View source for Norman McLaren

{{Short description|Scottish Canadian animator (1914–1987)}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Norman McLaren
| image              = Norman McLaren drawing on film - 1944.jpg
| caption            = McLaren [[drawn-on-film animation|drawing directly on film]] (1944)
| birth_name         = William Norman McLaren
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1914|04|11}}
| birth_place        = [[Stirling]], Scotland
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|01|27|1914|04|11}}
| death_place        = [[Hudson, Quebec]]
| restingplace       = 
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = Animator, director, producer
| years_active       = 1933–1985
| spouse             = 
| partner            = [[Guy Glover]]
| children           = 
| parents            = 
| website            = 
| awards             = Companion of the [[Order of Canada]]<br>Officer of the Order of Canada<br>Chevalier, [[National Order of Quebec]]<br>[[Prix Albert-Tessier]]<br>Doctor of Laws, [[honorary degree|honoris causa]], [[Concordia University]]<br>Film Awards: See below
| alma_mater         = [[Glasgow School of Art]]
| known_for          = Filmmaking innovation, Founding the animation department of the [[National Film Board of Canada]]
| notable_works      = ''[[Neighbours (1952 film)|Neighbours]]''<br />''[[Rythmetic]]''<br />''[[Pas de deux (film)|Pas de deux]]''<br>''[[Hen Hop]]''<br>''[[Begone Dull Care]]''<br>''[[Blinkity Blank]]''<br>''[[A Chairy Tale]]''<br>''[[Christmas Cracker (film)|Christmas Cracker]]''<br>''[[Synchromy]]''<br>''Lines: Vertical''<br>''Mosaic''<br>''[[Canon (film)|Canon]]''<br>''[[Narcissus (1983 film)|Narcissus]]''
| nationality        = Scottish / Canadian
}}

'''William Norman McLaren''', {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|CQ|size=100%}} LL. D. (11 April 1914 – 27 January 1987) was a Scottish Canadian [[animator]], director and producer known for his work for the [[National Film Board of Canada]] (NFB).<ref name="ros">Rosenthal, Alan. ''The new documentary in action: a casebook in film making''. University of California Press, 1972. 267-8. Print.</ref> He was a pioneer in a number of areas of animation and filmmaking, including [[hand-drawn animation]], [[drawn-on-film animation]], [[visual music]], [[abstract film]], [[pixilation]] and [[graphical sound]].<ref name=Schaffer>{{cite journal|last=Schaffer|first=Bill|title=The Riddle of the Chicken: The Work of Norman McLaren|journal=[[Senses of Cinema]]|year=2005|issue=35|url=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/cteq/norman_mclaren/|access-date=16 March 2011}}</ref><ref name=Clark>{{cite journal|last=Clark|first=Ken|title=Tribute to Norman McLaren|journal=Animator|date=Summer 1987|issue=19|url=http://www.animatormag.com/archive/issue-19/issue-19-page-21/|access-date=20 March 2011|page=2}}</ref> McLaren was also an artist and printmaker, and explored his interest in dance in his films.<ref name="Burant 2022">{{Cite book |last=Burant |first=Jim |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/ottawa-art-and-artists/key-artists/norman-mclaren/ |title=Ottawa Art & Artists: An Illustrated History |publisher=Art Canada Institute |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-4871-0289-0 |location=Toronto |language=English}}</ref>

His films garnered numerous awards, including one [[Academy Awards|Oscar]], one {{lang|fr|[[Palme d'Or]]|italic=no}}, three [[BAFTA Award]]s and six [[Venice Film Festival]] awards.<ref name="Vladimir Kozlov">{{cite news|last=Kozlov|first=Vladimir|title=Movie of the week – Norman McLaren retrospective|newspaper=[[Moscow News]]|date=28 May 2009}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Norman McLaren was born in [[Stirling]], Scotland, on 11 April 1914. He had two older siblings, one brother, Jack and a sister, Sheena.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Norman McLaren : between the frames|author=Dobson, Nichola|isbn=978-1-5013-2879-4|location=New York|oclc=1015372165|date = 25 January 2018}}</ref> At the age of 21, he travelled to Russia for a holiday which confirmed his [[communist]] beliefs, although his father had paid for the trip in hopes of dispelling them.<ref name=":0" />

When McLaren was 22, he left Stirling<ref name=":0" /> and studied set design at the [[Glasgow School of Art]].<ref name="ros" /> While there, he joined the Kinecraft Society; within the society, he began to experiment with different styles and techniques of filmmaking.<ref name=":0" /> It was also at the Glasgow School of Art that McLaren met [[Helen Biggar]], they produced films together outside the School and sought to have their productions released nationally.<ref name=":0" />

His early experiments with film and animation included actually scratching and painting the film stock itself, as he did not have ready access to a camera. One of his earliest extant films, ''Seven Till Five'' (1935), a "day in the life of an art school" was influenced by [[Sergei Eisenstein|Eisenstein]] and displays a strongly formalist attitude.

McLaren's film ''Camera Makes Whoopee'' (1935), was a more elaborate take on the themes explored in ''Seven Till Five'', inspired by his acquisition of a [[Ciné-Kodak]] camera, which enabled him to execute a number of 'trick' shots. McLaren used what would later be called '[[pixilation]]' effects, superimpositions and animation not only to display the staging of an art school ball, but also to tap into the aesthetic sensations supposedly produced by this event.

