View source for Pinocchio (1940 film)

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|American animated musical fantasy film}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Pinocchio
| image          = Pinocchio-1940-poster.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = '''Supervising Directors'''{{Plainlist|
* [[Ben Sharpsteen]]
* [[Hamilton Luske]]
}}
'''Sequence Directors'''{{Plainlist|
* Bill Roberts
* [[Norm Ferguson (animator)|Norman Ferguson]]
* [[Jack Kinney]]
* [[Wilfred Jackson]]
* [[T. Hee]]}}
| story          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ted Sears]]
* Otto Englander
* Webb Smith
* William Cottrell
* Joseph Sabo
* [[Erdman Penner]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Pinocchio {{!}} Movie, Disney, Plot, Characters, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pinocchio-film-1940 |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=14 November 2023 |language=en |date=13 October 2023}}</ref>
* [[Aurelius Battaglia]]}}
| based_on       = {{based on|''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]''|[[Carlo Collodi]]}}
| producer       = [[Walt Disney]]
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cliff Edwards]]
* [[Dick Jones (actor)|Dickie Jones]]
* [[Christian Rub]]
* [[Walter Catlett]]
* [[Charles Judels]]
* [[Evelyn Venable]]
* [[Frankie Darro]]
}}
| music          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Leigh Harline]]
* [[Paul Smith (composer)|Paul J. Smith]]
}}
| studio         = [[Walt Disney Productions]]
| distributor    = [[RKO Radio Pictures]]
| released       = {{Film date|1940|02|07|[[Center Theatre (New York City)|Center Theatre]]|1940|2|23|ref1={{sfn|Williams|Denney|2004|page=212}}|ref2=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/5131|title=Pinocchio (1940)|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]|access-date=April 12, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404040519/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/5131|archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref>|United States}}
| runtime        = 88 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $2.6&nbsp;million{{sfn|Barrier|1999|page=266}}
| gross          = $164&nbsp;million<!-- Do not change the figure to the one at Box Office Mojo. The figure is sourced in the re-release section, and BOM has not logged the full gross.  -->
}}
'''''Pinocchio''''' is a 1940 American animated [[Musical film|musical]] [[fantasy film]] produced by [[Walt Disney Productions]] and released by [[RKO Radio Pictures]]. Loosely based on [[Carlo Collodi]]'s 1883 Italian children's novel ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'', it is the studio's second animated feature film, as well as the third animated film overall produced by an American film studio, after Disney's ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' (1937) and [[Fleischer Studios]]' ''[[Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)|Gulliver's Travels]]'' (1939). With the voices of [[Cliff Edwards]], [[Dick Jones (actor)|Dickie Jones]], [[Christian Rub]], [[Walter Catlett]], [[Charles Judels]], [[Evelyn Venable]], and [[Frankie Darro]], the film follows a wooden puppet, [[Pinocchio#Disney version|Pinocchio]], who is created by an old [[wood carving|woodcarver]], [[Geppetto]], and brought to life by a [[Fairy with Turquoise Hair|blue fairy]]. Wishing to become a real boy, Pinocchio must prove himself to be "brave, truthful, and unselfish." Along his journey, Pinocchio encounters several characters representing the temptations and consequences of wrongdoing, as a cricket named [[Jiminy Cricket|Jiminy]], who takes the role of Pinocchio's conscience, attempts to guide him in matters of right and wrong.

The film was adapted by several storyboard artists from Collodi's book. The production was supervised by [[Ben Sharpsteen]] and [[Hamilton Luske]], and the film's sequences were directed by [[Norm Ferguson (animator)|Norman Ferguson]], [[T. Hee]], [[Wilfred Jackson]], [[Jack Kinney]], and Bill Roberts. ''Pinocchio'' was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of effects animation, giving realistic movement to vehicles and machinery as well as natural elements such as rain, water, lightning, smoke, and shadow. After premiering at the [[Center Theatre (New York City)|Center Theatre]] in New York City on February 7, 1940, ''Pinocchio'' was released in theatres on February 23, 1940.

Although it received critical acclaim and became the first animated feature to win a competitive [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] – winning two for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Music, Original Score]] and for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Music, Original Song]] for "[[When You Wish Upon a Star]]" – it was initially a [[box office bomb|commercial failure]], mainly due to [[World War II]] cutting off the European and Asian markets. It eventually made a profit after its 1945 rerelease, and is considered [[List of films considered the best|one of the greatest animated films ever made]], with a [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes|{{RT data|score}} rating]] on the website [[Rotten Tomatoes]]. The film and characters are still prevalent in popular culture, featuring at various [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|Disney parks]] and other forms of entertainment. In 1994, ''Pinocchio'' was added to the United States [[National Film Registry]] for being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."<ref name="NationalFilmRegistry">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/15/movies/25-films-added-to-national-registry.html|title=25 Films Added to National Registry|work=The New York Times|page=C20|date=November 15, 1994|access-date=September 20, 2020}}</ref>

In 2000, a [[Live action|live-action]] made-for-television semi-remake and [[Musical theatre|musical]] film titled ''[[Geppetto (film)|Geppetto]]'', told from Geppetto's perspective, was released via [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. A [[List of Disney live-action adaptations and remakes of Disney animated films|live-action remake]] of the [[Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)|same title]] directed by [[Robert Zemeckis]] was released in 2022 on [[Disney+]].

== Plot ==
<!-- PER WP:FILMPLOT, PLOT SUMMARIES FOR FEATURE FILMS SHOULD BE 400-700 WORDS AND ONLY CONTAIN THE BARE BASICS OF THE PLOT, NOT EVERY DETAIL.-->

In late-19th century [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], [[Jiminy Cricket]] arrives at the shop of a woodworker and toymaker named [[Geppetto]], who creates a [[puppet]] he names [[Pinocchio]]. As he falls asleep, Geppetto wishes upon a star for Pinocchio to be a real boy. Late that night, the [[Fairy with Turquoise Hair|Blue Fairy]] visits the workshop and brings Pinocchio to life, although he remains a puppet. She informs him that if he proves himself to be brave, truthful, and unselfish, he will become a real boy. When Jiminy reveals himself, the Blue Fairy assigns him to be Pinocchio's conscience. Geppetto awakens upon hearing the commotion from Pinocchio falling, and is overjoyed to discover that he is alive and will become a real boy.

The next morning, while walking to school, Pinocchio is led astray by con artist fox [[The Fox and the Cat|Honest John]] and his sidekick [[The Fox and the Cat|Gideon the Cat]]. Honest John convinces him to join [[Stromboli (Pinocchio)|Stromboli]]'s puppet show, despite Jiminy's protestations. Pinocchio becomes Stromboli's star attraction, but when he tries to go home, Stromboli locks him in a bird cage and leaves to tour the world with Pinocchio. After Jiminy unsuccessfully tries to free his friend, the Blue Fairy appears, and an anxious Pinocchio lies about what happened, causing his nose to grow. The Blue Fairy restores his nose and frees Pinocchio when he promises to make amends, but warns him that she can offer no further help.

Meanwhile, [[the Coachman|a mysterious Coachman]] hires Honest John to find disobedient and naughty boys for him to take to [[Land of Toys|Pleasure Island]], a notorious and infamous place. Honest John, despite the legal risks and the Coachman's implication of what happens to the boys, accepts the job out of fear, and finds Pinocchio, persuading him to take a vacation on Pleasure Island. On the way to the island, Pinocchio befriends [[Candlewick (character)|Lampwick]], a delinquent boy. At Pleasure Island, without rules or authority to enforce their activity, Pinocchio, Lampwick, and many other boys soon engage in vices such as vandalism, fighting, smoking and drinking. Jiminy eventually finds Pinocchio in a bar smoking and playing pool with Lampwick, and the two have a falling out after Pinocchio defends Lampwick for his actions. As Jiminy tries leaving Pleasure Island, he discovers that the island hides a horrible curse that transforms the boys into donkeys after making "jackasses" of themselves, and they are sold by the Coachman into slave labor. Pinocchio witnesses Lampwick transform into a donkey, and with Jiminy's help, he flees before he can be fully transformed, though he still has a donkey's ears and tail.

