View source for Ghost in the Shell (manga)

{{Short description|Japanese manga series by Masamune Shirow}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name            = Ghost in the Shell
| image           = Ghost in the Shell.jpg
| caption         = Cover of the first manga volume, featuring [[Motoko Kusanagi]]
| ja_kanji        = 攻殻機動隊
| ja_romaji       = Kōkaku Kidōtai
| genre           = [[Cyberpunk]]<ref name="KoDan"/><!-- Note: Use and cite reliable sources to identify genre/s, not personal interpretation. Please don't include more than three genres (per [[MOS:A&M]]). -->
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type            = manga
| author          = [[Masamune Shirow]]
| publisher       = [[Kodansha]]
| publisher_en    = {{English manga publisher
| NA = {{ubl|[[Studio Proteus]] (former)|[[Dark Horse Comics]] (former)|[[Kodansha USA]]}}
| UK = [[Titan Books]]}}
| demographic     = {{Transliteration|ja|[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]}}
| imprint         = Young Magazine KC
| magazine        = Young Magazine Zōkan Kaizokuban
| first           = 1989
| last            = 1991
| volumes         = 1
| volume_list     = 
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type            = manga
| title           = 1.5: Human Error Processor
| author          = Masamune Shirow
| publisher       = Kodansha
| publisher_en    = {{English manga publisher
| NA = {{ubl|Dark Horse Comics (former)|Kodansha USA}}
}}
| demographic     = {{Transliteration|ja|Seinen}}
| magazine        = [[Weekly Young Magazine]]
| first           = 1991
| last            = 1996
| volumes         = 1
| volume_list     = 
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type            = manga
| title           = 2: Man-Machine Interface
| author          = Masamune Shirow
| publisher       = Kodansha
| publisher_en    = {{English manga publisher
| NA = {{ubl|Dark Horse Comics (former)|Kodansha USA}}
| UK = Titan Books}}
| demographic     = {{Transliteration|ja|Seinen}}
| magazine        = Weekly Young Magazine
| published          = 1997
| volumes         = 1
| volume_list     = 
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type            = manga
| title           = The Human Algorithm
| author          = [[Junichi Fujisaku]]
| illustrator     = Yuki Yoshimoto
| publisher       = Kodansha
| publisher_en    = {{English manga publisher
| NA = Kodansha USA
}}
| demographic     = {{Transliteration|ja|Seinen}}
| magazine        = {{ubl|Comic Days|Monthly Young Magazine {{noitalic|(September 20, 2019 – November 18, 2021)}}}}
| first           = September 16, 2019
| last            = 
| volumes         = 6
| volume_list     = 
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title           = Related
| content         =
;Featured films
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]''
** ''[[Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence]]''
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' (live action)
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie|The New Movie]]''
;Television series
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]''
** ''[[Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG|S.A.C. 2nd GIG]]''
** ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Solid State Society|Solid State Society]]''
** ''[[Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045]]''
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Arise]]''
** ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Arise#Anime|Alternative Architecture]]''
;Video game
* ''[[Ghost in the Shell (video game)|Ghost in the Shell]]''
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}

{{Nihongo|'''''Ghost in the Shell'''''|攻殻機動隊|Kōkaku Kidōtai|extra={{lit|Mobile Armored Riot Police}}|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[manga]] written and illustrated by [[Masamune Shirow]], which spawned the media franchise [[Ghost in the Shell|of the same name]]. It was first serialized in [[Kodansha]]'s [[seinen manga|{{Transliteration|ja|seinen}} manga]] magazine ''[[Weekly Young Magazine|Young Magazine Zōkan Kaizokuban]]'' from 1989 to 1990, under the subtitle of ''The Ghost in the Shell'', and was compiled in a single {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volume. Set in the mid-21st-century, it tells the story of the fictional counter-[[cyberterrorist]] organization [[Public Security Section 9]], led by protagonist Major [[Motoko Kusanagi]].

The manga was followed by two [[sequels]], ''Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor'', and ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface''.

The manga contain Shirow's thoughts on design and philosophy, including sociological issues, the consequences of technological advances and themes on the nature of consciousness and identity. Several artbooks have been released to detail the concept art and the world of ''Ghost in the Shell''. All three volumes have received mainly positive reviews.

==Synopsis==
===Setting===
Primarily set in the mid-twenty-first century in the fictional Japanese city of {{nihongo foot|Niihama, Niihama Prefecture,|新浜県新浜市|Niihama-ken Niihama-shi|group=lower-alpha}}<ref group=Note>The real world [[Niihama, Ehime|Niihama]] is located in [[Ehime Prefecture]], and its name is written differently in Japanese.</ref> otherwise known as {{nihongo foot|New Port City|ニューポートシティ|Nyū Pōto Shiti|group=lower-alpha}}, the manga and the many [[anime]] adaptations follow the members of [[Public Security Section 9]], a special-operations task-force made up of former military officers and police detectives. Political intrigue and counter-terrorism operations are standard fare for Section 9, but the various actions of corrupt officials, companies, and cyber-criminals in each scenario are unique and require the diverse skills of Section 9's staff to prevent a series of incidents from escalating.