His two early films won prizes at the [[Scottish Amateur Film Festival]], where fellow Scot and future NFB founder [[John Grierson]] was a judge.<ref name="Faber">{{cite book|author=Liz Faber, Helen Walters|title=Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940|publisher=Laurence King Publishing|pages=1929|isbn=1-85669-346-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6zs-4Db-WUC&q=%22Keep+Your+Mouth+Shut%22+McLaren&pg=RA1-PA1929|year=2003}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== GPO Film Unit ===
Grierson, who was at that time head of the UK [[GPO Film Unit|General Post Office film unit]], saw another of his movies at an amateur film festival and hired McLaren.<ref name="ros" /><ref name="Faber" /><ref name=St-Pierre>{{cite web|last=St-Pierre|first=Marc|title=70 Years of Animation, Part 2 – Norman McLaren|url=http://blog.nfb.ca/2011/12/01/70-years-of-animation-part-2-norman-mclaren/|work=NFB Blog|date=December 2011|publisher=[[National Film Board of Canada]]|access-date=6 December 2011}}</ref> McLaren worked at the GPO from 1936 to 1939, making eight films including ''Defence of Madrid'', ''Book Bargain'' (1937), ''Mony a Pickle'', ''Love on the Wing'' (1938), and ''News for the Navy'' (1938).<ref name=St-Pierre />

=== Solomon Guggenheim Foundation ===
McLaren then moved to [[New York City]] in 1939,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dobson |first1=Nichola |title=Norman McLaren: Between the Frames |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-5013-2881-7 |pages=87 |doi=10.5040/9781501328800-008 }}</ref> just as [[World War II]] was about to begin in Europe. With a grant from the [[Solomon Guggenheim Foundation]], he worked in New York until 1941, making drawn-on-film animated works, including ''[[Boogie-Doodle]]'' (1940), along with ''Dots'', ''Loops'' and ''Stars and Stripes''.<ref name=Ortega>{{cite web|last=Ortega|first=Marcos|title=Norman McLaren: The Master's Edition|work=Experimental Cinema|url=http://www.expcinema.com/site/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=22:norman-mclaren-the-masters-edition&Itemid=100001&tmpl=component&print=1&lang=en|access-date=1 April 2011|date=16 July 2006}}</ref><ref name=Beckerman>{{cite book|last=Beckerman|first=Howard|title=Animation: The Whole Story|publisher=Allworth Press|isbn=978-1-58115-301-9|pages=51–52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjW6cCE4v1QC&q=%22Boogie-Doodle%22&pg=PA52|date=February 2004}}</ref>

=== NFB ===
In 1941, at the invitation of Grierson, McLaren moved to [[Ottawa]] to work for the National Film Board and open an animation studio and to train Canadian animators. Upon his arrival in Canada, he made two films with the American director  [[Mary Ellen Bute]]—''Spook Sport'' and ''Tarantella''. Grierson asked him to direct a promotional film reminding Canadians to mail their Christmas cards early, ''Mail Early'' (1941). He then worked on animated shorts as well as maps for Allied propaganda documentary films, followed by his [[War Bonds]] campaign films: ''V for Victory'' (1941), ''5 for 4'' (1942), ''[[Hen Hop]]'' (1942), ''Dollar Dance'' (1943) and ''Tic Tac Toe'' (1943).<ref name=St-Pierre /> In 1943, he also produced the six-film series of animated French songs, ''Chants Populaire''. In 1944 and 1945, he would do a similar series in English with ''Let's All Sing Together''.

As of 1942, McLaren could no longer keep up with the demands for animation at the fast-growing NFB, and he was asked by Grierson to recruit art students and create a small animation team, a task made more difficult because many young students had gone off to fight in the war. McLaren found recruits for his fledgling animation unit at the [[École des beaux-arts de Montréal]] and the [[Ontario College of Art]], including [[René Jodoin]], [[George Dunning]], [[Jim McKay (animator)|Jim McKay]], [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]] and his future collaborator, [[Evelyn Lambart]]. McLaren trained these emerging animators, who would all work on cartoons, animated cards and propaganda documentaries before going on to make their own films. Studio A, the NFB's first animation studio, formally came into existence as of January 1943, with McLaren as its head.<ref name="ros" /><ref name=St-Pierre />

During his work for the NFB, McLaren made 70 films, including ''[[Begone Dull Care]]'' (1949), ''[[Rythmetic]]'' (1956), ''[[Christmas Cracker (film)|Christmas Cracker]]'' (1963), ''[[Pas de deux (film)|Pas de Deux]]'' (1968),  and the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winning ''[[Neighbours (1952 film)|Neighbours]]'' (1952), which is a brilliant combination of visuals and sound, and has a strong social message against violence and war. McLaren won the [[Short Film Palme d'Or]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] and the [[9th British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA]] Award for Best Animated Film for ''[[Blinkity Blank]]'' (1955), which he later selected as his diploma piece when he was inducted into the [[Royal Canadian Academy of Arts]] in 1974.<ref name="Burant 2022"/>

=== UNESCO ===
In addition to film, McLaren worked with [[UNESCO]] in the 1950s and 1960s on programs to teach film and animation techniques in [[People's Republic of China|China]] and [[India]].<ref name="ros" /> His five part "Animated Motion" shorts, produced in the late 1970s, are an excellent example of instruction on the basics of film animation.

== Legacy ==
McLaren is remembered for his experiments with image and sound as he developed a number of groundbreaking techniques for combining and synchronizing animation with music.