Upon returning home, Pinocchio and Jiminy find Geppetto's workshop deserted, and obtain a letter from the Blue Fairy in the form of a dove, stating that Geppetto had sailed to Pleasure Island in search of Pinocchio. He was swallowed by a gigantic and vicious [[sperm whale]] called [[The Terrible Dogfish|Monstro]] and is now trapped in its belly. Determined to rescue his father, Pinocchio jumps into the [[Mediterranean Sea]] with Jiminy and is soon swallowed by Monstro, where he reunites with Geppetto. Pinocchio devises a scheme to make Monstro sneeze and allow them to escape, but the whale chases them and destroys their raft with his tail. Pinocchio selflessly pulls Geppetto to safety in a cove just as Monstro crashes into it and Pinocchio is killed.

Back at home, Geppetto, Jiminy, Figaro, and Cleo mourn Pinocchio. Having succeeded in proving himself brave, truthful, and unselfish, Pinocchio is revived and turned into a real human boy by the Blue Fairy, much to everyone's joy. As the group celebrates, Jiminy steps outside to thank the Fairy and is rewarded with a solid gold badge that certifies him as an official conscience.

== Voice cast ==
<!-- Please do not link characters. They are already linked above. -->
* [[Dick Jones (actor)|Dick Jones]] as Pinocchio, a wooden [[puppet]] carved by Geppetto and brought to life by the Blue Fairy.
** Jones also voiced Alexander, a boy who is turned into a donkey at Pleasure Island, but still talks.
* [[Cliff Edwards]] as Jiminy Cricket, a [[cricket (insect)|cricket]] who acts as Pinocchio's "conscience" and is the partial narrator of the story.
* [[Christian Rub]] as Geppetto, an elderly [[Wood carving|wood-carver]] and Pinocchio's creator, who wishes for him to become a real boy.
* [[Clarence Nash]] as Figaro, Geppetto's pet cat who is prone to sulk. Cleo, Geppetto's pet goldfish with a habit of being Figaro's counselor, is unvoiced. Figaro and Cleo were original characters not present in the original story, and were added to the script by the Disney team.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cryer|first=Max|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXoMBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|title=The Cat's Out of the Bag: Truth and lies about cats|date=2015-02-01|publisher=Exisle Publishing|isbn=978-1-77559-207-5|pages=134|language=en}}</ref> Nash also voices the rough house statue and makes the braying sounds for the donkeys on Pleasure Island, after the boys have been transformed into them.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.famousfix.com/topic/pinocchio/cast | title=Pinocchio Cast Members List – FamousFix }}</ref>
* [[Walter Catlett]] as "Honest" John Worthington Foulfellow, an [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] [[red fox]] [[Confidence trick|con artist]] who swindles Pinocchio.
** Gideon the Cat, Honest John's mute anthropomorphic [[cat|feline]] partner and sidekick who serves as [[comic relief]]. He was originally intended to be voiced by [[Mel Blanc]], in his second work for Disney until his final work in ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'', but the filmmakers instead went with a mute performance for the character.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> However, Gideon's hiccups were provided by Blanc.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* [[Charles Judels]] as Stromboli, a puppeteer who buys Pinocchio for a miserable amount of money from Honest John & Gideon and intends to force said Pinocchio to perform onstage to make money and use as "firewood" once he gets "too old" to perform. He speaks English with an Italian accent, and curses in Italian gibberish when angry. He is called "[[Romani people in Italy|gypsy]]" by Honest John, likely due to his theatre and caravan always travelling, as well as other names like "rascal" and "faker".
** Judels also voiced the Coachman, the owner and operator of Pleasure Island with a [[Cockney accent]].
* [[Evelyn Venable]] as the Blue Fairy, who brings Pinocchio to life and promises to turn him into a real boy if he proves himself brave, truthful, and selfless. Live-action references for the Blue Fairy were provided by [[Marge Champion]], who served as the live-action reference for the titular heroine in ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]''.
* [[Frankie Darro]] as Lampwick, a boy whom Pinocchio befriends on his way to Pleasure Island and is turned into a donkey for his mischief.
* [[Stuart Buchanan]] as the Carnival Barker, the announcer at Pleasure Island. In a book adaptation of the film, "Barker" is the Coachman's name or alias.
* [[Thurl Ravenscroft]] as Monstro, the sperm whale.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ellis|first=Richard|year=2011|title=The Great Sperm Whale: A Natural History of the Ocean's Most Magnificent and Mysterious Creature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bi-nEAAAQBAJ|publisher=University Press of Kansas|isbn=978-0-700-61772-2|page=225}}</ref> He swallows Pinocchio, Geppetto, Figaro, and Cleo, then tries to kill them after they escape from his belly by making him sneeze.

== Production ==

=== Development ===
In September 1937, during the production of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', animator [[Norm Ferguson (animator)|Norman Ferguson]] brought a translated version of [[Carlo Collodi]]'s 1883 Italian children's novel ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' to the attention of [[Walt Disney]]. After reading the book, "Walt was busting his guts with enthusiasm," as Ferguson later recalled. Disney then commissioned storyboard artist [[Bianca Majolie]] to write a new story outline for the book, but after reading it, he felt her outline was too faithful.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=291}} ''Pinocchio'' was intended to be the studio's third feature, after ''[[Bambi]]'' (1942). However, due to difficulties with ''Bambi'' (adapting the story and animating the animals realistically), Disney announced that ''Bambi'' would be postponed while ''Pinocchio'' would move ahead in production. [[Ben Sharpsteen]] was then re-assigned to supervise the production while [[Jack Kinney]] was given directional reins.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=291}}{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=236}}

=== Writing and design ===
Unlike ''Snow White'', which was a short story that the writers could expand and experiment with, ''Pinocchio'' was based on a novel with a very fixed, although episodic, story. Therefore, the story went through drastic changes before reaching its final incarnation.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite AV media |url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/RdUx1RNoPkA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017080529/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdUx1RNoPkA&app=desktop |title=No Strings Attached: The Making of Pinocchio |location=''Pinocchio'' Platinum Edition |medium=DVD, Blu-Ray |year=2009 |publisher=Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment |archive-date=October 17, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the original novel, Pinocchio is a cold, rude, ungrateful, inhuman brat that often repels sympathy and only learns his lessons the hard way.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=237}} The writers decided to modernize the character and depict him similar to [[Edgar Bergen]]'s dummy [[Charlie McCarthy]],{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=294}} but equally as rambunctious as the puppet in the book. The story was still being developed in the early stages of animation.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=237}}
{{multiple image
  |direction = horizontal
  |align     = right
  |footer    = Early scenes animated by [[Ollie Johnston]] and [[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]] show that Pinocchio's design was exactly like that of a real wooden puppet with a long pointed nose, a peaked cap and bare wooden hands.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
  |image1    = OLLIE1989.jpg
  |width1    = 154
  |alt1      =
  |caption1  =[[Ollie Johnston]]
  |image2    =FrankThomas1974.jpg
  |width2    = 168
  |alt2      =
  |caption2  =[[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]]
}}
Early scenes animated by [[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]] and [[Ollie Johnston]] show that Pinocchio's design was exactly like a real wooden puppet with a long pointed nose, a peaked cap, and bare wooden hands.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=237–238}} Disney, however, was not impressed with the work that was being done on the film. He felt that no one could really sympathize with such a character and called for an immediate halt in production.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=237}}{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=294}} [[Fred Moore (animator)|Fred Moore]] redesigned the character slightly to make him more appealing, but the design still retained a wooden feel.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=238}}

Young and upcoming animator [[Milt Kahl]] felt that Thomas, Johnston, and Moore were "rather obsessed with the idea of this boy being a wooden puppet" and felt that they should "forget that he was a puppet and get a cute little boy; you can always draw the wooden joints and make him a wooden puppet afterwards." Co-supervising director [[Hamilton Luske]] suggested to Kahl that he should demonstrate his beliefs by animating a test sequence.{{sfn|Canemaker|2001|p=137}}

Kahl then showed Disney an animation test scene in which Pinocchio is underwater looking for his father.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=306}} From this scene, Kahl re-envisioned the character by making him look more like a real boy, with a child's [[Tyrolean hat]] and standard cartoon character four-fingered (or three and a thumb) hands with [[Mickey Mouse]]-type gloves.{{sfn|Barrier|2008|pp=140–141}} The only parts of Pinocchio that still looked more or less like a puppet were his arms, legs, and little button wooden nose. Disney embraced Kahl's scene and immediately urged the writers to evolve Pinocchio into a more innocent, naïve, somewhat coy personality reflecting Kahl's design.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=239}}

