 [[Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona]] (CCCB), [[Barcelona]]: ''El que no està dibuixat'' ("That Which is Not Drawn") (9 October 2020 — 21 February 2021). Large retrospective including drawings, large-format tapestries, the audiovisual installation ''More Sweetly Play the Dance'' and the full series of 11 short animation films, ''Drawings for Projection''. CCCB’s exhibit has been the first place in Europe to premiere Kentridge’s latest film, ''City Deep''.
* 2022 [[M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum]], [[Kaunas]] "That Which We Do Not Remember", part of Kaunas European capital of culture 2022 program.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ciurlionis.lt/activity/branches/m-k-ciurlionis-national-museum-of-art/exhibitions/william-kentridge-paroda-tai-ko-neatsimename-en/| title = "That Which We Do Not Remember" Exhibition by William Kentridge| date = 2 January 2022| access-date = 5 October 2022| website = M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum Of Art}}</ref>
* 2022 [[Royal Academy, London]] ''William Kentridge''<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/sep/20/william-kentridge-review-the-sound-and-the-fury| title = William Kentridge review – the sound and the fury| author = Searle, Adrian| date = 20 September 2022| access-date = 29 September 2022|newspaper = The Guardian}}</ref>}}
* 2024 [[Sharjah Art Foundation]]

==Collections==
Kentridge's works are included in the following permanent collections: [[Honolulu Museum of Art]], the [[Kalamazoo Institute of Arts]], the [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago]], the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (New York), and the [[Tate Modern]] (London).  An edition of the five-channel video installation ''The Refusal of Time'' (2012), which debuted at [[Documenta|documenta 13]], was jointly acquired by the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York and the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]].<ref>Charlotte Burns (10 October 2014), [http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/The-sun-never-sets-on-William-Kentridge/35894 "The sun never sets on William Kentridge"], ''[[The Art Newspaper]]''.</ref> In 2015, Kentridge gave the definitive collection of his archive and art – films, videos and digital works – to the [[George Eastman Museum]], one of the world's largest and oldest photography and film collections.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barone|first=Joshua|date=2015-10-08|title=William Kentridge Gives Major Collection to George Eastman Museum|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/08/william-kentridge-gives-major-collection-to-george-eastman-museum/|access-date=2023-01-03|website=ArtsBeat|language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
{{BLP sources section|date=September 2017}}
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* 1982 Red Ribbon Award for Short Fiction
* 1986 Market Theatre Award for New Vision exhibition
* 1986 AA vita Award at Cassirer fine Art
* 1987 Standard Bank Young Artist Award
* 1992 Woyzeck on the Highveld awards for production, set design & direction
* 1994 Loerie Award memo
* 1999 [[Carnegie Prize]] at [[Carnegie International]]
* 2003 [[Goslarer Kaiserring]]
|  style="width:50%; vertical-align:top;"|
* 2004 Honorary Doctor of Literature from the [[University of the Witwatersrand]]
* 2006 [[Jesse L Rosenberger]] Medal from the [[University of Chicago]]
* 2010 [[Kyoto Prize]]
* 2012 [[Dan David Prize]]
* 2013 [[Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bastille Day celebrations in South Africa|url=http://www.ambafrance-rsa.org/Bastille-Day-celebrations-in-South|publisher=French Embassy in South Africa|access-date=15 July 2013}}</ref>
* 2021 Honorary Doctor of Vrije Universiteit Brussel<ref>{{cite web |title=William Kentridge |access-date=18 March 2023 |lang=en, nl |url=https://www.vub.be/en/person/william-kentridge}}</ref>
* 2022 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from [[Columbia University]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Columbia's 2022 Honorary Degree Recipients Announced|url=https://news.columbia.edu/news/columbias-2022-honorary-degree-recipients-announced#:~:text=On%20May%2018%2C%202022%2C%20Columbia,the%20University%20Medal%20for%20Excellence.|publisher=Columbia University in the City of New York|access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref> 
|}

* 2024 William Kentridge was awarded the prestigious International Folkwang Prize in recognition of his transformative impact on the arts and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Kentridge receives Folkwang Prize {{!}} Museum Folkwang |url=https://www.museum-folkwang.de/en/press/kentridge-receives-folkwang-prize |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=www.museum-folkwang.de |language=en}}</ref>


Kentridge's Five Themes exhibit was included in the 2009 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]], an annual list of the one hundred top people and events in the world.<ref>{{cite web|last=Reed |first=Lou |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893836_1893834,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503142259/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893836_1893834,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2009 |title=William Kentridge – The 2009 TIME 100 |publisher=TIME |date=30 April 2009 |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> That same year, the exhibition was awarded First Place in the 2009 AICA (International Association of Art Critics Awards) Best Monographic Museum Show Nationally category.