The National Film Board honoured McLaren by naming its [[Montreal]] head office building the Norman McLaren Building. The Montreal borough of [[Saint-Laurent (borough)|Saint-Laurent]], which is home to the NFB, has also honoured McLaren by naming a borough district after him.

In 1979, the new [[Edinburgh Filmhouse]] included two seats dedicated to McLaren and Grierson.<ref name=":0" />

In 2006, McLaren was the subject of a short animated documentary ''[[McLaren's Negatives]]''. Also in 2006, the Film Board marked the 65th anniversary of NFB animation with an international retrospective of McLaren's restored classics and a new DVD box set of his complete works.

In June 2013, the NFB released an iTunes app entitled "McLaren's Workshop," allowing users to create their own films using animation techniques utilized by McLaren and providing access to over fifty of his films.<ref name="Amidi">{{cite news|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/ipad/nfbs-free-mclarens-workshop-ipad-app-is-a-must-download-84008.html|title=NFB's Free McLaren's Workshop iPad App is a Must-Download|last=Amidi|first=Amid|date=7 June 2013|work=[[Cartoon Brew]]|access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref>

In June 2018, [[Robert Lepage]], principal dancer [[Guillaume Côté]] and the [[National Ballet of Canada]] staged a ballet entitled ''Frame by Frame'', based on McLaren's life and work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/stage/2017/02/15/national-ballet-and-robert-lepage-team-on-work-honouring-norman-mclaren.html|title=National Ballet and Robert Lepage team on work honouring Norman McLaren|last=Demara|first=Bruce|date=2017-02-15|website=Toronto Star|access-date=2017-02-23}}</ref>

Filmmaker [[George Lucas]] has cited McLaren as an influence on his own work.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Silberman |first=Steve |title=Life After Darth |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2005/05/lucas-2/ |access-date=2023-10-08 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>

=== Birth centenary events ===
The 100th anniversary of the birth of McLaren was marked by a project entitled "McLaren Wall-to-Wall" in Montreal's [[Quartier des Spectacles]] entertainment district, with short films inspired by McLaren works ''Neighbours'', ''Begone Dull Care'', ''[[Synchromy]]'' and ''Spheres'' projected onto local landmarks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/nfb-invites-artists-celebrate-mclarens-100th/|title=NFB Invites Artists to Celebrate McLaren's 100th|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|date=5 December 2013|work=[[Animation (magazine)|Animation]]|access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref>

McLaren's centenary was also celebrated in Scotland with the McLaren 2014 Programme of screenings, exhibitions, events and animation workshops.  The Programme was conceived of and directed by animator Iain Gardner who also serves as the Animation Programmer for the Edinburgh International Film Festival.  The programme was a key focus within the 68th Edinburgh International Film Festival in June, and ran through to the end of the XX Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in August.  The McLaren 2014 Programme was managed by the Centre for the Moving Image, working in partnership with the National Film Board of Canada, and over 20 partners in Scotland and the UK.<ref name="McGill">{{cite news | url=http://film.list.co.uk/article/59720-mclaren-2014-festival-shines-a-light-on-underappreciated-experimental-filmmaker-norman-mclaren/ | title=McLaren 2014 festival shines a light on underappreciated experimental filmmaker Norman McLaren | work=[[The List (magazine)|The List]] | date=27 March 2014 | access-date=28 March 2014 | author=McGill, Hannah}}</ref>

In April 2014 his only surviving nephew Douglas Biggar (younger son of Sheena) unveiled a blue heritage plaque on his childhood home marking the centenary of his birth.<ref>Wood, Aaron. [https://www.skwigly.co.uk/happy-100th-birthday-norman-mclaren/ “Happy 100th Birthday Norman McLaren!”]. ''Skwigly''. Published April 11th, 2014. Accessed March 7th, 2023.</ref>

==Honours==
In 1968, McLaren was made an Officer of the [[Order of Canada]] and, in 1973,  Companion of the Order of Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Norman McLaren |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-2629 |website=gg.ca |publisher=Governor General of Canada |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

In 1954, the [[Locarno Film Festival]] included a block of programming title ''Homage to Norman McLaren''.<ref>{{cite web |title=8th Locarno Film Festival 1954 |url=https://www.locarnofestival.ch/LFF/about/the-festival/palmares/1954.html |website=locarnofestival.ca |publisher=Locarno Film Festival |access-date=9 March 2023}}</ref>

In 1975, he was presented with the [[Winsor McCay Award]] in recognition of his lifetime contributions to the art of animation.

In 1977, he received an honorary doctorate from [[Concordia University]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Locke |first1=John |title=Honorary degree citation - Norman McLaren |url=https://www.concordia.ca/offices/archives/honorary-degree-recipients/1977/06/norman-mclaren.html |website=concordia.ca |publisher=Concordia University |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

In 1982, he was the first [[English-speaking Quebecker|anglophone]] to receive the [[Prix Albert-Tessier]], given to persons for an outstanding career in Québec cinema.