However, Disney discovered that the new [[Pinocchio]] was too helpless and was far too often led astray by deceiving characters. Therefore, in the summer of 1938, Disney and his story team established the character of the cricket. Originally, the talking cricket was only a minor character whom Pinocchio abruptly killed by squashing with a mallet and who later returned as a ghost. Disney dubbed the cricket "Jiminy", and made him a character who would try to guide Pinocchio into the right decisions.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=305}} Once the character was expanded, he was depicted as a realistic cricket with toothed legs and waving antennae, but Disney wanted something more likable. [[Ward Kimball]] had spent several months animating two sequences—a soup-eating musical number and a bed-building sequence—in ''Snow White'', which was cut from the film due to pacing reasons. Kimball was about to quit when Disney rewarded him for his work by promoting him to the supervising animator of Jiminy Cricket.{{sfn|Canemaker|2001|pp=99–101}} Kimball then conjured up the design for Jiminy Cricket, whom he described as a little man with an egg head and no ears.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=240}} Jiminy "was a cricket because we called him a cricket," Kimball later joked.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=305}}

=== Casting ===
[[File:Jackie Kelk Dick Jones Henry Aldrich circa 1943 1944.JPG|thumb|left| [[Dickie Jones]] (right, as an adult) voices Pinocchio in the film.]]
Due to the huge success of ''Snow White'', Walt Disney wanted more famous voices for ''Pinocchio'', which marked the first time an animated film had used celebrities as voice actors.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=304}} He cast popular singer [[Cliff Edwards]], also known as "Ukulele Ike", as Jiminy Cricket.<ref>{{cite web|first=William |last=Ruhlmann |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/cliff-ukelele-ike-edwards-mn0000153869/biography |title=Cliff "Ukelele ''[sic]'' Ike" Edwards &#124; Biography |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=February 24, 2014}}</ref> Disney rejected the idea of having an adult play Pinocchio and insisted that the character be voiced by a real child. He cast 11-year-old child actor [[Dickie Jones]], who had previously been in [[Frank Capra]]'s ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'' (1939).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/almanac-pinocchio/ |title=Almanac: "Pinocchio" |website=CBS News |date=February 23, 1940 |access-date=February 24, 2014}}</ref> He also cast [[Frankie Darro]] as Lampwick, [[Walter Catlett]] as "Honest" John Foulfellow the Fox, [[Evelyn Venable]] as the Blue Fairy, [[Charles Judels]] as both the villainous Stromboli and the Coachman, and [[Christian Rub]] as Geppetto, whose design was even a caricature of Rub.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=267–268}} Another actor voiced Geppetto originally, but Disney recast him with Rub after feeling that his voice was "too harsh".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beck |first1=Jerry |title=The Animated Movie Guide |date=October 28, 2005 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-56976-222-6 |page=198 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC&dq=%22Christian+Rub%22+actor&pg=PA198 |access-date=September 3, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

Another voice actor recruited was [[Mel Blanc]], best remembered for voicing many of the characters in [[Warner Bros.]] cartoon shorts, including ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' and ''[[Merrie Melodies]]''. Blanc recorded the voice of [[Gideon the Cat]] in sixteen days. However, it was eventually decided that Gideon would be mute, so all of Blanc's recorded dialogue was subsequently deleted except for a solitary hiccup,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blanc |first1=Mel |last2=Bashe |first2=Philip |url=https://archive.org/details/thatsnotallfolks00blan/ |title=That's Not All Folks: My Life in the Golden Age of Cartoons and Radio |page=[https://archive.org/details/thatsnotallfolks00blan/page/60/mode/1up 60] |location=New York |publisher=Warner Books |year=1988 |isbn=0446512443 |via=Internet Archive |url-access=registration}}</ref> which was heard three times in the finished film.

=== Animation ===
{{multiple image
  |direction = vertical
  |align     = right
  |width     = 200
  |footer    =
  |image1    =Jiminy Cricket.png
  |alt1      =
  |caption1  =[[Jiminy Cricket]]
  |image2    =Stromboli in Walt Disney's Pinocchio.png
  |alt2      =
  |caption2  =[[Mangiafuoco#Stromboli (Disney)|Stromboli]], primarily animated by [[Bill Tytla]]
}}
Animation on the film began in January 1938, but work on Pinocchio's animation was discontinued as the writers sought to re-work his characterization and the film's narrative structure. However, animation on the film's supporting characters started in April 1938.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=237–238}} Animation would not resume again with the revised story until September.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=239}}

During the production of the film, story artist [[Joe Grant]] formed a character model department, which would be responsible for building three-dimensional clay models of the characters in the film, known as maquettes. These models were then given to the staff to observe how a character should be drawn from any given angle desired by the artists.{{sfn|Gabler|2006|p=306}} The model makers also built working models of Geppetto's elaborate cuckoo clocks designed by Albert Hurter, as well as Stromboli's gypsy wagon and wooden cage, and the Coachman's carriage. However, owing to the difficulty of animating a realistic moving vehicle, the artists filmed the carriage maquettes on a miniature set using [[stop motion animation]]. Then, each frame of the animation was transferred onto [[Cel|animation cels]] using an early version of a [[Xerox]]. The cels were then painted on the back and overlaid on top of background images with the cels of the characters to create the completed shot on the [[rostrum camera]]. Like ''Snow White'', live-action footage was shot for ''Pinocchio'' with the actors playing the scenes in pantomime, supervised by Luske.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=260–261}} Rather than tracing, which would result in stiff unnatural movement, the animators used the footage as a guide for animation by studying human movement and then incorporating some poses into the animation (though slightly exaggerated).{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=260–261}}

''Pinocchio'' was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of effects animation, led by [[Joshua Meador]]. In contrast to the [[character animators]] who concentrate on the acting of the characters, effects animators create everything that moves other than the characters—vehicles, machinery, and natural effects such as rain, lightning, snow, smoke, shadows and water, as well as the fantasy or science-fiction type effects like the pixie dust of ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' (1953). The influential abstract animator [[Oskar Fischinger]], who mainly worked on ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'' (1940), contributed to the effects animation of the Blue Fairy's wand.{{sfn|Moritz|2004|p=84}} Effects animator Sandy Strother kept a diary about his year-long animation of the water effects, which included splashes, ripples, bubbles, waves, and the illusion of being underwater. To help give depth to the ocean, the animators put more detail into the waves on the water surface in the foreground, and put in less detail as the surface moved further back. After the animation was traced onto cels, the assistant animators would trace it once more with blue and black pencil leads to give the waves a sculptured look.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=262}} To save time and money, the splashes were kept impressionistic. These techniques enabled ''Pinocchio'' to be one of the first animated films to have highly realistic effects animation. Ollie Johnston called it "one of the finest things the studio's ever done, as Frank Thomas said, 'The water looks so real a person can drown in it, and they do.'"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shadowline2000|date=2016-03-26|title=Animation Collection: Original Courvoisier Production Cel Setup of Pinocchio, Geppetto, Figaro, Cleo, and Water Effects Cels from "Pinocchio," 1940|url=http://greganimationart.blogspot.com/2016/03/original-courvoisier-production-cel.html|access-date=2022-01-22|website=Animation Collection}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Pinocchio (soundtrack){{!}}''Pinocchio'' (soundtrack)}}
The songs in ''Pinocchio'' were composed by [[Leigh Harline]] with lyrics by [[Ned Washington]]. Harline and [[Paul Smith (composer)|Paul J. Smith]] composed the [[incidental music]] score.<ref name="allmusic1">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/pinocchio-rca-mw0000308863 |title=Pinocchio [RCA&#93; – Original Soundtrack &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |website=AllMusic |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> The climactic Whale Chase was co-composed by [[Edward H. Plumb]]. The soundtrack was first released on February 9, 1940.<ref name="allmusic1"/> Jiminy Cricket's song, "[[When You Wish Upon A Star]]", became a major hit and is still identified with the film, and later as the [[theme song]] of [[The Walt Disney Company]] itself.{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=134}} The soundtrack won an [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=134}}

== Themes ==
[[File:Pinochio2 1940.jpg|thumb|left|Commentator Nicholas Sammond considers ''Pinocchio'' to be a metaphor for American child rearing in the mid-20th century.]]

