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{{Short description|Indian comics artist and writer (1925–2022)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image         = Narayan Debnath in work room (cropped).jpg
| caption       = Debnath in 2013
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = {{birth-date|1925}}
| birth_place   = ([[Shibpur]]) [[Howrah]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date    = {{death date and age|df=y|2022|1|18|1925|11|25}}
| death_place   = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| nationality   = Indian
| cartoonist    = y
| write         = y
| art           = y
| pencil        = y
| ink           = y
| area          = [[West Bengal]], India
| publish       = 
| letter        = 
| color         = 
| alias         = 
| signature     = 
| signature_alt = 
| notable works = [[Bantul the Great]], [[Handa Bhonda]], [[Nonte Fonte]]
| awards        = President's Special Recognition Award (2007), [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi]] (2013), [[Banga Bibhushan]] (2013), [[D. Litt.]] by [[Rabindra Bharati University]] (2015), [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Shri riband]] [[Padma Shri]] by Government of India (2021)
| website       = 
|children=2|spouse=Tara Debnath}}

'''Narayan Debnath''' (25 November 1925 – 18 January 2022) was an Indian [[comics artist]], [[writer]] and [[illustrator]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Narayan Debnath, the cartoonist who never underestimated children |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/narayan-debnath-obituary-7730108/ |work=The Indian Express |date=19 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He created the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] comic strips ''[[Handa Bhonda]]'' (1962), ''[[Bantul the Great]]'' (1965) and ''[[Nonte Phonte]]'' (1969). He holds the record of longest running comics by an individual artiste for ''Handa Bhonda'' comics series which completed its continuous 53 years of running. He was the first and only comics artist in India who has received a [[D. Litt.]] degree.<ref>{{cite news |title=Remembering Narayan Debnath, the illustrator who gave Bengal its first superhero 'Bantul' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/narayan-debnath-illustrator-bengal-comics-cartoons-superhero-bantul-legacy-death-magazines-7729951/ |access-date=21 January 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Debnath was awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award in India, in the year 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Handa Bhonda' & 'Bantul The Great' creator Narayan Debnath passes away at 97|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/handa-bhonda-bantul-the-great-creator-narayan-debnath-passes-away-at-96/articleshow/88969361.cms|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>

His other creations like ''Rabi Chobi'' was published to celebrate the birth centenary of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in the May 1961 issue of the weekly magazine called ''[[Anandamela]]''. The full length 50-page comics were first published in the book format by ''Sarvodaya Sahitya Prakashan'', Varanasi. ''Rajar Raja'' (was published in 1962), it was illustrated by Narayan Debnath and written by Bimal Ghosh to celebrate the birth centenary of [[Swami Vivekananda]].

==Early life==
[[File:Narayan Debnath in his study.JPG|thumb|Narayan Debnath in his study.]]
Narayan Debnath was born and spent most of his life living in [[Shibpur]], [[Howrah]], India. His family hailed from [[Bikrampur]] in what is now [[Bangladesh]] but had migrated to [[Shibpur]] before his birth. In an interview published by Laalmati Publication in ''Narayan Debnath Comics Samagra'', Debnath confessed that he was interested in visual arts from a very early age. The family business was retailing gold and he had ample scope to design patterns for jewellery. During the time of [[World War II]], Debnath would study [[fine arts]] at the Indian Art College for five years. He did not continue to get his degree but instead discontinued in his final year.<ref>{{cite web|last=সংবাদদাতা|first=নিজস্ব|title=Narayan Debnath Death: নারায়ণ দেবনাথ প্রয়াত, রেখে গেলেন হাঁদা, ভোঁদা, বাঁটুল, নন্টে, ফন্টে, কেল্টুদের|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/narayan-debnath-the-legendary-bengali-comics-creator-passes-away-dgtl/cid/1324197|access-date=18 January 2022|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> For the next few years he freelanced for advertising agencies creating movie slides and logos. Debnath recounts in ''[[Narayan Debnath Comics Samagra, Vol. 2]]'' that on the day of his wedding [[Gandhi]] was assassinated, which caused much inconvenience to the guests. The four volumes of ''Narayan Debnath Comics Samagra'' provide rich information about the life of the author.<ref>{{cite web|last=খান|first=আর্যভট্ট|title=আজও বাঙালি হৃদয়কে মাতিয়ে রেখেছে ৫০ বছরের এই দুই কিশোর|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/feature-on-famous-cartoonist-narayan-debnath-as-his-popular-comic-strips-complete-50-years-1.1112888|access-date=13 December 2021|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>