In 1985, McLaren was named Chevalier of the [[National Order of Quebec]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Norman McLaren |url=https://ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre-en.asp?id=280 |website=ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca |publisher=Ordre national du Quebec |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>

In 1986, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the World Festival of Animated Film – [[Animafest Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://animafest.hr/en/1986/home|title=Animafest Zagreb 1986}}</ref>

In 2009, McLaren's works were added to [[UNESCO]]'s [[Memory of the World Programme]], listing the most significant documentary heritage collections in the world.<ref name="Gazette">{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/movie-guide/Montreal+filmmaker+honoured/1848841/story.html|title=Montreal filmmaker honoured by UN|last=Boswell|first=Randy|date=31 July 2009|work=Montreal Gazette|publisher=Canwest|access-date=2009-08-04}} {{dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
McLaren was gay. His life partner was fellow NFB director [[Guy Glover]], whom he met at the ballet in London in 1937. They remained together until McLaren's death in 1987.<ref name=mcwilliams>{{cite book |title=Creative Process: Norman McLaren |year=1990 |last=McWilliams |first=Donald}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Glassman|first=Marc|title=Norman McLaren: Animation genius created poetry|url=http://playbackonline.ca/2009/08/17/mclaren-20090817/|work=Playback|publisher=Brunico Communications|access-date=29 January 2014|date=17 August 2009}}</ref>

==Filmography==

'''Glasgow School of Art'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Norman McLaren |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba57526fb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720205136/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba57526fb |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2016 |website=bfi.org.uk |publisher=British Film Institute |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>
*''Hand-Painted Abstractions'', 1933 – co-director with Stewart McAllister
*''Seven Till Five'', 1935 - producer, director
*''Camera Makes Whoopee'', Glasgow School of Art 1935 - producer, director
*''Polychrome Phantasy'', Glasgow School of Art 1935 - producer, director
*''Colour Cocktail'', 1935 - producer, director
*''Hell Unlimited'', 1936 - co-producer and co-director with [[Helen Biggar]]

'''GPO Film Unit'''
*''Defence of Madrid'', 1936 - producer, co-director with [[Ivor Montagu]]
*''Book Bargain'', 1937 - director, co-producer with [[Alberto Cavalcanti]]
*''Making a Book'', 1937 - director 
*''A Job in a Million'', [[Evelyn Spice Cherry]] 1937 - editor
*''Love on the Wing'', 1938 - animator, producer, director
*''Mony a Pickle'', 1938 - producer, co-director
*''News for the Navy'', 1938 - producer, director
*''The Obedient Flame'', 1939 - director

'''Independent'''
*''Allegro'', 1939 - director, animator 
*''Rumba'', 1939 - director, animator 
*''Scherzo'', 1939 - producer, director
*''Snakes'', 1940 - producer, director
*''La Perdriole'', 1940 - producer, director
*''Little Negro'', 1940 - producer, director
*''[[NBC]] Valentine's Greeting'', 1940 - animator, producer, director
*''Stars and Stripes'', 1940 - animator, producer, director
*''Dots'', 1940 - animator, producer, director (released 1949)
*''Loops'', 1940 - animator, producer, director (released 1949)
*''[[Boogie-Doodle]]'', 1941 - animator, producer, director 
*''[[Blue Peter]]'', TV series, [[BBC]] 1963 - animator, 2 episodes