M. Keith Booker considers the film to be the most down-to-earth of the Disney animated films despite its theme song and magic, and notes that the film's protagonist has to work to prove his worth, which he remarked seemed "more in line with the ethos of capitalism" than most of the Disney films.{{sfn|Booker|2010|p=11}} Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh believe that the male protagonists of films like ''Pinocchio'' and ''Bambi'' (1942) were purposefully constructed by Disney to appeal to both boys and girls.{{sfn|Mitchell|Reid-Walsh|2008|p=48}} Mark I. Pinsky said that it is "a simple morality tale—cautionary and schematic—ideal for moral instruction, save for some of its darker moments", and noted that the film is a favorite of parents of young children.{{sfn|Pinsky|2004|p=28}}

Nicolas Sammond argues that the film is "an apt metaphor for the metaphysics of midcentury American child-rearing" and that the film is "ultimately an assimilationist fable".{{sfn|Honeyman|2013|p=29}} He considered it to be the central Disney film and the most strongly middle class, intended to relay the message that indulging in "the pleasures of the working class, of vaudeville, or of pool halls and amusement parks, led to a life as a beast of burden". For Sammond, the purpose of ''Pinocchio'' is to help convey to children the "middle-class virtues of deferred gratification, self-denial, thrift, and perseverance, naturalized as the experience of the most average American".{{sfn|Booker|2010|pp=11–12}}

Author and illustrator [[Maurice Sendak]], who saw the film in theaters in 1940, called the film superior to Collodi's novel in its depiction of children and growing up. "The Pinocchio in the film is not the unruly, sulking, vicious, devious (albeit still charming) marionette that Collodi created. Neither is he an innately evil, doomed-to-calamity child of sin. He is, rather, both lovable and loved. Therein lies Disney's triumph. His Pinocchio is a mischievous, innocent and very naive little wooden boy. What makes our anxiety over his fate endurable is a reassuring sense that Pinocchio is loved for himself – and not for what he should or shouldn't be. Disney has corrected a terrible wrong. Pinocchio, he says, is good; his "badness" is only a matter of inexperience," and also that "Pinocchio's wish to be a real boy remains the film's underlying theme, but "becoming a real boy" now signifies the wish to grow up, not the wish to be good."<ref>{{cite news|last=Sendak|first=Maurice|author-link=Maurice Sendak|title= Walt Disney's Triumph – The Art of Pinocchio|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=October 7, 1988|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1988/07/10/walt-disneys-triumph-the-art-of-pinocchio/0f669be4-d61c-4b71-9bc9-e58900c2aa54/}}</ref>

Canadian psychologist [[Jordan Peterson]] has spoken about the film in his lectures extensively, citing it as an example of "the manner in which great mythological and archetypal themes inform and permeate narrative."<ref>{{cite web| title = 2017 Maps of Meaning 02: Marionettes & Individuals (Part 1) | website=[[YouTube]] | date=January 25, 2017 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN2lyN7rM4E&ab_channel=JordanBPeterson}}</ref>

== Home media ==
On July 16, 1985, it was released on VHS, Betamax, CED, and [[LaserDisc]] in North America for the first time as part of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] label, the second title with the Classics label after ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' (1973) which was released the previous December.<ref name=ww/> It would become the best-selling home video title of the year selling 130–150,000 units at $80 each.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=10|date=January 29, 1986|title=Disney Vid Points 'Sword' At March Release Schedule}}</ref> It was re-issued on October 14, 1986 to advertise the home video debut of ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' (1959), this release also helped leave out the preview of ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' from the original 1985 VHS release due to the preview being too dark and scary for kids. Then, for the first time, it was released on VHS in the UK in 1988, 1995, and 2000.<ref name="chicagotribune1985">{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1985/07/12/disney-releases-pinocchio-video/ |title=Disney Releases 'Pinocchio' Video |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=July 12, 1985 |access-date=January 14, 2016}}</ref> The digital restoration that was completed for the 1992 cinema re-issue was released on VHS and Laserdisc on March 26, 1993 and sold 13.5&nbsp;million copies.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stevens|first=Mary|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-03-19-9303200387-story.html|title='Pinocchio' Is The Winner by a Nose|work=Chicago Tribune|date=March 19, 1993|access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|title=International pace-setter|date=October 22, 1993|page=16}}</ref> Its fourth VHS release and first release on [[Walt Disney Home Entertainment#Disney DVD|Disney DVD]] was the 60th Anniversary Edition released on October 25, 1999.<ref name="amazon1">{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Pinocchio-Gold-Classic-Collection-VHS/dp/B00001QGIQ|title=Pinocchio (Gold Classic Collection) [VHS&#93;: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc, Don Brodie, Walter Catlett, Marion Darlington, Frankie Darro, Cliff Edwards, Charles Judels, Patricia Page, Evelyn Venable, Ben Sharpsteen, Bill Roberts, Hamilton Luske, Jack Kinney, Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Aurelius Battaglia, Bill Peet: Movies & TV |website=Amazon.com |date=March 7, 2000 |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> For this version, both releases would now be [[THX]] certified.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-pinocchio-a/156497910/ |title='Pinocchio' a perennial delight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003220828/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-pinocchio-a/156497910/ |date=November 13, 1999 |access-date=October 3, 2024 |archive-date=October 3, 2024 |page=19 |publisher=[[San Francisco Examiner|The San Francisco Examiner]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref>

The film was re-issued on DVD and one final time on VHS as part of the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection release on March 7, 2000.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Imagination+for+a+Lifetime+--+Disney+Titles+All+the+Time%3B+Walt+Disney...-a058460870| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522180912/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Imagination+for+a+Lifetime+--+Disney+Titles+All+the+Time%3B+Walt+Disney...-a058460870|title=Imagination for a Lifetime – Disney Titles All the Time; Walt Disney Home Video Debuts the "Gold Classic Collection"; An Animated Masterpiece Every Month in 2000.|url-status=dead|location=Burbank, California|agency=Business Wire|via=TheFreeLibrary.com|archive-date=May 22, 2018|date=January 6, 2000|access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref> Along the film, the VHS edition also contained a making-of documentary while the DVD had the film's original theatrical trailer as supplemental features.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815083022/http://disney.go.com/disneyvideos/disneygold/pin.html|url=http://disney.go.com/disneyvideos/disneygold/pin.html|title=Pinocchio&nbsp;— Disney Gold Collection|archive-date=August 15, 2000|access-date=September 19, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Gold Classic Collection release was returned to the [[Disney Vault]] on January 31, 2002.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Time+Is+Running+Out+...+Four+of+Disney%27s+Greatest+Animated+Classics...-a082072661|title=Time Is Running Out&nbsp;... Four of Disney's Greatest Animated Classics Are Disappearing into the Vault|date=January 23, 2002|via=TheFreeLibrary.com|agency=[[PR Newswire]]|publisher=Walt Disney Press Release|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315090516/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Time+Is+Running+Out+...+Four+of+Disney%27s+Greatest+Animated+Classics...-a082072661|archive-date=March 15, 2016|access-date=November 22, 2017}}</ref>

A special edition VHS and DVD of the film was released in the United Kingdom on March 3, 2003.<ref>{{cite AV media | people=Sharpsteen, Ben; Luske, Hamilton (supervising directors) | date=March 3, 2003 | title=Pinocchio Special Edition | type=Animated film | location=Lebanon | publisher=Disney}}</ref> The fourth DVD release and first [[Blu-ray Disc]] release (the second Blu-ray in the Walt Disney Platinum Editions series) was the 70th Anniversary Edition released on March 10, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/534089-this-week-on-dvd-and-blu-ray-march-10-2009 |title=This Week On DVD and Blu-ray: March 10, 2009 |last=Brevet |first=Brad |date=March 10, 2009 |website=ComingSoon.net |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> Like the 2008 ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' Blu-ray release, the ''Pinocchio'' Blu-ray package featured a new restoration by [[Lowry Digital]] in a two-disc Blu-ray set, with a bonus DVD version of the film also included.<ref name="dvdempire.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdempire.com/1433163/pinocchio-70th-anniversary-platinum-edition-movie.html |title=Pinocchio: 70th Anniversary – Platinum Edition (DVD 1940) |website=DVD Empire |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> This set returned to the Disney Vault on April 30, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disneydvd.disney.go.com/pinocchio.html |title=Pinocchio &#124; Disney Movies |website=Disneydvd.disney.go.com |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306082736/http://disneydvd.disney.go.com/pinocchio.html |archive-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> A Signature Edition was released on Digital HD on January 10, 2017 and was followed by a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on January 31, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2016/11/d23-pinnochio-is-joining-the-walt-disney-signature-collection-on-january-10/ |title=D23: Pinocchio is joining the Walt Disney Signature Collection on January 10 |first=JeniLynn |last=Knopp |website=Inside the Magic |date=November 19, 2016 |access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohmy.disney.com/news/2016/11/19/breaking-pinocchio-joins-the-walt-disney-signature-collection/ |title=Breaking: Pinocchio To Join the Walt Disney Signature Collection |website=Oh My Disney |date=November 19, 2016 |access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Initial release ===
[[File:Pinocchio title card.png|thumb|right|''Pinocchio'' title card]]