In 2012, Kentridge was in residence at [[Harvard University]] invited to deliver the distinguished Charles Eliot Norton lectures in early 2012.
<ref name="mariangoodman1"/> That same year, he was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=William+Kentridge&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-03-19|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

==Art market==
Kentridge's artworks are among the most sought-after and expensive works in South Africa: "a major charcoal drawing by world-renowned South African artist William Kentridge could set you back some £250,000".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.women24.com/Women24/Life/CareersMoney/Article/0,,1-2-5-58_12768,00.html |title= Women24 - Your voice, every day|website=www.women24.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927100940/http://www.women24.com/Women24/Life/CareersMoney/Article/0,,1-2-5-58_12768,00.html |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Kentridge is represented by [[Goodman Gallery]], Lia Rumma Gallery and [[Hauser & Wirth]] (since 2024).<ref>Sarah Douglas (7 March 2024), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/william-kentridge-joins-hauser-and-wirth-departs-marian-goodman-gallery-1234699059/ William Kentridge Joins Hauser & Wirth, Departing Longtime Dealer Marian Goodman] ''[[ARTnews]]''.</ref> From 1999 to 2024, he worked with [[Marian Goodman Gallery]].<ref>Sarah Douglas (7 March 2024), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/william-kentridge-joins-hauser-and-wirth-departs-marian-goodman-gallery-1234699059/ William Kentridge Joins Hauser & Wirth, Departing Longtime Dealer Marian Goodman] ''[[ARTnews]]''.</ref>

The South African record for Kentridge is R6.6 million ($320,000), set at Aspire Art Auctions in Johannesburg in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-10-29-kentridge-artwork-sells-for-r66m-at-johannesburg-auction/|title= Kentridge artwork sells for R6.6m at Johannesburg auction|author=Ernest Mabuza|date=29 October 2018|access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref> One of his bronze pieces reached $1.5 million at [[Sotheby's]] New York in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/867597/south-african-seduction-tk/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130407181517/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/867597/south-african-seduction-tk/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 April 2013 |author= Jason Edward Kaufman|title=South Africa's Art Scene Is Poised for a Breakthrough – At Home and Abroad|date=19 February 2013|access-date=2 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>Sarah Douglas (7 March 2024), [https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/william-kentridge-joins-hauser-and-wirth-departs-marian-goodman-gallery-1234699059/ William Kentridge Joins Hauser & Wirth, Departing Longtime Dealer Marian Goodman] ''[[ARTnews]]''.</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* Cameron, Dan; Christov-Bakargiev, Carolyn; [[J. M. Coetzee|Coetzee, JM]]. ''William Kentridge''. [[New York City|New York]]: [[Phaidon Press]], 1999.
* [[Christov-Bakargiev, Carolyn]]. ''William Kentridge''. Societé des Expositions du [[Palais de Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles]], 1998.
* Cole, William.  "On Some Early Prints by William Kentridge", ''[[Print Quarterly]]'' vol. XXVI no. 3 (2009), 268–273.
* Cole, William.  "Privileged Access, Judiciously Shared.  Matthew Kentridge, The Soho Chronicles:  10 Films by William Kentridge." [[Art Journal (CAA)|Art Journal]] vol. 74, no. 4 (winter 2015).
* Cole, William.  ''The Juvenilia of William Kentridge:  An Unauthorized Catalogue Raisonné''. Sitges: Cole & Contreras, 2016.
* Coumans, Sandra. "Geschichte und Identität. Black Box / Chambre noire von William Kentridge", Regiospectra Verlag Berlin, 2012.
* Edmunds, Paul. "William Kentridge's SANG Retrospective", Artthrob: ''Contemporary Art in South Africa'' 65 (2003).
* Greg Kucera Gallery. [http://www.gregkucera.com/kentridge.htm "William Kentridge"]. 2007.
* {{cite book|last=Kasfir|first=Sidney Littlefield |author-link=Sidney Littlefield Kasfir|title=Contemporary African Art|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryafri00kasf|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-20328-6}}
* Kentridge, William. "Director's Note". In ''[[Ubu and the Truth Commission]]'', by [[Jane Taylor (South Africa)|Jane Taylor]], viii-xv. [[Cape Town]]: University of Cape Town Press, 2007.
* {{cite journal|last1=McCulloch|first1=Samantha|last2=Williams-Wynn|first2=Christopher|title=Conflicts between context and content in ''William Kentridge: Five Themes'': a case study of the Melbourne exhibition|journal=[[Museum Management and Curatorship]]|volume=30|issue=4|year=2015|pages=283–295|issn=0964-7775|doi=10.1080/09647775.2015.1060866|s2cid=142528621|via=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}
* Taylor, Jane. ''Ubu and the Truth Commission''. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press, 2007.

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.kentridge.studio Kentridge Studio - Official site for William Kentridge]
*[https://www.goodman-gallery.com/artists/william-kentridge William Kentridge at Goodman Gallery]
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/metcollects/archive/the-refusal-of-time William Kentridge: The Refusal of Time at The Metropolitan Museum of Art]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101114003324/http://www.davidkrutpublishing.com/artbase/abf-artist.php?artist=1 Artworks] by William Kentridge
*[http://artarchives.net/artarchives/liliantone/tonekentridge.html Interview with William Kentridge], by Lilian Tone
*[http://ec2-79-125-124-178.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com/articles/William-Kentridge-believes-South-Africa-let-Nelson-Mandela-down/31358 William Kentridge believes South Africa let Nelson Mandela down] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021221622/http://ec2-79-125-124-178.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com/articles/William-Kentridge-believes-South-Africa-let-Nelson-Mandela-down/31358 |date=21 October 2017 }}, Interview with William Kentridge, by Flavia Foradini, The Art Newspaper, online edition, 13 Dec 2013
*[http://channel.louisiana.dk/video/william-kentridge-how-we-make-sense-world How We Make Sense of the World. An interview with William Kentridge] Video by [[Louisiana Channel]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141113163302/http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?34 culturebase: William Kentridge]

{{Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kentridge, William}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy]]
[[Category:South African Jews]]
[[Category:South African animators]]
[[Category:Jewish South African artists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:University of the Witwatersrand alumni]]
[[Category:South African contemporary artists]]
[[Category:L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq alumni]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Royal Academy]]
[[Category:21st-century South African male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century South African male artists]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Columbia University people]]
[[Category:Alumni of King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)]]