In 1950 he was introduced to Dev Sahitya Kutir, a major publishing house through a friend. People such as Pratul Chandra Banerjee, Shailo Chakraborty, Balaibandhu Roy, and Purnachandra Chakraborti were associated with the press at the time. From 1950 to 1961 he illustrated a number of children's books including adventure novels and Western classics in translation. His journey in comics started in 1962 with 'Handa-Bhonda' in ''Shuktara''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Devarsi |title=Meet Narayan Debnath, the grandfather of Bengali comics for six decades |url=https://scroll.in/article/934297/meet-narayan-debnath-the-grandfather-of-bengali-comics-for-six-decades |work=Scroll.in |date=29 September 2019}}</ref>

He began as a freelancing comics-artist and soon went for comics on his own . However, when still a struggling freelancer, he was instructed by the publisher to adopt 'well accepted foreign comics' to make comics for their magazine(s) to get easy business.

==Introduction to comics==
His works in comics in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] came from the editors at Dev Sahitya Kutir. Also the name 'Handa Bhonda' was their suggestion. Debnath had been familiar with foreign comics, but comics in Bengal, to his belief, had yet to take off. 'Shiyal Pandit', a comic strip created by Pratul Chandra Lahiri for the [[Jugantar]] newspaper was one of the earliest ones. ''Handa-Bhonda'' became an instant success and continues to be printed in ''Shuktara'' every month . ''Handa-Bhonda'' was initially penciled and inked by Debnath and had no coloured frames. Later it would be printed in the grey-scale.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 January 2022|title=নন্টেফন্টে-হাঁদাভোদা-বাঁটুলকে রেখে চলে গেলেন স্রষ্টা, প্রয়াত নারায়ণ দেবনাথ|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/narayan-debnath-passes-away-due-to-cardiac-arrest-rc-722094.html|access-date=18 January 2022|website=News18 Bengali|language=bn}}</ref>

Narayan Debnath's first comic characters in color were for the comic strip and book '[[Bantul The Great]]'. By Debnath's admission, he thought up the idea of the superhero while returning from [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street, Calcutta]]. The name came to him instantly and he thought up the figure of the protagonist rapidly. ''Batul the Great'', written and illustrated with red and black ink made his first appearance in comic strips in the May–June (Bengali Baishak), 1965 issue of the monthly children's periodical called Shuktara, published by Dev Sahitya Kutir (henceforth DSK) publishing house. This character has similarities with [[Desperate Dan]]. Apart from ''Batul the Great'', Debnath also illustrated ''Rabi Chobi'' (1961), written by Bimal Ghosh about the childhood days of Rabindranath Tagore. His ''Rajar Raja/Chobite Vivekananda'' (1962) recreates the life and times of Swami Vivekananda, while his ''Chitre Durgeshnandini'' (1962)  re-imagines Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay's novel ''[[Durgeshnandini]]'' in graphic novel techniques. But it was his ''Handa Bhoda'' (1962), ''Nonte Phonte'' (1969) and ''Shootki ar Mootki'' (1964) that revolutionized the comic genre in Bengal through the familiar trope of the ‘terrible twins’ at boarding school. This trope could be traced back to the German artist Wilhelm Bosch's ''[[Max and Moritz]]'' (1865) – an illustrated story in verse, which later found its way into the English world as ''[[The Katzenjammer Kids]]'' (1897) of Rudolph Dirks and Harold H. Knerr. The trope is also found in Hergè's ''[[Quick and Flupke]]'' (1930).

==Development of the genre==
[[File:Narayan.JPG|thumb|Narayan Debnath]]
When the [[Bangladesh War of Liberation]] flared up, he was asked by the editors and publishers to add an aura of invincibility. He made Bantul a superhero able to take on tanks, aircraft, and missiles. Bullets began to bounce off of him . Bantul was still drawn by Debnath for ''Shuktara''.