[[Frank Nugent|Frank S. Nugent]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' gave the film five out of five stars, saying "''Pinocchio'' is here at last, is every bit as fine as we had prayed it would be—if not finer—and that it is as gay and clever and delightful a fantasy as any well-behaved youngster or jaded oldster could hope to see."<ref>{{cite news|last=Nugent|first=Frank S.|date=February 8, 1940|title=The Screen in Review; 'Pinocchio,' Walt Disney's Long-Awaited Successor to 'Snow White,' Has Its Premiere at the Center Theatre|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/02/08/archives/the-screen-in-review-pinocchio-walt-disneys-longawaited-successor.html|access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine gave the film a positive review, stating "In craftsmanship and delicacy of drawing and coloring, in the articulation of its dozens of characters, in the greater variety and depth of its photographic effects, it tops the high standard ''Snow White'' set. The charm, humor and loving care with which it treats its inanimate characters puts it in a class by itself."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,763260,00.html |title=Cinema: The New Pictures |magazine=Time |pages=64, 66 |date=February 26, 1940 |access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref>

''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' praised the animation as superior to ''Snow White''{{'}}s writing the "[a]nimation is so smooth that cartoon figures carry impression of real persons and settings rather than drawings to onlooker." In summary, they felt ''Pinocchio'' "will stand on [its] own as a substantial piece of entertainment for young and old, providing attention through its perfection in animation and photographic effects.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/details/variety137-1940-01/page/n337/mode/2up|title=Film Reviews: Pinocchio|work=Variety|page=14|date=January 31, 1940|access-date=September 16, 2020|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' wrote "''Pinocchio'' is entertainment for every one of every age, so completely charming and delightful that there is profound regret when it reaches the final fade-out. Since comparisons will be inevitable, it may as well be said at once that, from a technical standpoint, conception and production, this picture is infinitely superior to ''Snow White''."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/pinocchio-review-movie-1940-1278957/|title='Pinocchio' Screen Triumph; Walt Disney's Masterpiece|work=The Hollywood Reporter|page=3|date=January 30, 1940|access-date=September 16, 2020}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
At first, ''Pinocchio'' was not a box-office success.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=269–273}} The box office returns from the film's initial release were both below ''Snow White's'' unprecedented success and below studio expectations.{{sfn|Thomas|1994|p=161}} Of the film's $2.6&nbsp;million [[negative cost]]—twice the cost of ''Snow White''{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=266}}—Disney only recouped $1&nbsp;million by late 1940, with studio reports of the film's final original box office take varying between $1.4&nbsp;million and $1.9&nbsp;million.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=318, 602}} Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] notes that ''Pinocchio'' returned rentals of less than one million by September 1940, and in its first public annual report, Walt Disney Productions [[Charge-off|charged off]] a $1&nbsp;million loss to the film.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|p=272}} Barrier relays that a 1947 ''Pinocchio'' balance sheet listed total receipts to the studio of $1.4&nbsp;million. This was primarily due to the fact that [[World War II]] and its aftermath had cut off the European and Asian markets overseas, and hindered the international success of ''Pinocchio'' and other Disney releases during the early and mid-1940s.{{sfn|Barrier|1999|pp=269–273, 602}} [[Joe Grant]] recalled Walt Disney being "very, very depressed" about ''Pinocchio's'' initial returns at the box office.{{sfn|Thomas|1994|p=161}} The distributor RKO recorded a loss of $94,000 for the film from worldwide rentals of $3,238,000.<ref name="Jewell">{{cite journal |title=Richard B. Jewell's RKO film grosses, 1929–51: The C. J. Trevlin Ledger: A comment. |journal=[[Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |year=1994 |doi=10.1080/01439689400260041 |via=[[Taylor & Francis]] |last1=Sedgwick |first1=John |pages=51–58 }}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
The film was nominated and won two [[Academy Awards]] in [[13th Academy Awards|1940]] for [[Academy Award for Original Music Score|Best Original Score]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] (for "[[When You Wish Upon a Star]]"), the first Disney film to win either category.{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=134}} <br> To date, only six other Disney films have made this achievement: ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' ([[37th Academy Awards|1964]]), ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' ([[62nd Academy Awards|1989]]), ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' ([[64th Academy Awards|1991]]), ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' ([[65th Academy Awards|1992]]), ''[[The Lion King]]'' ([[67th Academy Awards|1994]]), and ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]]'' ([[68th Academy Awards|1995]]).

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[13th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]
| [[Leigh Harline]], [[Paul Smith (composer)|Paul Smith]], and [[Ned Washington]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1941 |title=The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |access-date=August 12, 2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]]
| "[[When You Wish Upon a Star]]" <br> Music by Leigh Harline; <br> Lyrics by Ned Washington
| {{won}}
|-
| [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards]]
| Most Performed Feature Film Standards
| "When You Wish Upon a Star" <br> Leigh Harline and Ned Washington
| {{won}}
| align="center"|
|-
| [[Hugo Award]]s
| [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation|Best Dramatic Presentation – Short Form]]
| [[Ted Sears]], [[Ben Sharpsteen]], and [[Hamilton Luske]]
| {{won}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1941-retro-hugo-awards/ |publisher=[[Hugo Award]]s |title=1941 Retro-Hugo Awards |date=July 26, 2007 |access-date=November 1, 2008}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Preservation Board]]
| colspan="2"| [[National Film Registry]]
| {{won|Inducted}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/national-film-registry/ |title=National Film Registry |publisher=[[D23 (Disney)|D23]] |access-date=May 29, 2022}}</ref> <br><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=December 16, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| Online Film & Television Association Awards
| colspan="2"| Hall of Fame – Motion Picture
| {{won|Inducted}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oftaawards.com/film-hall-of-fame/film-hall-of-fame-productions/ |title=Film Hall of Fame Productions |publisher=Online Film & Television Association |access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Hall of Fame – Songs
| "When You Wish Upon a Star"
| {{won|Inducted}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oftaawards.com/film-hall-of-fame/film-hall-of-fame-songs/ |title=Film Hall of Fame Inductees: Songs |publisher=Online Film & Television Association |access-date=August 15, 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Reissues ===
With the re-release of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1944 came the tradition of re-releasing Disney films every seven to ten years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=pinocchio.htm |title=Pinocchio (1940) – Release Summary |publisher=Box Office Mojo |access-date=February 14, 2014}}</ref> ''Pinocchio'' was theatrically re-released in 1945, 1954, 1962, 1971, 1978, 1984, and 1992. RKO handled the first two reissues in 1945 and 1954, while Disney itself reissued the film from 1962 on through its [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Distribution]] division. The 1992 re-issue was digitally restored by cleaning and removing scratches from the original negatives one frame at a time, eliminating soundtrack distortions, and revitalizing the color.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hunter|first=Stephen|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1992/06/25/pinocchio-returns-the-restored-print-looks-better-than-the-original/|title='Pinocchio' returns The restored print looks better than the original|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=June 25, 1992|access-date=February 4, 2014|archive-date=February 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221171257/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-06-25/features/1992177211_1_pinocchio-comandini-flaw|url-status=live}}</ref>

Despite its initial struggles at the box office, a series of reissues in the years after World War II proved more successful and allowed the film to turn a profit. By 1973, the film had earned rentals of $13&nbsp;million in the United States and Canada from the initial 1940 release and four reissues.{{Sfn|Wasko|2013|p=137}}<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Variety|date=January 9, 1974|page=23|title=Updated All-Time Film Rental Champs}}</ref> After the 1978 reissue, the rentals had increased to $19.9&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Variety|date=January 11, 1983|page=16|title=All-Time Film Rental Champs}}</ref> from a total gross of $39&nbsp;million.<ref name=mojo>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0032910/?ref_=bo_rl_ti|title=Pinocchio|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=December 20, 2019}}</ref> The 1984 reissue grossed $26.4&nbsp;million in the U.S. and Canada,<ref>{{cite news|last=Harris|first=Kathryn|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-12-fi-344-story.html|title=A Nose for Profit: 'Pinocchio' Release to Test Truth of Video Sales Theory|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 12, 1992|access-date=September 19, 2020}}</ref> bringing its total gross there to $65.4&nbsp;million<ref name=mojo/> and $145&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref name=ww>{{cite magazine|magazine=Variety|date=May 9, 1985|page=1|title=Disney Goes To Vault For Its 'Pinocchio' HV|last=Bierbaum|first=Tom}}</ref> The 1992 reissue grossed $18.9&nbsp;million in the U.S. and Canada bringing ''Pinocchio'''s lifetime gross to $84.3&nbsp;million at the U.S. and Canadian box office.<ref name=mojo/>

