View source for Percy Crosby

{{short description|American cartoonist}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image         = 
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Percy Lee Crosby
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1891|12|8}}
| birth_place   = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1964|12|8|1891|12|8}}
| death_place   = [[Kings Park, New York]], U.S.
| nationality   = American
| cartoonist    = y
| writer        = y
| artist        = y
| notable works = ''[[Skippy (comic strip)|Skippy]]''
| awards        = 
| website       = {{URL|www.skippy.com}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Gertrude Volz|July 7, 1917|1927|end=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Agnes Dale Locke|April 4, 1929|1939|end=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Carolyn Soper|May 1940}}
}}
}}

'''Percy Lee Crosby'''<ref name=familysearch>[https://familysearch.org/tree/#view=ancestor&person=MPDC-PPW Percy Lee Crosby] at [[FamilySearch.org]]. Retrieved on January 8, 2016.</ref> (December 8, 1891 – December 8, 1964)<ref>[http://www.genealogybank.com/gbnk/ssdi/doc/ssdi/v1:112D0844D88D1090 Percy Crosby], [[Social Security Number]] 229-07-1487, at the [[Social Security Death Index]] via GenealogyBank.com. Source gives December 8, 1891 – December 1964, with no specific date.</ref><ref name="jr">{{cite book |authorlink=Jerry Robinson |last=Robinson |first=Jerry |title=Skippy and Percy Crosby |publisher=[[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]] | location=New York |year=1978 |isbn=0-03-018491-6}} Gives specific death date of December 8.</ref> was an American [[author]], [[illustrator]] and [[cartoonist]] best known for his [[comic strip]] ''[[Skippy (comic strip)|Skippy]]''. Adapted into [[movies]], a [[novel]] and a [[radio show]], Crosby's creation was commemorated on a 1997 [[U.S. Postal Service]] [[Postage stamp|stamp]]. An inspiration for [[Charles Schulz]]'s ''[[Peanuts]]'',<ref name="horn">{{cite book |editor-last=Horn |editor-first=Maurice|editor-link=Maurice Horn|title=100 Years of American Newspaper Comics |publisher=[[Gramercy Books]] | location=New York |year=1996 |isbn=0-517-12447-5 |chapter=''Skippy'' |pages=348–349}}</ref> the strip is regarded by comics historian [[Maurice Horn]] as a "classic... which innovated a number of sophisticated and refined touches used later by Charles Schulz and [[Bill Watterson]]."<ref name="horn" /> Humorist [[Corey Ford]], writing in ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', praised the strip as "America's most important contribution to humor of the century".<ref>Quoted in {{cite book |title=Skippy: A Complete Compilation 1925–1926 |publisher=[[Hyperion Press]] | location=[[Westport, Connecticut]] | year=1977}} {{ISBN|0-88355-629-4}} (hardcover), {{ISBN|978-0-88355-628-3}} ([[softcover]])</ref>

==Early life and career==
Percy Crosby was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]], prior to the 1898 incorporation of the [[five boroughs]] of [[New York City]]. He grew up in [[Richmond Hill, New York|Richmond Hill]], in what would be the borough of [[Queens, New York City|Queens]] but at the time was considered part of [[Long Island]].<ref>Robinson, p. 5</ref> His father, Thomas Francis Crosby, the son of Catholic immigrants from [[County Louth, Ireland]], was an amateur painter who ran an art supply business.<ref name=robinson5-6 /> His mother Frances (née Greene),<ref name=familysearch /> known as Fanny, was of [[English people|English]] and [[Scottish people|Scottish]] descent. Percy had two younger sisters, Ethel and Gladys.<ref name=robinson5-6>Robinson, p. 5-6</ref>