'''National Film Board of Canada'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Production Personnel: Norman McLaren |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/production-personnel/?type=liste-fonction&idF=realisateurs&numf=01&alpha=M&idp=11192&idSMF=1&nom=Norman%20McLaren |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=27 February 2023}}</ref>
*''Spook Sport'', 1940 - director, co-producer with [[Mary Ellen Bute]]
*''Tarantella'', [[Mary Ellen Bute]] and Ted Nemeth 1940 - animation 
*''Mail Early'', 1941 - animator, producer, director
*''V is for Victory'', 1941 - animator, producer, director
*''July 4th'', 1941 - producer, director
*''Five for Four'', 1942 - animator, producer, director
*''[[Hen Hop]]'', 1942 - animator, producer, director
*''Barrel Zoom'', 1943 - animator, producer, director
*''En roulant ma boule'', ''Chants populaires No. 1'', Jim MacKay 1943 - producer 
*''Envoyons d'l'avant nos gens'', ''Chants populaires No. 2'', Jean-Paul Ladouceur and [[George Dunning]] 1943 - producer
*''Là-bas sur ces montagnes'', ''Chants populaires No. 3'', Jim MacKay and [[George Dunning]] 1943 - producer
*''Filez, filez, ô mon navire'', ''Chants populaires No. 4'', Jim MacKay and [[George Dunning]] 1943 - producer
*''C'est l'aviron'', ''Chants populaires No. 5'', 1943 - producer, co-animator and co-director with [[Alexandre Alexeieff]]
*''Là-haut sur ces montagnes'', ''Chants populaires No. 6'', 1943 - animator, producer, director
*''Dollar Dance'', 1943 - animator, producer, director
*''Tic Tac Toe'', 1943 - producer
*''Alouette'', 1944 - producer, co-director and co-animator with [[René Jodoin]]
*''A Rainy Day'', 1944 - co-producer with Philip Ragan
*''Keep Your Mouth Shut'', 1944 - producer, director
*''Let's All Sing Together: No. 1'', 1944 - producer
*''Let's All Sing Together: No. 2'', 1944 - producer
*''Let's All Sing Together: No. 3'', 1945 - producer
*''Let's All Sing Together: No. 4'', 1945 - producer
*''Let's All Sing Together: No. 5'', 1945 - producer
*''Let's All Sing Together: No. 6'', 1945 - producer
*''Hoppity Pop'', 1946 - animator, producer, director
*''A Little Phantasy on a 19th-Century Painting'', 1946 - animator, producer, director
*''Story of a Violin'', [[Jacques Bobet]] 1947 - co-animator with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''Fiddle-de-dee'', 1947 - animator, producer, director
*''La poulette grise'', 1947 - animator, producer, director
*''[[Begone Dull Care]]'', 1949 - producer, editor, co-animator and co-director with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''Dots'', 1949 - animator, producer, director
*''Loops'', 1949 - animator, producer, director
*''Over-Dependency'', [[Robert Anderson (filmmaker)|Robert Anderson]] 1949 - animator
*''Now is the Time'', 1951 - animator, director, co-producer with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''Around Is Around'', 1951 - producer, director, co-animator with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''On the Farm - Test'', 1951 - director
*''Pen Point Percussion'', 1951 - director, co-producer with [[Tom Daly (filmmaker)|Tom Daly]]
*''[[Neighbours (1952 film)|Neighbours]]'', 1952 - music, animator, producer, director
*''A Phantasy'', 1952 - animator, producer, director
*''Two Bagatelles'', 1952 - music, animator, producer, co-director with [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]]
*''Twirligig'', 1952 - producer
*''Ballet Adagio'', 1953 - animator, producer, director
*''[[Blinkity Blank]]'', 1955 - animator, producer, director
*''[[Rythmetic]]'', 1956 - producer, co-director and co-animator with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''[[A Chairy Tale]]'', 1957 - producer, co-director with [[Claude Jutra]]
*''Le Merle'', 1958 - producer, director, co-animator with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''The Wonderful World of Jack Paar'', 1959 - titles
*''Mail Early for Christmas'', 1959 - animator, producer, director
*''Serenal'', 1959 - animator, producer, director
*''Short and Suite'', 1959 - director, producer, co-animator with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''Opening Speech'', 1960 - director, producer, animator
*''Lines: Vertical'', 1960 - producer, co-animator and co-director with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''Flicker Film - Test'', 1961 - director
*''[[Times Square]] Animated Lightboard'', 1960 - animator, director
*''New York Lightboard'', 1961 - producer, director
*''Lines: Horizontal'', 1962 - producer, co-animator and co-director with [[Evelyn Lambart]] 
*''[[Christmas Cracker (film)|Christmas Cracker]]'', 1963 - co-director with [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]], [[Gerald Potterton]] and Jeff Hale
*''Seven Surprizes'' - compilation 1963 - co-director with [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]], and [[Claude Jutra]]
*''[[Canon (film)|Canon]]'' - animated film, 1964 - co-producer and co-director with [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]]
*''Mosaic'', 1965 - producer, co-animator and co-director with [[Evelyn Lambart]]
*''Korean Alphabet'', Kim In Tae 1967 - sound
*''[[Pas de deux (film)|Pas de deux]]'', 1968 - producer, director
*''Spheres'', 1969 - co-producer, co-director and co-animator with [[René Jodoin]]
*''[[Synchromy]]'', 1971 - music, visuals, producer, director
*''Ballet Adagio'', 1972 - producer, director
*''Pinscreen'', 1973 - director
*''Animated Motion'', Parts 1-5, 1976-78 - co-director and co-producer with [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]]
*''[[Narcissus (1983 film)|Narcissus]]'', 1983 - director
*''Pas de deux and the Dance of Time'', 1985 - co-director with Francine Viel

==Awards==

'''''Hen Hop''''' (1942)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hen Hop |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10808 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
*World Festival of Film, [[Brussels]]: Special Award, 1949

'''''A Little Phantasy on a 19th-Century Painting''''' (1946)<ref>{{cite web |title=A Little Phantasy on a 19th-century Painting |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10748 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Salerno Film Festival|Salerno Short Film Festival]], [[Salerno]]: Chamber of Commerce of Salerno Cup for Best Avant-garde Film, 1950

'''''Fiddle-de-dee''''' (1947)<ref>{{cite web |title=Fiddle-de-dee |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10503 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Salerno Film Festival|Salerno Short Film Festival]], [[Salerno]], Italy: First Prize, Gulf of Salerno Trophy of the Festival, 1950
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Certificate of Honour, Film Production in General, 1955
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Diploma of Honour, 1957
*World Festival of Film, [[Brussels]]: Special Award, 1949

'''''[[Begone Dull Care]]''''' (1949)<ref>{{cite web |title=Begone Dull Care |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/archive-overview/search.html/s=Begone%20Dull%20Care/o=desc/p=1/rp=5 |website=berlinale.de |publisher=Berlinale |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Begone Dull Care |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10456 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Venice Film Festival]], [[Venice]]: First Prize, Art Films, 1950
* [[2nd Canadian Film Awards]], [[Ottawa]]: Special Award, Experimentation, 1950
* [[Salerno Film Festival|Salerno Short Film Festival]], [[Salerno]]: Honourable Mention, Miscellaneous Film, 1950
* [[Berlin International Film Festival]], [[Berlin]]: Silver Medal, Documentary Short Film, 1951
* [[American Federation of Arts]] and Film Advisory Center Film Festival, [[Woodstock, New York]]: Best Experimental Film, 1952
* Durban International Film Festival, [[Durban]]: First Place, Silver Medal, Experimental, 1954

'''''Dots''''' (1940) and '''''Loops''''' (1940) (released together 1949)<ref>{{cite web |title=Loops |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=65912 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dots |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10540 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[1st Canadian Film Awards]], [[Ottawa]]: Special Award for Experimental Film, 1949
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Diploma of Honour, 1955
* [[Salerno Film Festival|Salerno Short Film Festival]], [[Salerno]]:  Honourable Mention, Miscellaneous Film, 1950