=== Modern acclaim ===
On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has [[100% Rotten Tomatoes|a rating of {{RT data|score}}]], with an average rating of {{RT data|average}}.<ref name="Pinocchio 1940">{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pinocchio_1940|title=Pinocchio (1940)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=February 9, 1940 |publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}{{RT data|edit}}</ref> The general consensus of the film on the site is "Ambitious, adventurous, and sometimes frightening, ''Pinocchio'' arguably represents the pinnacle of Disney's collected works – it's beautifully crafted and emotionally resonant.".<ref name="Pinocchio 1940"/> On [[Metacritic]], ''Pinocchio'' has a weighted score of 99 out of 100 based on 17 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". It is currently the highest-rated animated film on the site, as well as the highest-rated Disney animated film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pinocchio (1940)|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/pinocchio-1940|work=Metacritic|access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref>

Many film historians consider this to be the film that most closely approaches technical perfection of all the Disney animated features.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/pinocchio/pinocchio.html |title=Pinocchio – Disney Movies History |date=August 4, 2003 |access-date=February 24, 2014 |website=[[Go.com|Disney.go.com]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030804101353/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/pinocchio/pinocchio.html |archive-date=August 4, 2003}}</ref> Film critic [[Leonard Maltin]] said, "with ''Pinocchio'', Disney reached not only the height of his powers, but the apex of what many critics consider to be the realm of the animated cartoon."<ref>{{cite book|last=Maltin|first=Leonard|chapter=Pinocchio|title=The Disney Films|year=1973|page=37|location=New York|publisher=Crown Publishers|isbn=978-0517177419}}</ref>

In 1994, ''Pinocchio'' was added to the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NationalFilmRegistry" /> Filmmaker [[Terry Gilliam]] selected it as one of the ten best animated films of all time in a 2001 article written for ''[[The Guardian]]''<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|last=Gilliam|first=Terry|title=Terry Gilliam Picks the Ten Best Animated Films of All Time|work=The Guardian|date=April 27, 2001|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/apr/27/culture.features1|access-date=June 15, 2015}}</ref> and in 2005, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named it one of the 100 best films of the last 80 years, and then in June 2011 named it the best animated movie of "The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2011/06/23/the-25-all-time-best-animated-films/slide/pinocchio-1940-2/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022155831/http://entertainment.time.com/2011/06/23/the-25-all-time-best-animated-films/slide/pinocchio-1940-2/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2011|title=Pinocchio|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=June 21, 2011|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref>

In June 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. ''Pinocchio'' was acknowledged as the [[AFI's 10 Top 10|second best film]] in the medium of animation, after ''Snow White''.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|title=AFI's 10 Top 10|date=June 17, 2008|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html|access-date=June 18, 2008}}</ref> It was nominated for the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Movies_Ballot_06|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326155425/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|archive-date=March 26, 2017|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref>
and received further nominations for their [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]]<ref>{{cite web|title=400 Nominees for AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills|url=http://www.listology.com/guardianryoga/list/400-nominees-afis-100-years-100-thrills|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042844/http://www.listology.com/guardianryoga/list/400-nominees-afis-100-years-100-thrills|archive-date=March 5, 2016|access-date=February 4, 2014|publisher=Listology}}</ref> and [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains|Heroes and Villains]] (Stromboli in the villains category) lists.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 20, 2007|title=AFI'S 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623094143/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|archive-date=June 23, 2017|access-date=February 4, 2014|publisher=American Film Institute}}</ref> The song "[[When You Wish Upon A Star]]" ranked number 7 on their [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|100 Songs list]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx|title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS|publisher= American Film Institute|date=June 22, 2004|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> and the film ranked 38th in the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers|100 Cheers]] list.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 20, 2007|title=AFI'S 100 Years... 100 Cheers|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/cheers300.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140706/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/cheers300.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2014|publisher=American Film Institute}}</ref> The quote "A lie keeps growing and growing until it's as plain as the nose on your face" was nominated for the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes|Movie Quotes]] list,<ref>{{cite web|date=June 20, 2007|title=AFI'S 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/quotes400.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412113016/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/quotes400.pdf|archive-date=April 12, 2019|access-date=February 4, 2014|publisher=American Film Institute}}</ref> and the film received further nomination in the [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx|title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS|publisher= American Film Institute|date=September 3, 2006|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref>

On June 29, 2018, ''Pinocchio'' was named the 13th best Disney animated film by [[IGN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/06/29/the-25-best-disney-animated-movies|title=The 25 Best Disney Animated Movies|publisher=IGN|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref> Film critic [[Roger Ebert]], adding it to his list of "Great Movies", wrote that the movie "isn't just a concocted fable or a silly fairy tale, but a narrative with deep archetypal reverberations."<ref>{{cite web |date=November 22, 1998 |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Jordan Peterson |title=Pinocchio movie review |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-pinocchio-1940 |website=RogerEbert.com}}</ref> In November 2024, ''[[IndieWire]]'' listed it first in its ranking of every Walt Disney Animation Studios film. Writer Christian Blauvelt elaborated: "This is not a film you'll ever fully wrap your head around, never 'solve', never stop finding things to wonder at. It's a singular work of depth and ambition, the kind that all artists would aspire to from the core of their being."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Wilson |last2=Blauvelt |first2=Christian |date=2024-11-28 |title=Every Walt Disney Animation Studio Film, Ranked |url=https://www.indiewire.com/lists/best-disney-animated-movies-ranked/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Pinokio magic kingdom.jpg|thumb|right|[[Geppetto#Disney version|Geppetto]] and [[Pinocchio#Disney version|Pinocchio]] at [[Magic Kingdom]]]]
[[File:Pinocchio's village.jpg|thumb|right|Pinocchio's village, [[Disneyland]], inspired by [[Gustaf Tenggren]] paintings]]
After the film, [[Jiminy Cricket]] became an iconic Disney character, making numerous other appearances in a major role, including the film ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]'' (1947), [[List of Jiminy Cricket educational serials|educational serials]] from ''[[The Mickey Mouse Club]]'' (1955–1977), the featurette ''[[Mickey's Christmas Carol]]'' (1983), and the video game ''[[Disney's Villains' Revenge]]'' (1999).

Figaro, Geppetto's kitten, primarily animated by [[Eric Larson]], has been described as a "hit with the audiences", which resulted in him making appearances in several subsequent Disney short films in the 1940s.<ref name="Cryer2015">{{cite book|author=Max Cryer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXoMBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134|title=The Cat's Out of the Bag: Truth and lies about cats|date=1 February 2015|publisher=Exisle Publishing|isbn=978-1-77559-207-5|pages=134–}}</ref> He continues to appear in multiple media, mostly as the pet of [[Minnie Mouse]].

[[Fairy with Turquoise Hair|The Blue Fairy]] is the main character in the prequel novel ''When You Wish Upon a Star'' which is mostly set 40 years prior to the events of the film. It was written by Elizabeth Lim and published on April 4, 2023 as part of Disney's ''[[A Twisted Tale]]'' anthology series. The story details her origins as Chiara Belmagio, a baker's eldest daughter and philanthropist in the small Italian town of Pariva, her complex relationship with her narcissistic younger sister Ilaria and her eventual transformation into a [[fairy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lim |first=Elizabeth |title=When You Wish Upon A Star: A Twisted Tale |date=April 4, 2023 |publisher=Disney-Hyperion |isbn=978-1368077545}}</ref>