Crosby quit high school during his sophomore year to take a job as an art department office boy at editor [[Theodore Dreiser]]'s magazine ''[[The Delineator]]''. He was quickly promoted to artist, but the job ended after one issue. When he was 17, he sold a drawing to ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' for $6. After delivering sandwiches and working as a magazine salesman, he found a position as an [[editorial cartoonist]] for the [[Socialist]] newspaper the ''New York Daily Call''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcj.com/becoming-percy-crosby/|title=Becoming Percy Crosby|last=Gardner|first=Jared|date=2012-10-03|website=The Comics Journal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203154950/http://www.tcj.com/becoming-percy-crosby/|archive-date=2020-02-03|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref> There he published his first two comic strips, ''Biff'' and ''The Extreme Brothers—Laff and Sy'', but readers became outraged at frivolity in the paper and the strips were pulled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.cjr.org/second_read/not_for_laughs.php|title=Not for Laughs|last=Hajdu|first=David|date=March–April 2011|website=Columbia Journalism Review|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203154312/https://archives.cjr.org/second_read/not_for_laughs.php|archive-date=2020-02-03|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref>
[[File:TheClancyKids-1919-PercyCrosby-singlepanel.jpg|thumb|left|Panel from ''The Clancy Kids'', 1919]]
Crosby next became a sports columnist and illustrator at ''[[The New York Globe]]''. On the side, he produced comics used as occasional filler for the paper. Eventually fired, he entered an [[Con Edison|Edison Company]] contest for the best cartoon on the use of electric light. He won the $75 prize and saw his cartoon appear in every newspaper in New York City. The exposure led to a job at the ''[[New York World]]'', "at the time the promised land for aspiring cartoonists".<ref>Robinson, p. 11</ref> After a few years, he left to freelance, selling cartoons to ''World'' editor John Tennant. In 1916, the [[George Matthew Adams Service]] syndicated Crosby's first feature, the [[daily strip|daily]] and [[Sunday strip]] ''The Clancy Kids'', earning Crosby a respectable $135 a week.<ref name=robinson16>Robinson, p. 16</ref>

While continuing on this first strip, Crosby studied at [[Manhattan]]'s [[Art Students League]] under such instructors as [[George Bridgman]], [[Frank DuMond]], [[Joseph Pennell]] and [[Max Weber (artist)|Max Weber]]. The painter and League president [[Gifford Beal]], recognizing Crosby's talent, invited him to spend the summer in [[Cape Cod]], where Crosby made the acquaintance of [[Edwin Dickinson]], [[Edward Hopper]], [[Eugene O'Neill]] and other habitues of the [[Provincetown, Massachusetts]] artists colony.<ref name=robinson16 /> Back in New York, he fell in love with fellow League student Gertrude Volz, the artist-sculptor daughter of a well-to-do real-estate broker. After being commissioned a second lieutenant in the Officer Reserve Corps in 1916 and being called to active service the following year, serving for a time as a [[jiujitsu]] instructor, he and Volz eloped and were married at the training camp in [[Plattsburgh, New York]], on July 7, 1917.<ref name=robinson17>Robinson, p. 17</ref>

[[File:JudgeMagazine27Dec1924.jpg|thumb|right|Cover art for ''[[Judge (magazine)|Judge]]'', 27 Dec 1924]]

While in training, Crosby created a daily comic panel, ''That Rookie from the Thirteenth Squad'', for the [[McClure Syndicate]], writing and drawing it from the front in France while serving as a [[first lieutenant]] in the 77th Division, AEF. The comic was collected into his first two books, ''That Rookie of the Thirteenth Squad'' (1917) and ''Between Shots'' (1919).<ref>{{cite book |last=Crosby |first=Percy L. |title=Between Shots |url=https://archive.org/details/betweenshot00cros |publisher=Harper & Brothers Publishers |date=1919 |oclc=5704092}}</ref> While at the [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive|Argonne]] front, Crosby was struck by shrapnel in the eye, suffering no permanent damage, and earned the [[Purple Heart]].<ref name=robinson17 />

Following the war, he resumed his studies and syndicated a series of panel cartoons from 1921 to 1925. These covered a variety of subjects, with some series, such as ''Who Cares for the Feelings of a Small Boy'', ''The Local Boy'', ''Back o' the Flats'', ''The Little Girl Who Moved Away'' and ''Send a Poor Child to the Farm'', featuring children, particularly from the slums.<ref>Robinson, pp. 17-18</ref>