He gave birth to eponymous cartoon characters, Nonte and Phonte in 1969, and since then, stories revolve around them, have been regularly published in “Kishor Bharati”.<ref>{{cite web|last=খান|first=আর্যভট্ট|title=আজও বাঙালি হৃদয়কে মাতিয়ে রেখেছে ৫০ বছরের এই দুই কিশোর|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/feature-on-famous-cartoonist-narayan-debnath-as-his-popular-comic-strips-complete-50-years-1.1112888|access-date=13 December 2021|website=www.anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn}}</ref>

He had started his freelancing artist career from 1950 in Shuktara magazine and did the record of doing highest number of illustrations in Bengal . He was a renowned illustrator during his time. His work for [[Tarzan]] stories (continuous for 42 years), Bengali translation of foreign novels etc. are among his great works of illustration.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Deb |first1=Debasish |title=How Bantul was born |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/how-bantul-was-born/cid/1009616 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=11 November 2007}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Narayan Debnath was admitted to a hospital on 24 December<ref>{{cite web|date=18 January 2022|title=প্রয়াত 'হাঁদা ভোদা'র স্রষ্টা, ৯৭ বছরে চলে গেলেন নারায়ণ দেবনাথ|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/noted-bengali-cartoonist-narayan-debnath-passes-away-he-was-97-31642483538850.html|access-date=18 January 2022|website=Hindustantimes Bangla|language=bn}}</ref> and died of heart related ailments on 18 January 2022 in [[Kolkata]], at the age of 97.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=18 January 2022|title=Cartoonist Narayan Debnath, creator of 'Bantul The Great', dies at 97|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cartoonist-narayan-debnath-creator-of-bantul-the-great-dies-at-97/article38285760.ece|access-date=18 January 2022|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Veteran Bengali cartoonist Narayan Debnath dies at 97|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/veteran-bengali-cartoonist-narayan-debnath-dies/cid/1848092|access-date=18 January 2022|work=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=18 January 2022|title=Cartoonist Narayan Debnath passes away|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/cartoonist-narayan-debnath-passes-away-101642487144545.html|access-date=18 January 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= Dasgupta |first1=Priyanka |title=Narayan Debnath Death: Narayan Debnath dies in Kolkata, a slice of childhood lost {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/narayan-debnath-dies-a-slice-of-childhood-lost/articleshow/88983492.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Selected creations (Chronological List)==
*''Rabi-Chhabi'' also spelled as ''Rabi Chobi'' [রবি-ছবি] (Comics; First published in 1961; republished in 2010) 
*''Rajar Raja/Chhabite Vivekananda'' [রাজার রাজা/ছবিতে বিবেকানন্দ] (Comics; First published in 1962) 
*''Chitre Durgeshnandini'' [চিত্রে দুর্গেশনন্দিনী] (Graphic novel; First published in 1962) 
*''[[Handa Bhonda]]'', also referred to as ''Hada Bhoda'', ''Handa-Bhonda'' and ''Hada-Bhoda'' [হাঁদা-ভোঁদা] (First published in 1962)
*''Sutki-Mutki'' [শুটকি-মুটকি] (First published in 1964)
*''Chhatrapati Shivaji'' [ছত্রপতি শিবাজী] (Comics; Published from 1964 to 1965) 
*''[[Batul The Great]]'', also referred to as ''Bantul The Great'' [বাঁটুল দি গ্রেট] (First published in 1965)
*''Hirer Tayra'' [হীরের টায়রা] (First published in 1965) 
*''[[Nonte Phonte]]'', also spelled as ''Nonte Fonte'', ''Nonte-Phonte'', and ''Nonte-Fonte'' [নন্টে-ফন্টে] (First published in 1969)
*''Patolchand The Magician'' [পটলচাঁদ দি ম্যাজিশিয়ান] (First published in 1969)
*''Black Diamond Indrajit Roy'' also referred to as ''Indrajit Roy Bonam Black Diamond'' [ব্ল্যাক ডায়মন্ড ইন্দ্রজিৎ রায়/ইন্দ্রজিৎ রায় বনাম ব্ল্যাক ডায়মন্ড] (Graphic novel; First published in 1970) 
*''Rahasyamoy Abhijatri'' [রহস্যময় অভিযাত্রী] (Published in 1972) 
*''Bigyapanoner Comics'' [বিজ্ঞাপনের কমিকস] (Comics made for advertising ''Benzytol'' soap, written by [[Adrish Bardhan]]; Published from 1973 to 1974) 
*''Itihase Dwairath'' [ইতিহাসে দ্বৈরথ] (Comics; First published in 1974) 
*''Detective Koushik Roy'' also referred to as ''Goyenda Koushik'' [ডিটেকটিভ কৌশিক রায়/গোয়েন্দা কৌশিক] (First published in 1975) 
*''Bahadur Beral'' [বাহাদুর বেড়াল] (First published in 1982)
*''Daanpite Khandu Aar Tar Chemical Dadu'' [ডানপিটে খাঁদু আর তার কেমিক্যাল দাদু] (First published in 1983)
*''Petuk Master Batuklal'' [পেটুক মাস্টার বটুকলাল] (First published in 1984)
*''Mahakasher Ajab Deshe'' [মহাকাশের আজব দেশে] (Published in 1994) 
*''Jataker Golpo'' [জাতকের গল্প] (Comics based on [[Jataka Tales]]; Published in 1994) 
*''Gobindor Goyendagiri'' [গোবিন্দর গোয়েন্দাগিরি] (Short story; First published in 2002)<ref name="prohor1">{{cite web | url=https://prohor.in/beyond-comics-narayan-debnath-wrote-several-stories | title=শুধু কমিকস্‌ই নয়, পুরোদস্তুর গল্পও লিখেছেন নারায়ণ দেবনাথ! - Prohor }}</ref>
*''Ek Projapotir Mrityu'' [এক প্রজাপতির মৃত্যু] (Short Story; First published in 2012)<ref name="prohor1"/> 
*''Koutuhaler Bipod'' [কৌতূহলের বিপদ] (Short Story)<ref name="prohor1"/>
*''Smritir Du'Chaar Pata'' [স্মৃতির দু'চার পাতা] (Unfinished [[Autobiography]]) <ref name="prohor1"/>
*''Hasir Atom Bomb'' [হাসির অ্যাটম বোম]
* ' ' Jemon Kormo Temoni Fol [যেমন কর্ম তেমনি ফল ]
* Nandir Fandi [নন্দীর ফন্দী]