Many of ''Pinocchio''{{'}}s characters are [[costumed character]]s at [[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts#Disney resorts|Disney parks]].<ref name="disneyland">{{cite web|url=https://disneyland.disney.go.com/attractions/disneyland/pinocchios-daring-journey/ |title=Pinocchio's Daring Journey &#124; Rides & Attractions &#124; Disneyland Park &#124; Disneyland Resort |publisher=Disneyland.disney.go.com |date=May 25, 1983|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> [[Pinocchio's Daring Journey]] is a popular ride at [[Disneyland|the original Disneyland]],<ref name="disneyland" /> [[Tokyo Disneyland]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tokyodisneyresort.co.jp/tdl/english/7land/fantasy/atrc_pinocchio.html |title=Tokyo Disney Resort |publisher=Tokyodisneyresort.co.jp |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819051421/http://www.tokyodisneyresort.co.jp/tdl/english/7land/fantasy/atrc_pinocchio.html |archive-date=August 19, 2008}}</ref> and [[Disneyland Park (Paris)|Disneyland Park in Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disneylandparis.co.uk/attractions/disneyland-park/les-voyages-de-pinocchio/ |title=Disneyland Paris Rides &#124; Les Voyages de Pinocchio |publisher=Parks.disneylandparis.co.uk |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> Pinocchio Village Haus is a quick service restaurant at [[Walt Disney World]] that serves pizza and macaroni and cheese.<ref name="disney2">{{cite web|url=https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/dining/magic-kingdom/pinocchio-village-haus/ |title=Pinocchio Village Haus &#124; Walt Disney World Resort |publisher=Disneyworld.disney.go.com |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> There are similar quick-service restaurants at the Disneyland parks in [[Disneyland|Anaheim]] and [[Disneyland Park (Paris)|Paris]] as well, with almost identical names.<ref name="disney2" />

''[[Disney on Ice]]'' starring ''Pinocchio'', toured internationally from 1987 to 1992.<ref name="cjonline1">{{cite web|last=Blankenship |first=Bill |url=http://cjonline.com/news/2013-12-01/disney-ice-brings-back-100-years-magic-expocentre |title=Disney on Ice brings back '100 Years of Magic' to Expocentre |publisher=CJOnline.com |date=December 1, 2013 |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> A shorter version of the story is also presented in the current Disney on Ice production "One Hundred Years of Magic".<ref name="cjonline1" />

Like other [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] characters, the characters from ''Pinocchio'' have cameo appearances in the short film ''[[Once Upon a Studio]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reif |first=Alex |date=2023-10-17 |title=Disney's "Once Upon a Studio" – List of Characters in Order of Appearance |url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/disney-entertainment/disneys-once-upon-a-studio-list-of-characters-in-order-of-appearance/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=LaughingPlace.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Cancelled sequel ===
In the mid-2000s, [[Disneytoon Studios]] began development on a [[direct-to-video]] sequel to ''Pinocchio''. Robert Reece co-wrote the film's screenplay, which saw Pinocchio on a "strange journey" for the sake of something dear to him. "It's a story that leads Pinocchio to question why life appears unfair sometimes," said Reece.<ref>{{cite news|last=Armstrong|first=Josh|url=http://animatedviews.com/2013/from-snow-queen-to-pinocchio-ii-robert-reeces-animated-adventures-in-screenwriting/|title=From ''Snow Queen'' to ''Pinocchio II'': Robert Reece's animated adventures in screenwriting|publisher=Animated Views|date=April 22, 2013|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref> [[John Lasseter]] cancelled ''[[List of unproduced Disney animated projects#2007|Pinocchio II]]'' soon after being named Chief Creative Officer of [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/disneytoon-studios-to-be-restructured-and-will-operate-as-a-separate-unit-within-walt-disney-animation-studios-58278982.html |title=DisneyToon Studios to be Restructured and Will Operate as a Separate Unit Within Walt Disney Animation Studios |publisher=Walt Disney Studios |date=June 22, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801043607/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/disneytoon-studios-to-be-restructured-and-will-operate-as-a-separate-unit-within-walt-disney-animation-studios-58278982.html|archive-date=August 1, 2017 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 25, 2021 }}</ref>

===Live-action adaptations===
==== ''Geppetto'' ====
{{main|Geppetto (film){{!}}''Geppetto'' (film)|Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale{{!}}''Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale''}}
A Disney's made-for-television movie titled ''[[Geppetto (TV musical)|Geppetto]]'' was released in 2000. It was based on a book by David Stern, which was a re-telling of the original 1883 original Pinocchio book but told from [[Geppetto]]'s perspective.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtishowspace.com/shows/247/disneys-my-son-pinocchio-geppettos-musical-tale|title=Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale – Share Photos, Videos, Costume, and Sets, Theatrical Advice|website=MTIShowspace|access-date=October 7, 2022|archive-date=November 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107151315/http://www.mtishowspace.com/shows/247/disneys-my-son-pinocchio-geppettos-musical-tale|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SchwartzSon">{{cite web |title=Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale |url=http://www.musicalschwartz.com/disneys-my-son-pinocchio.htm |website=www.musicalschwartz.com}}</ref> While not a direct adaptation of the 1940 animated film, it features few commons elements such as the character of Figaro, the song "[[I've Got No Strings]]", and Pleasure Island. It stars [[Drew Carey]] as Geppetto and [[Seth Adkins]] as Pinocchio, and features music and lyrics by [[Stephen Schwartz (composer)|Stephen Schwartz]].<ref name="SchwartzSon"/>

The movie was in turn adapted into a musical, ''[[Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale]]'', which premiered at The Coterie Theatre, [[Kansas City, Missouri]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coterietheatre.org|title= Home Coterie Theatre}}</ref>

==== 2022 remake ====
{{Main|Pinocchio (2022 live-action film){{!}}''Pinocchio'' (2022 live-action film)}}
A [[Disney Live Action Remakes|live-action adaptation]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2015/04/pinocchio-inspired-live-action-film-being-developed-at-disney-1201406564/|title='Pinocchio'-Inspired Live-Action Pic in the Works at Disney|work=Deadline Hollywood|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=April 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2015 |last=McNary |first=Dave |title=Disney Developing Live-Action 'Pinocchio' Movie |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/pinocchio-live-action-movie-disney-1201468686/ |work=Variety |access-date=June 14, 2020 }}</ref> directed by [[Robert Zemeckis]] who also co-produced and co-written with [[Chris Weitz]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/robert-zemeckis-pinocchio-disney-1203246886/|title=Robert Zemeckis in Talks to Direct Live-Action 'Pinocchio' for Disney (EXCLUSIVE)|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=October 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lrmonline.com/news/disneys-live-action-pinocchio-writer-chris-weitz-says-theyre-still-developing-the-script-exclusive/|title=Disney's Live-Action Pinocchio Writer Chris Weitz Says They're Still Developing The Script (Exclusive)|website=LRM Online|last=Medina|first=Joseph Jammer|date=August 21, 2018|access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|title=Robert Zemeckis Closes Deal To Direct & Co-Write Disney's Live-Action 'Pinocchio'|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/pinocchio-robert-zemeckis-to-direct-1202840440/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> and stars [[Tom Hanks]] as Geppetto, [[Benjamin Evan Ainsworth]] as Pinocchio, [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]] as Jiminy Cricket, [[Cynthia Erivo]] as the Blue Fairy, [[Keegan-Michael Key]] as Honest John, [[Luke Evans]] as the Coachman and [[Lorraine Bracco]] as a new character named Sofia the Seagull.<ref>{{cite web |title='Pinocchio' With Tom Hanks, 'Peter Pan and Wendy' to Skip Theaters for Disney Plus |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/pinocchio-disney-plus-debut-1234850503/ |work=Variety |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=December 10, 2020 |access-date=December 10, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Beauty And The Beast' Star Luke Evans Joins Disney's Tom Hanks 'Pinocchio' Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/pinocchio-disney-movie-luke-evans-joins-cast-1234680924/ |work=Deadline Hollywood |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=January 26, 2021 |access-date=January 26, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Luke Evans on 'The Pembrokeshire Murders' and Why Disney's 'Pinocchio' Remake Will Be Unique |url=https://collider.com/luke-evans-interview-pembrokeshire-murders-pinocchio-gaston-spinoff/ |work=Collider |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=February 16, 2021 |access-date=March 5, 2021 }}</ref> The film was released to the streaming service [[Disney+]] on September 8, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title='Pinocchio': Robert Zemeckis' Live-Action Remake Gets Disney+ Premiere Date, Teaser Trailer |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/pinocchio-robert-zemeckis-live-action-remake-premiere-date-disney-plus-teaser-trailer-1235035761/ |work=Deadline Hollywood |last=Petski |first=Denise |date=May 31, 2022 |access-date=May 31, 2022 }}</ref>

=== In other media ===
The ''[[Silly Symphony (comic strip)|Silly Symphony]]'' Sunday comic strip published an adaptation of ''Pinocchio'' from December 24, 1939 to April 7, 1940. The sequences were scripted by [[Merrill De Maris]] and drawn by Hank Porter.<ref name=IDW-v3>{{cite book |last1=Karp |first1=Hubie |last2=Grant |first2=Bob |last3=De Maris |first3=Merrill |last4=Taliaferro |first4=Al |last5=Porter |first5=Hank |title=Silly Symphonies: The Complete Disney Classics, vol 3 |date=2018 |publisher=IDW Publishing |location=San Diego |isbn=978-1631409882}}</ref>

==== Video games ====
Aside from the Sega [[Sega Genesis|Genesis/Mega Drive]], [[Game Boy]], and [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]] [[Pinocchio (video game)|games based on the animated film]], the characters appear in several Disney video games.