== ''Always Belittlin' '' ==
[[File:Alwaysbelittlin10635.jpg|right|thumb|420px|Percy Crosby's [[topper (comic strip)|topper]] strip, ''Always Belittlin''' (October 6, 1935), ran above ''Skippy'']]
One such series, ''Always Belittlin<nowiki>'</nowiki>'', presaged ''[[Skippy (comic strip)|Skippy]]'' with its star, a child with a striped shawl and a bonnet with a black pop-pom, whose thoughts consisted of the text's daily aphorism.<ref>Robinson, p. 18</ref> This series and two others, ''Bugville'' and ''Bug Lugs'', would eventually run as the supplemental [[topper (comic strip)|topper]] feature accompanying the ''Skippy'' Sunday strip.<ref>Robinson, pp. 18-19</ref>

==''Skippy'' (1923–45)==
Crosby concurrently became a prolific contributor to ''Life'', where several of his cartoons featured a child named Timmy, who became the prototype for Skippy Skinner when Crosby pitched art director Frank Casey about a regular feature.<ref name=robinson24>Robinson, p. 24</ref> As Crosby recalled, "I drew up three pages and thought of forty-four<!--spelled out rather than numeral in cited source--> names (among them ''Beanie'' and ''Jumper'')—''Skippy'' last on the list. A minor editor put his oar in and suggested ''Tiny Tim''. I bristled with [sic]<!--phrase is "bristled at"--> such uncalled-for interference, and... the thought flashed through my mind: '[The title] had to be ''Skippy'' and nothing else!'"<ref>Quoted in Robinson, p. 24</ref>

Following a full-page house ad in the March 15, 1923, issue, ''Skippy'' premiered in ''Life'' and quickly became a success. It  became a [[print syndication|syndicated]] comic strip two years later, initially by Johnson Features, Central Press Association and Editors Features Service, before publisher [[William Randolph Hearst]] signed Crosby to his [[King Features Syndicate]]. King distributed its first daily ''Skippy'' on October 7, 1926, and its first Sunday on April 1, 1929. Crosby retained the copyright, a rarity for strip artists of the time.<ref>Robinson, p. 25</ref>

The strip focused on Skippy Skinner, a young boy living in the city. Usually wearing an enormous collar and tie and a floppy checked hat, he was an odd mix of mischief and melancholy who might equally be found stealing from the corner fruit stand, failing to master skates or baseball, complaining about the adult world, or staring sadly at an old relative's grave: "And only last year she gave me a tie."

The popular strip at one point guaranteed Crosby $2,350 a week,<ref name="nash">Archive of Nash, Collin. {{Cite web |url=http://skippy.com/newsday.html |title='Skippy' Mystery - Newsday, Inc |access-date=2007-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040213231226/http://skippy.com/newsday.html |archive-date=2004-02-13 |url-status=bot: unknown }}. ''[[Newsday]]'', November 10, 2002. Site last updated 2004-02-13</ref> an enormous sum at the time. Crosby published a ''Skippy'' novel and other books; there were Skippy dolls, toys and comic books. The comic was adapted as the 1931 movie [[Skippy (1931 movie)|''Skippy'']] by [[Paramount Pictures]]. A hit, it won director [[Norman Taurog]] the [[Academy Award]] for Best Director, and boosted the career of young star [[Jackie Cooper]], who played the title role.

{{MedalTableTop | name = no | medals = 
{{MedalSport | [[Art competitions at the Summer Olympics|Art competitions]] }}
{{MedalCountry | the {{USA}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]] }}
{{MedalSilver | [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932 Los Angeles]] | [[Art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Watercolors and drawings]] }}
}}