==Popularity==
[[File:Narayan Debnath @ Kolkata Book Fair 2014 - 28.jpg|thumb|Releasing his own book at the Kolkata International Book Fair 2014]]
Collections of Debnath's comics have been published serially in ''[[Shuktara]]'' and ''Kishor Bharati'' and irregularly in ''Kishor Mon'', ''Chotoder Asar'', ''Pakhkhiraj'' etc. His comic books featuring '[[Handa Bhonda]]', '[[Batul the Great]]' and '[[Nonte Phonte]]' have been published since the early 1980s. Since the late 1990s, the ''[[Nonte Phonte]]'' comics have been anthologised and published in softcover format. From 2003 onwards, the earlier comics have been re-inked and published in full-color, Recently, Debnath gave permission for animation film based on the characters from '[[Batul The Great]]', '[[Handa Bhonda]]' and '[[Nonte Phonte]]', and these provide access to the original stories to a whole new generation of children.

Debnath's style incorporating characters speaking in the typical language of Bengali adda (the quintessential Bengali gossip sessions lasting hours) and hundreds of nonstandard, yet most commonly used expletives in daily life like "Uls" (describing reaction to a delicious food) or "Aoofs", "Yiofs", "Arghhh"(similar to ouch). Subtle punning is also aplenty in his comics but the main source of comedy is slapstick.

Though his comic characters have immense popularity, Narayan Debnath himself has rather lived reclusively, distancing himself from publicity and media.

==Television==
Most of Narayan Debnath's work has been adapted for Bengali television. ''Nonte Phonte'' and ''[[Bantul The Great (TV series)|Bantul the Great]]'' are animated shows today, while a television series called ''Handa Bhonda'' was briefly on air.