'''''Pen Point Percussion''''' (1951)<ref>{{cite web |title=Pen Point Percussion |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10681 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Venice Film Festival]], [[Venice]]: Honourable Mention, Experimental Films, 1951

'''''Now is the Time''''' (1951)<ref>{{cite web |title=Now is the Time |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=13412 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[4th Canadian Film Awards]], Special Award for Experimental Filmmaking, 1952 (with ''Around Is Around'')

'''''Around Is Around''''' (1951)<ref>{{cite web |title=Around is Around |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=13390 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[BFI London Film Festival]], London: Nominee: Best Animation, 1957
* [[4th Canadian Film Awards]], Special Award for Experimental Filmmaking, 1952 (with ''Now is the Time'')

'''''[[Neighbours (1952 film)|Neighbours]]''''' (1952)<ref>{{cite web |title=Neighbours |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10452 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[25th Academy Awards]], Los Angeles: Oscar for Best Documentary, Short Subject, 1953
* Boston Film Festival, [[Boston]]: Award of Merit, Adult Education, 1953
* [[5th Canadian Film Awards]], [[Montreal]]: Honourable Mention, 1953
* [[Salerno Film Festival|Salerno Short Film Festival]], [[Salerno]]: Gulf of Salerno Grand Trophy, 1954
* [[Yorkton Film Festival]], [[Yorkton]], Saskatchewan: Third Award, Sociology, 1954
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Certificate of Honour, 1955
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Diploma of Honour, 1957
* Golden Gate International Film Festival, San Francisco: Redwood Award for Special Merit, Film as Communication, 1967
* [[Calvin Company|Calvin Workshop Awards]], [[Kansas City, Missouri]]: Notable Film Award, 1968
* [[25th Academy Awards]], Los Angeles: Nominee: Best Live Action, Short Subject, 1953

'''''A Phantasy''''' (1952)<ref>{{cite web |title=A Phantasy |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=65909 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 March 2023}}</ref>
* [[Venice Film Festival]], [[Venice]]: Second Prize, Experimental Films, 1952
* Boston Film Festival, [[Boston]]: First Place, Arts, 1953
* [[5th Canadian Film Awards]], [[Montreal]]: Special Award, Non-Theatrical, 1953

'''''Blinkity Blank''''' (1955)
* [[1955 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], [[Cannes]]: [[Short Film Palme d'Or]], 1955 
*  [[9th British Academy Film Awards]], London: BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film, 1956
* [[Berlin International Film Festival]], [[Berlin]]: Silver Bear, 1955
* Franco-American International Film Festival, Paris: Fourth Prize, 1955
* [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]], [[Edinburgh]]: Diploma of Merit, 1955
* Cape Town International Film Festival, [[Cape Town]]: Certificate of Merit, Documentary, 1955
* Durban International Film Festival, [[Durban]]: Certificate of Merit, Documentary, 1955
* SODRE International Festival of Documentary and Experimental Films, [[Montevideo]], Uruguay: First Honourable Mention, Experimental Films, 1956

'''''[[Rythmetic]]''''' (1956)
* [[6th Berlin International Film Festival]], [[Berlin]]: Silver Bear, Short Films, 1956<ref name="Berlinale 1956">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1956/03_preistr_ger_1956/03_Preistraeger_1956.html |title=6th Berlin International Film Festival: Prize Winners |access-date=2009-12-26 |work=berlinale.de |archive-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015120526/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1956/03_preistr_ger_1956/03_Preistraeger_1956.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]], [[Edinburgh]]: Diploma of Merit, 1956
* Rapallo International Film Festival, [[Rapallo]], Italy: First Prize, Abstract Films, 1957
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Diploma of Honour, 1957
* Chicago Festival of Contemporary Arts, [[University of Illinois Chicago]]: First Prize 1957
* Golden Reel International Film Festival, Film Council of America, New York: Silver Reel Award, Avant-Garde and Experimental, 1957
* Durban International Film Festival, [[Durban]]: Certificate of Merit, 1957
* Johannesburg International Film Festival, [[Johannesburg]]: Certificate of Merit, 1957

'''''[[A Chairy Tale]]''''' (1957)
* [[Venice Film Festival]], [[Venice]]: First Prize, Experimental and Avant-garde, 1957
*[[11th British Academy Film Awards]], London: Special BAFTA Award for “work lying outside the feature and documentary fields”, 1958
* Rapallo International Film Festival, [[Rapallo]], Italy: Second Prize, Experimental, 1958
* [[10th Canadian Film Awards]], [[Toronto]]: Award of Merit, Non-Theatrical, Arts and Experimental, 1958
* [[30th Academy Awards]], Los Angeles: Nominee: Best Live Action Short Subject, 1958

'''''Le Merle''''' (1958) 
* SODRE International Festival of Documentary and Experimental Films, [[Montevideo]], Uruguay: Honourable Mention, 1956
* [[Locarno Festival|Locarno Film Festival]], [[Locarno]], Switzerland: Diploma of Honour, 1958
* World Festival of Film, [[Brussels]]: First Prize for Best Use of Colour, 1958
* Ibero-American-Filipino Documentary Film Contest, [[Bilbao]]: Special Mention, 1959
* International Review of Specialized Cinematography, [[Rome]]: Diploma of Honour, 1959
* American Film and Video Festival, New York: Blue Ribbon, Films as Art, 1960

'''''Short and Suite''''' (1959)
* [[Venice Film Festival]], [[Venice]]: CIDALC Prize, 1959
* [[Bergamo Film Meeting]], [[Bergamo]]: Special Mention, 1959