From 1928 to 1937, Crosby produced 3,650 ''Skippy'' strips, ten books of fiction, political and philosophical essays, drawings and cartoons, as well as numerous pamphlets, while also mounting a dozen exhibitions in New York City, [[Washington, D.C.]], [[London]], [[Paris]] and [[Rome]] of his oils, watercolors and other paintings and drawings.<ref name="horn" /> With its success, he befriended a pantheon of famed creators, including the author [[Marc Connelly]], the humorist [[Robert Benchley]], ''[[The New Yorker]]'' editor [[Harold Ross]], ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine editor and future [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning playwright [[Robert E. Sherwood]], and the cartoonists and painters [[George McManus]], [[H. T. Webster]] and Guy Hoff.<ref name=robinson76>Robinson, p. 76</ref>

==Personal life==
Crosby's marriage to Gertrude Volz had become strained during the 1920s, and after a few years of legal separation the two were divorced in 1927. She received custody of Patricia, their only child.<ref name=robinson76 /> Crosby later dated the [[torch singer]] and stage-[[Musical theatre|musical]] actress [[Libby Holman]] and became friends with such actresses as [[Colleen Moore]], Elsie James and [[Marilyn Miller]].<ref name=robinson77>Robinson, p. 77</ref> But during this time, making the rounds of [[speakeasies]] and [[night clubs]], Crosby began developing an [[alcoholism|alcohol addiction]].<ref name=robinson77 /> Crosby was a member of several private clubs—the [[The Players (New York City)|Players Club]], the [[Salamagundi Club]], the [[Dutch Treat Club]] and the Coffee House Club at the Hotel Seymour, where he lived, dining with [[George Abbott]], [[Jerome Kern]], [[Ring Lardner]], [[John Barrymore]], [[Rube Goldberg]], [[Heywood Broun]] and [[Frank Crowninshield]]. After nights at these clubs, he sometimes would awaken with no recollection of the previous evening.<ref name=robinson77 />

Regardless, Crosby continued to explore numerous creative realms, writing ''Skippy'' prose vignettes for ''Life'' that led to a ''Skippy'' novel for [[G. P. Putnam's Sons]].<ref>Robinson, p. 78</ref> He fell in love with the secretary assigned to him, [[Vassar College|Vassar]] graduate Agnes Dale Locke, and the two were married on April 4, 1929.<ref>Robinson, pp. 78-79</ref> While on vacation in Europe, Crosby stopped drinking alcohol, becoming a teetotaler for the next seven years.<ref name=robinson79>Robinson, p. 79</ref> Weathering the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|stock market crash]] of that fall, Crosby and his wife moved to [[McLean, Virginia]], where Crosby bought an estate called "The Beeches".<ref name=robinson79 /> They later moved to an even larger estate in the area, "Ridgelawn".<ref name=robinson80>Robinson, p. 80</ref> The couple would have four children: son Percy Jr., nicknamed Skippy,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skippy.com/skippy5.html |title=Percy L. Crosby: His Life and Times (1891–1964) |first=Joan Crosby |last=Tibbetts |publisher=Skippy.com (official site) |page=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911204703/http://skippy.com/skippy5.html |archive-date=2010-09-11 |access-date=2010-02-03 |url-status=live }}</ref> the eldest, and daughters Barbara, Joan, and Carol, who were, respectively two, three and four years younger.<ref name=robinson80 /><ref name=robinson101 /> During this time, Crosby [[patent]]ed a firearm that incorporated a pistol in the stock of a rifle.<ref name=robinson80 /> With his wife and an agent handling his business affairs, Crosby oversaw a ''Skippy'' empire that included a [[radio]] show, three novels, a series of 34 posters for [[Standard Oil]], and the aforesaid movie and a sequel, ''Sooky''.<ref name=robinson81>Robinson, p. 81</ref> To assist him on the ''Skippy'' strip, Crosby hired an old friend, artist Richard Reddy, who continued with him through the end of Crosby's career.<ref name=robinson81 />