==Awards and recognition==
# [[Padma Shri]], awarded by [[Government of India]] on 26 January 2021<ref>{{cite web|title=Sculptor Sudarshan Sahoo, illustrator Narayan Debnath among recipients of Padma Awards|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sculptor-sudarshan-sahoo-illustrator-narayan-debnath-among-recipients-of-padma-awards/2017352|access-date=26 January 2021 |website=www.outlookindia.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131152415/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sculptor-sudarshan-sahoo-illustrator-narayan-debnath-among-recipients-of-padma-awards/2017352 |archive-date=31 January 2021}}</ref> {{efn|He was 95 at that time and was needed to be explained several times before fully comprehending that he indeed was chosen to receive the award. His first reaction was, "Finally, have they chosen me?"<ref>{{cite web|last=26 January 2021|title=West Bengal: 'Bantul the Great' creator wins Padma Shri|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bantul-the-great-creator-wins-padma-shri/articleshow/80456930.cms|access-date=26 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>}}
# [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], 2013<ref>{{cite web|last=Shome-Ray|first=Aditi|date=4 September 2013|title='Handa-Bhonda' creator Narayan Debnath gets Sahitya Akademi Award: A look at the life and works of the comics writer|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-handa-bhonda-creator-narayan-debnath-gets-sahitya-akademi-award-a-look-at-the-life-and-works-of-the-comics-writer-1884322|access-date=26 January 2021|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://sahitya-akademi.org.in/?page_id=5871 | title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar – Sahitya Akademi }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar :: |publisher=SAHITYA Akademi |date= |accessdate=2022-08-11}}</ref>
# [[Banga Bibhushan]], awarded by [[Government of West Bengal]] in 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Bantul creator gets highest honour|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bantul-creator-gets-highest-honour/cid/1575271|access-date=26 January 2021|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|agency=TNN|date=May 20, 2013|title=Soumitra refuses Banga Bibhushan Award {{!}} Kolkata News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/soumitra-refuses-banga-bibhushan-award/articleshow/20142611.cms|access-date=18 January 2022|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Sufi (cartoonist)|Sufi]], Indian cartoonist

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Further reading==
<!-- Online references are few and far between. Although often mentioned in English language blogs and on discussion forums, there is a scarcity of primary literature on Narayan Debnath or his creations in English. The best references are in Bengali and are the following two works (both available online) -->
*{{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Sourav |title=The Itineraries of a Medium: Bengali Comics, and New Ways of Reading |journal=Interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Südasienforschung |date=2 December 2019 |issue=5 |publisher=[[Heidelberg University]] |pages=33–70 |doi=10.11588/izsa.2019.5.10443 |url=https://crossasia-journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/izsa/article/view/10443 |language=en|doi-access=free}}
*{{cite book |last1=Sethi |first1=Navneet |last2=Saha |first2=Ananya |title=Trajectories of Popular Expression: Forms, Histories, Contexts |date=2019 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-93-5002-575-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sK86wAEACAAJ |language=en}} [Chapter: ''Masculinity in the Bengali Comic Strips of the 1960s'']
*{{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Sourav |title="YES SIR!" 50 Years of Nationalism and the Indo-Pak War in Narayan Debnath's Bñātul the Great |journal=[[International Journal of Comic Art]] |date=2016 |volume=18 |issue=2 |page=434 |url=http://www.ijoca.net/new/sub3_past.html#vol18no2}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Sourav |title=Batul: the Great Disciplinarian |journal=[[International Journal of Comic Art]] |date=2015 |volume=17 |issue=2 |page=492 |url=http://www.ijoca.net/new/sub3_past.html#vol17no2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.parabaas.com/PB22/LEKHA22/bNarayan22.html Interview conducted by Chironton Kundu], Parabaas.com, 2001
*[http://www.banglalive.com/comic/comichome.asp Short biographical sketch and original comics] Banglalive.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071113224530/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071111/asp/calcutta/story_8533502.asp Renowned Bengali cartoon-illustrator Debasish Deb on Narayan Debnath and Bantul], ''[[Telegraph India]]''
*[https://www.openroadreview.com/master-without-lineage-conversation-narayan-debnath/ Master without lineage - Conversation Narayan Debnath], Open Road

{{Sahitya}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Debnath, Narayan}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:Bengali male artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian comic strip cartoonists]]
[[Category:Indian comics writers]]
[[Category:Indian comics artists]]
[[Category:Indian graphic novelists]]
[[Category:People from Howrah]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]