'''''Serenal''''' (1959)
* Ibero-American-Filipino Documentary Film Contest, [[Bilbao]]: Special Mention, 1959
* Bergamo Film Meeting, [[Bergamo]]: Special Mention, 1959
*[[San Sebastián International Film Festival]], [[San Sebastián]]: Special Mention, 1959

'''''Lines: Vertical''''' (1960)<ref>{{cite web |title=Lines: Vertical |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10457 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Venice Film Festival]], [[Venice]]: First Prize, Experimental, 1960
* [[BFI London Film Festival]], London: Outstanding Film of the Year for Presentation, 1960
* [[Edinburgh International Film Festival]], [[Edinburgh]]: Diploma of Merit, 1960
* CIDALC Festival of Music and Dance in Film, [[Valencia]]: First Prize, 1961
* [[13th Canadian Film Awards]], [[Toronto]]: Best Film, Arts and Experimental, 1961

'''''New York Lightboard''''' (1961)
* Festival of Tourist and Folklore Films, [[Brussels]]: Special Jury Prize for Originality, 1961

'''''[[Christmas Cracker (film)|Christmas Cracker]]''''' (1963)
* Golden Gate International Film Festival, San Francisco: First Prize, Best Animated Short, 1964
* Electronic, Nuclear and Teleradio Cinematographic Review, Rome: Grand Prize for Technique, Films for Children, 1965
* Electronic, Nuclear and Teleradio Cinematographic Review, Rome: Grand Prize for Animation Technique, 1965
* Film Centrum Foundation Film Show, [[Naarden]], Netherlands: Silver Squirrel, Second Prize 1966
* Philadelphia International Festival of Short Films, [[Philadelphia]]: Award of Exceptional Merit, 1967
* Landers Associates Annual Awards, Los Angeles: Award of Merit, 1965
* [[37th Academy Awards]], Los Angeles: Nominee: Best Short Subject – Cartoons, 1965

'''''[[Canon (film)|Canon]]''''' (1964)<ref>{{cite web |title=Canon |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=68215 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Montreal International Film Festival]], [[Montreal]]: First Prize, Best Animated Film, 1965
* [[3rd International Film Festival of India]], [[New Delhi]]: Bronze Peacock, Second Prize, 1965
* [[17th Canadian Film Awards]], [[Toronto]]: Genie Award for Best Film, Arts and Experimental, 1965

'''''Mosaic''''' (1965)<ref>{{cite web |title=Mosaic |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=10561 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Vancouver International Film Festival]], [[Vancouver]]: Certificate of Merit, 1965
* FIBA International Festival of Buenos Aires, [[Buenos Aires]]: First Prize, 1966
* [[Melbourne International Film Festival|Melbourne Film Festival]], [[Melbourne]]: First Prize, 1966
* American Film and Video Festival, New York: Blue Ribbon, 1966
* [[Calvin Company|Calvin Workshop Awards]], [[Kansas City, Missouri]]: Notable Film Award, 1966

'''''[[Pas de deux (film)|Pas de deux]]''''' (1968)
* [[22nd British Academy Film Awards]], London: BAFTA Award for Best Short Animation, 1969<ref name=pdd>{{cite web |url=http://www.nfb.ca/trouverunfilm/fichefilm.php?id=10470&v=h&lg=en&exp=11192 |title=NFB – Collection – Pas de deux |access-date=24 December 2005 |archive-date=8 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708200336/http://www.nfb.ca/trouverunfilm/fichefilm.php?id=10470&v=h&lg=en&exp=11192 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[BFI London Film Festival]], London: Outstanding Film of the Year, 1968
* [[Chicago International Film Festival]], Chicago: Special Plaque of the Jury, 1968 
* [[20th Canadian Film Awards]], [[Toronto]]: Special Prize for Outstanding Artistic Achievement, 1968
* FIBA International Festival of Buenos Aires, [[Buenos Aires]]: Silver Cabildo for the Most Original Film, 1968
* Cambodia International Film Festival, [[Phnom Penh]]: First Prize, Short Film, 1968
* [[Locarno Festival|Locarno Film Festival]], [[Locarno]], Switzerland: Diploma of Honour, 1968
* [[Melbourne International Film Festival]], [[Melbourne]]: Grand Prize, Short Subject, 1969
* Film Critics and Journalists Association of Ceylon, [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka: Golden Plaque, Short Film, 1969
* International Film Festival of Ballet, [[Nervi]]: Silver Orchid Award, 1969
* [[Yorkton Film Festival]], [[Yorkton]], Saskatchewan: First Place, Creative Art, 1969
* Colombo International Film Festival, [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka: Honourable Mention, Short Film, 1969
* [[Salerno Film Festival|Salerno Short Film Festival]], [[Salerno]], Italy: Trophy of the Festival, 1970
* Panama International Film Festival, [[Panama City]], Panama: Award for Best Short Film, 1970
* International Festival of Short Films, [[Philadelphia]]: Top Film of the Festival, 1971
* American Film and Video Festival, New York: Blue Ribbon, 1970
* American Film and Video Festival, New York: Emily Award, 1970
* Festival of Music and Dance, [[Menton]]: Prize of the Secretary of State to the Prime Minister in charge of Youth, Sports and Leisure, 1971
* [[41st Academy Awards]], Los Angeles: Nominee (as ''Duo''): Best Live Action Short Subject, 1969

'''''Spheres''''' (1969)
* International Festival of Experimental and Documentary Films, [[Córdoba, Argentina]]: Special Mention, Experimental, 1970