In the late 1930s, Crosby began drawing more overtly political and philosophical ''Skippy'' strips. Following his third ''Skippy'' prose-fiction book, the essay collection ''Skippy Rambles'', Crosby began using his writing as primarily a vehicle for his beliefs. His 1931 memoir ''A Cartoonist's Philosophy'' was found to be too polemical for eight publishers, and Crosby published it himself, in a money-losing venture; his future books were all privately published under his own name or Freedom Press, which he founded in 1936.<ref>Robinson, p. 82</ref> ''Life'' dropped him when Crosby agreed to do humorous cartoons only if the magazine agreed to publish his political work as well; the rival magazine ''[[Judge (magazine)|Judge]]'' obliged. Of the nine books and pamphlets published from 1932 on, only ''Sports Drawings'' (1933) and the poetry collection ''Rays'' (1937) were not political or philosophical.<ref name=robinson97>Robinson, p. 97</ref> Speeches, articles and cartoons would appear as paid ads in the ''[[Washington Herald]]'', the ''[[Washington Post]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'' and the ''[[New York Sun]]''.<ref name=robinson97 />

Although he had voted for [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in the 1932 U.S. Presidential election, Crosby opposed Roosevelt's controversial [[Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937]].<ref>https://www.dcdave.com/article5/101003.htm {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> Crosby's vitriolic editorials called the president "crazed for power", and referred to Roosevelt's [[Fireside Chat]]s as "talking from the Moscow room of the Spite House".<ref>Robinson, p. 98</ref> He also fired editorial broadsides at the [[gangster]] [[Al Capone]].<ref>Robinson, p. 99</ref> When the [[Internal Revenue Service]] brought a tax claim against Crosby and his [[corporation]] Skippy, Inc., for more than $67,000 in 1937, Crosby—who fought the decision for years, ultimately unsuccessfully—claimed it was in retaliation for his political writing.<ref>Robinson, p. 100</ref>

The previous year, Crosby had begun drinking again, and his behavior became increasingly erratic. His marriage suffered, and after a violent episode in February 1939, Crosby left for [[Florida]] for two weeks. When he returned, repentant, his family had decamped, and his wife had filed for divorce. He never again saw his children, then aged five to nine. A devastated Crosby moved back to [[Manhattan]] and eventually entered Presbyterian Hospital for an extended stay for exhaustion and an infection.<ref name=robinson101>Robinson, p. 101</ref> There he met nurse Carolyn Soper, whom he took on a first date to the [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939–40 New York World's Fair]]. The two were married in May 1940, and they honeymooned in [[Venice, Florida]].<ref name=robinson102>Robinson, p. 102</ref>

About the same time, a California food packer, Joseph Rosefield, began to sell his newly developed hydrogenated peanut butter, which he labeled "[[Skippy (peanut butter)|Skippy]]" without Crosby's permission.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cronin |first=Brian |url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2009/03/12/comic-book-legends-revealed-198 |title=Comic Legends Revealed |publisher=#198 (column), [[Comic Book Resources]] |date=March 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908213441/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2009/03/12/comic-book-legends-revealed-198/ |archive-date=2010-09-08 |access-date=2009-03-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> Years of expensive litigation followed, which Crosby's heirs have continued into the 2000s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skippy.com/skippy1.html |author=Tibbetts |title=Prologue |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911045906/http://skippy.com/skippy1.html |archive-date=2010-09-11 |access-date=2009-03-18 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Turley |first=Hugh |url=http://www.dcdave.com/article5/090410a.htm |title=A Tale of Two Cartoonists |publisher=Hyattsville Life and Times ([[Hyattsville, Maryland|Hyattsville]], [[Maryland]]), via DCDave.com |date=April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201090723/http://www.dcdave.com/article5/090410a.htm |archive-date=2010-02-01 |access-date=2009-04-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>

His finances dire due to tax claims, the divorce settlement, legal fees, and [[alimony]], Crosby sold Ridgelawn for a fraction of its value; his {{convert|1500|acre|km2|adj=on}} farm and other Virginia real-estate were awarded to his second wife. His beloved strip ''Skippy'' suffered; as his biographer, [[Jerry Robinson]], wrote:
{{blockquote|The occasional diatribes in the ''Skippy'' strip became more frequent, more surreal. Some days were almost solid dialogue. In the past, Crosby had been able to move from one discipline to another—painting, writing, cartooning, and politics. Now, under extreme mental stress, the boundaries became blurred, and one intruded into the other to the detriment of all. … [A]fter long negotiations, Crosby and King Features were unable to agree on a new contract. On December 8, 1945, Crosby's fifty-fourth birthday, ''Skippy'', aged twenty, died.<ref>Robinson, pp. 102-103</ref>}}