Jiminy Cricket appears as a main character in ''[[Disney's Villains' Revenge]]'', being player's guide during the progress of the game.

In the ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' series, Jiminy Cricket appears acting as a recorder, keeping a journal of the game's progress in ''[[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|Kingdom Hearts]]'', ''[[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]]'', ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', and ''[[Kingdom Hearts III]]''.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Pinocchio, Geppetto and Cleo also appear as characters in ''Kingdom Hearts''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Disneys-Pinocchio-Mega-Drive/dp/B00004TMV9 |title=Disney's Pinocchio (Mega Drive): Amazon.co.uk: PC & Video Games |publisher=Amazon.co.uk |access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> and the inside of Monstro is also featured as one of the worlds.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-3d-dream-drop-distance/Jiminy_Cricket |title=Jiminy Cricket – Kingdom Hearts 3D Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=July 31, 2012|access-date=February 4, 2014}}</ref> Pinocchio's home world was slated to appear in ''[[Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days]]'', but was omitted due to time restrictions, although talk-sprites of Pinocchio, Geppetto, Honest John and Gideon have been revealed.<ref name="kingdom-hearts">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-3d-dream-drop-distance/Prankster%27s_Paradise_%28Riku%29 |title=Prankster's Paradise (Riku) – Kingdom Hearts 3D Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=July 31, 2012 |access-date=February 25, 2014}}</ref> As compensation, this world appears in ''[[Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance]]'', under the name "Prankster's Paradise", with Dream world versions of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket, Geppetto, Monstro and the Blue Fairy appearing.<ref name="kingdom-hearts" />

Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket, Geppetto, Figaro, the Blue Fairy, Honest John and Stromboli appear as playable characters in the video game ''[[Disney Magic Kingdoms]]'', along with some attractions based on locations of the film. Monstro also appeared temporarily as a non-player character for a [[Boss (video games)|Boss Battle]] during the limited time "''Pinocchio'' Event" in which the characters and material related to the film were included. In the game, the characters are involved in new storylines that serve as a continuation of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATC3ipUP4wI&ab_channel=DisneyMagicKingdoms |title=Update 55: Pinocchio {{!}} Livestream|publisher=YouTube|date=December 10, 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[1940 in film]]
* [[List of American films of 1940]]
* [[List of Walt Disney Pictures films]]
* [[List of Disney theatrical animated features]]
* [[List of animated feature films of the 1940s]]
* [[List of highest-grossing animated films]]
* [[List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales]]
* [[List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes]], a film review aggregator website
* [[List of films considered the best]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

"Threads of Melody: Evolution of a Major Film Score" by Ross B. Care in the Library of Congress book, Wonderful Inventions.

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite book|last=Barrier|first=Michael|author-link=Michael Barrier|title=Hollywood Cartoons : American Animation in Its Golden Age: American Animation in Its Golden Age|url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-802079-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Barrier|first=Michael|title=The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney|url=https://archive.org/details/animatedmanlifeo0000barr|url-access=registration|year=2008|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-52-025619-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Beck|first=Jerry|author-link=Jerry Beck|title=The Animated Movie Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC|year=2005|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-1-56976-222-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Booker|first=M. Keith|title=Disney, Pixar, and the Hidden Messages of Children's Films|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jD9_0jxVmqUC&pg=PA11|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37672-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Canemaker|first=John|title=Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxYRAQAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Disney Editions|isbn=978-0786864966}}
* {{cite book|last=Gabler|first=Neal|title=Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination|url=https://archive.org/details/waltdisneytriump0000gabl|url-access=registration|year=2006|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-679-75747-4}}
* {{cite book|last=Honeyman|first=Susan|title=Consuming Agency in Fairy Tales, Childlore, and Folkliterature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlQZQOACowwC&pg=PA29|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-60395-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Claudia|last2=Reid-Walsh|first2=Jacqueline|title=Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers' guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLbZ8Q2PFb8C&pg=PA48|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-33909-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Moritz|first=William|title=Optical Poetry: The Life and Work of Oskar Fischinger|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xuFPa4oL26oC&pg=PA84|year=2004|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-34348-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Pinsky|first=Mark I.|title=The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGtbYTyulb4C&pg=PA28|year=2004|chapter=4|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-23467-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Roberts|first=David|title=British Hit Singles and Albums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fZvPwAACAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Guinness World Records Limited|isbn=978-1-904994-10-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Bob|title=Walt Disney: An American Original|url=https://archive.org/details/waltdisneyameric0000thom|url-access=registration|orig-year=1976|year=1994|location=New York|publisher=Hyperion|isbn=978-0-7857-5515-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Wasko|first=Janet|title=Understanding Disney: The Manufacture of Fantasy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQfk_5oMrCcC|year=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-7456-6904-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Pat|last2=Denney|first2=James|title=How to Be Like Walt: Capturing the Disney Magic Every Day of Your Life|url=https://archive.org/details/howtobelikewalt0000will/mode/2up|url-access=registration|publisher=Health Communications Inc|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7573-0231-2}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Official website|https://movies.disney.com/pinocchio}}
* {{AFI film|5131}}
* {{Mojo title|pinocchio}}
* {{IMDb title|0032910|Pinocchio}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|pinocchio_1940|Pinocchio}}
* {{Metacritic film|title=Pinocchio}}
* {{TCMDb title|86717|Pinocchio}}
* {{cite book|last=Eagan|first=Daniel|chapter=Pinocchio|title=America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry|publisher=[[A & C Black]]|year=2010|isbn=978-0826429773|pages=311–313|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deq3xI8OmCkC}}
* {{cite journal|last=Kaufman|first=J.B.|author-link=J.B. Kaufman|url=https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/pinocchio.pdf|title=''Pinocchio''|journal=[[National Film Registry]]|year=2014}}

{{Disney's Pinocchio}}
{{Pinocchio}}
{{Disney theatrical animated features}}
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}
{{Ben Sharpsteen}}
{{Hamilton Luske}}
{{Wilfred Jackson}}
{{Retro Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation}}
{{Portal bar|Disney|Cartoon|Animation}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pinocchio (1940 film)| ]]
[[Category:1940 animated films]]
[[Category:1940 films]]
[[Category:1940 children's films]]
[[Category:1940s children's animated films]]
[[Category:1940s American animated films]]
[[Category:1940s musical fantasy films]]
[[Category:1940s fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:American animated feature films]]
[[Category:American children's animated adventure films]]
[[Category:American children's animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:American children's animated musical films]]
[[Category:American fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:American musical fantasy films]]
[[Category:Animated films about cats]]
[[Category:Animated films about foxes]]
[[Category:Animated films about friendship]]
[[Category:Animated films about shapeshifting]] <!--Donkey transformations and Pinocchio becoming a real boy-->
[[Category:Animated films set in Italy]]
[[Category:Animated films set in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Animated Pinocchio films]]
[[Category:1940s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films about fairies]]
[[Category:Animated films about wish fulfillment]]
[[Category:Films adapted into comics]]
[[Category:Films directed by Norman Ferguson]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. Hee]]
[[Category:Films directed by Wilfred Jackson]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jack Kinney]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hamilton Luske]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bill Roberts]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ben Sharpsteen]]
[[Category:Films produced by Walt Disney]]
[[Category:Films scored by Leigh Harline]]
[[Category:Films scored by Paul Smith (composer)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Edward H. Plumb]]
[[Category:Films set on fictional islands]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Original Song Academy Award]]
[[Category:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form–winning works]]
[[Category:Rotoscoped films]]
[[Category:United States National Film Registry films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]]
[[Category:Animated films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Disney animated films based on fairy tales]]
[[Category:English-language musical fantasy films]]
[[Category:English-language fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Ted Sears]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Otto Englander]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Webb Smith]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by William Cottrell]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Erdman Penner]]