'''''Synchronomy''''' (1971)
* International Week of Cinema in Colour, [[Barcelona]]: Gold Medal, 1971
* [[Annecy International Animation Film Festival]], [[Annecy]]: Special Jury Mention, Short Films, 1971
* Philadelphia International Festival of Short Films, [[Philadelphia]]: Award of Exceptional Merit, 1971
* FIBA International Festival of Buenos Aires, [[Buenos Aires]]: Cabildo de Plata for Most Original Film, 1972
* [[Melbourne International Film Festival|Melbourne Film Festival]], [[Melbourne]]: Silver Boomerang, 1972
* American Film and Video Festival, New York: Blue Ribbon, Experimental, 1972
* Rockville Film Festival, [[Rockville, Maryland]]: Certificate of Honour, 1972

'''''Ballet Adagio''''' (1972)
* [[Atlanta Film Festival]]: Silver Medal, Live Action Short, 1973
* [[Columbus International Film & Animation Festival]], [[Columbus, Ohio]]: Bronze Plaque, Art and Culture, 1973
* [[Melbourne International Film Festival]], [[Melbourne]]: Diploma of Merit, 1973
* Tisquesusa Dorado International Festival of Short Films, [[Bogotá]]: First Prize, Artistic Field, 1980

'''''Animated Motion''''' (1976)<ref>{{cite web |title=Animated Motion |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=13104 |website=onf-nfb.gc.ca |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref> 
* Athens International Film/Video Festival, [[Athens, Georgia]]: Special Merit Award, 1978

'''''[[Narcissus (1983 film)|Narcissus]]''''' (1983)
* [[International Film Festival of India]], [[New Delhi]]: Golden Peacock for Best Short Film of the Festival, 1984
* Dance on Camera Festival, New York: Gold Star Award, 1984
* [[Yorkton Film Festival]], [[Yorkton]]: Golden Sheaf for Best Experimental Film, 1984
* American Film and Video Festival, New York: Honorable Mention, Visual Essays, 1984
* [[Columbus International Film & Animation Festival]], [[Columbus, Ohio]]: Honorable Mention, 1984
* Cartagena International Film Festival, [[Region of Murcia|Murcia]], Spain: Special Mention 1985
* International Romantic Film Festival, [[Divonne-les-Bains]]: First Prize/Madame de Stael Prize, 1985

== See also ==
* [[The Critic (1963 film)]]
* [[René Jodoin]]
* [[Motion graphics]]
* [[Steven Woloshen]]
* [[Evelyn Lambart]]
* [[Grant Munro (filmmaker)|Grant Munro]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Burant, Jim. ''[https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/ottawa-art-and-artists/ Ottawa Art & Artists: An Illustrated History.]'' Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2022. {{ISBN|978-1-4871-0289-0}}
* Dominique Chateau, "Norman McLaren : pensée-cinéma et cinéplastique", ''Nouvelles Vues'', issue 17, winter-spring 2016 : https://web.archive.org/web/20160809181327/http://www.nouvellesvues.ulaval.ca/no-17-hiver-2016-cinema-et-philosophie-par-s-santini-et-p-a-fradet/articles/norman-mclaren-pensee-cinema-et-cineplastique-par-dominique-chateau/
* [[Raphaël Bassan]], "Norman McLaren : le silence de Prométhée", in Les Cahiers de Paris expérimental, no 17 (in French) (2004)*
* [[Olivier Cotte]] (2007) ''Secrets of Oscar-winning animation: Behind the scenes of 13 classic short animations.'' (Making of ''[[Neighbours (1952 film)|Neighbours]]'') Focal Press. {{ISBN|978-0-240-52070-4}}
* Alfio Bastiancich, "Norman McLaren: Précurseur des Nouvelles Images", Dreamland èditeur, Paris (1997) (in French) {{ISBN|2-910027-07-4}}
* Rogers, Holly and Jeremy Barham: ''The Music and Sound of Experimental Film,'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
* Burant, Jim. ''[https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/ottawa-art-and-artists/ Ottawa Art & Artists: An Illustrated History.]'' Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2022. ISBN 978-1-4871-0289-0

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=0572235|name=Norman McLaren}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-R_Z0rOrYnI&list=PLTTmFQYqzvXJtYCuix85_P9fy3ORPoHzs NFB YouTube official channel]
* [https://www.nfb.ca/directors/norman-mclaren/ Films of Norman McLaren] at the [[National Film Board of Canada]] website
* [http://www.nfb.ca/playlists/donald_mcwilliams/mclaren/ ''Norman McLaren: Hands-on Animation''] and  [http://www.nfb.ca/film/creative_process_norman_mclaren/ ''Creative Process: Norman McLaren'']  at the [[National Film Board of Canada]] website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102802/http://www.filmreferencelibrary.ca/index.asp?layid=46&csid1=47&navid=87 Canadian Film Encyclopedia]
* [https://archive.today/20070311112044/http://www.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2177 Order of Canada Citation]
* [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/446775/ Norman McLaren on screenonline]
* {{Official website|1=https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/mclarens-workshop/id622560819?l=en&mt=8&ign-mpt=uo%3D2|name=McLaren's Workshop (iTunes preview page)}}
* [http://libguides.stir.ac.uk/archives/mclaren Norman McLaren Archive at the University of Stirling Archive]

{{Norman McLaren}}
{{Winsor McCay Award 1970s}}
{{Modernism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mclaren, Norman}}
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