==Later years (1945–64)==
In his later years, Crosby's [[alcoholism]] contributed to the cartoonist being unable to find employment. His wife Carolyn returned to work as a nurse and [[dietitian]]. Efforts to revive ''Skippy'' went nowhere.<ref name=robinson103>Robinson p. 103</ref>

In December 1948, Crosby was committed to the psychiatric ward of [[Bellevue Hospital]] after attempting suicide following the death of his mother.<ref name="nash" /><ref name=robinson103 /> In January 1949, he was transferred to the mental ward at [[Kings Park Psychiatric Center|Kings Park Veterans' Hospital]], in [[Kings Park, New York]], where he was declared a [[paranoia|paranoid]] [[Schizophrenia|schizophrenic]].<ref name="nash" /><ref>Robinson, p. 130</ref> His confinement was authorized by Arthur Soper, an uncle of Crosby's wife.<ref name="nash" />

Though he would spend the last 16 years of his life institutionalized, Crosby continued to produce artwork and manuscripts, though no work was published and it is uncertain how much was sent to publishers by the hospital staff, through whom all mail had to be vetted.<ref>Robinson, pp. 130-133</ref> Carolyn, a [[diabetic]] whose workday began at 5:30&nbsp;a.m., was unable to obtain legal counsel or the help of friends to try to secure Crosby's release.<ref>Robinson, p. 133</ref>

Crosby's estranged daughters Barbara and Joan had graduated from [[Vassar College]], and Carol from the [[Rhode Island School of Design]], without having known of their father's whereabouts; son Skip had become a [[geologist]]. Crosby had received infrequent visits from his two sisters, and from his cartoonist friend [[Rube Goldberg]].<ref>Robinson, p. 134</ref> Carolyn, whose failing health had eventually precluded visits, died November 8, 1959.<ref name=robinson135>Robinson, p. 135</ref>

On December 8, 1964, after a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] that had left him in a [[coma]] for months, Crosby died in the asylum on his 73rd birthday. He was buried in [[Long Island National Cemetery|Pine Lawn Veterans' Cemetery]] on [[Long Island]].<ref name="nash" /><ref name=robinson135 />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932 |publisher=Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles, U.S.A. 1932 |year=1933 |pages=748–765 |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1932/1932s.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410231532/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1932/1932s.pdf |archive-date=2008-04-10 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |title=Olympic Art Competition 1932 |work=Olympic Games Museum |author=Wagner, Juergen |url=http://olympic-museum.de/art/1932.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501135344/http://www.olympic-museum.de/art/1932.htm |archive-date=2008-05-01 |url-status=dead |access-date=2016-05-30 }}
* {{cite journal |title=In Search of the Lost Champions of the Olympic Art Contests |last=Kramer |first=Bernhard |journal=Journal of Olympic History |volume=12 |issue=2 |date=May 2004 |pages=29–34 |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv12n2/johv12n2m.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410082301/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv12n2/johv12n2m.pdf |archive-date=2008-04-10 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/cr/percy-crosby-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417231612/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/cr/percy-crosby-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-04-17 |title=Percy Crosby |accessdate=2016-05-29}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Percy Crosby}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Percy Crosby}}
* {{official website|http://www.skippy.com}}
* [http://lambiek.net/artists/c/crosby_p.htm Percy Crosby] at the [[Lambiek Comiclopedia]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111017194853/http://lambiek.net/artists/c/crosby_p.htm Archived] October 18, 2011.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Crosby, Percy}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:American comic strip cartoonists]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists in art competitions]]
[[Category:Olympic competitors in art competitions]]
[[Category:Artists from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:People from Kings Park, New York]]
[[Category:People from Richmond Hill, Queens]]