In this [[cyberpunk]] iteration of a possible future, computer technology has advanced to the point that many members of the public possess cyberbrains, technology that allows them to interface their biological brain with various networks. The level of cyberization varies from simple minimal interfaces to almost complete replacement of the brain with cybernetic parts, in cases of severe trauma. This can also be combined with various levels of [[prostheses]], with a fully prosthetic body enabling a person to become a [[cyborg]]. The heroine of ''Ghost in the Shell'', Major [[Motoko Kusanagi]], is such a cyborg, having had a terrible accident befall her as a child that ultimately required that she use a full-body prosthesis to house her cyberbrain. This high level of cyberization, however, opens the brain up to attacks from highly skilled [[Hacker (computer security)|hacker]]s, with the most dangerous being those who will hack a person to bend to their whims.

===Story===
{{Main article|List of Ghost in the Shell characters{{!}}List of ''Ghost in the Shell'' characters}}
{{Nihongo foot|''Ghost in the Shell''|攻殻機動隊 THE GHOST IN THE SHELL|Kōkaku Kidōtai Za Gōsuto in za Sheru|lit. "Mobile Armored Riot Police: The Ghost in the Shell"|group=lower-alpha}} begins in 2029, and features Section 9, led by Chief [[Daisuke Aramaki]] and Major [[Motoko Kusanagi]], as they investigate the Puppeteer, a cyber-criminal wanted for committing a large number of crimes by proxy through "ghost hacking" humans with cyberbrains. As the investigation continues, Section 9 discovers that the Puppet Master is actually an advanced [[artificial intelligence]] created by a department of the Japanese government, taking up residence in a robot body. After destroying the latest host of the Puppeteer, Section 9 believes all is well, until the Major discovers the Puppet Master in her own mind. After hearing the Puppeteer's wishes to reach its next step in evolution, Kusanagi allows it to become one with her own ghost.

In {{nihongo foot|''Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor''|攻殻機動隊1.5 HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSER|Kōkaku Kidōtai Itten Go Hyūman Erā Purosessā|lit. "Mobile Armored Riot Police: Human-Error Processor"|group=lower-alpha}} the Major leaves Section 9 to work as a private contractor, with the remaining members of the unit, [[Batou]], [[Togusa]], Ishikawa, Saito, Paz, Borma and Azuma, continuing their work as covert operatives, occasionally meeting up with the Major only in the chapter "Drive Slave".

{{nihongo foot|''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface''|攻殻機動隊2 MANMACHINE INTERFACE|Kōkaku Kidōtai Ni Manmashīn Intāfēsu|lit. "Mobile Armored Riot Police: Man-Machine Interface"|group=lower-alpha}} This story is set four years and five months after Motoko Kusanagi fused with a sentient life form and left Public Security Section 9. The fused being of Motoko and the Puppeteer have been traveling the sea of the Net, merging with other ghosts and creating isotopes. Among them, Motoko Aramaki, the head of the Investigative Division at Poseidon Industrial, began investigating an incident involving an attack on a pig clone organ cultivation facility owned by its subsidiary, Meditech. As she delved into the investigation, she found herself making contact with other isotopes when infiltrating Motoko Kusanagi in a secretive club known as the "Sleeping Universe," a facility used for the transfer of consciousness.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ORIGINAL COMIC {{!}} Ghost in the Shell Official Global Site|url=https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/series/original_comic|access-date=2024-06-14|website=ORIGINAL COMIC {{!}} Ghost in the Shell Official Global Site|language=ja|archive-date=June 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614023800/https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/series/original_comic|url-status=live }}</ref>

==Production==
===Creation and development===
While writing the manga, Masamune Shirow struggled to make it neither too complex nor too simple.<ref name="MS-interview"/> Two official names exist for the works, the first is {{nihongo3|officially "''Armored Shell''"; literally "''Mobile Armored Riot Police''"|攻殻機動隊|Kōkaku Kidōtai}} and the second is "''Ghost in the Shell''". Masamune Shirow originally wanted to use the name "''Ghost in the Shell''" for the publication, as an homage to [[Arthur Koestler]]'s ''[[The Ghost in the Machine]]'', from which he drew inspiration.<ref name="SAC-Log1"/> Kōichi Yuri, First Coordinator at ''Young Magazine'', requested a "more flashy" name and Shirow came up with {{nihongo3|Shell Squad|攻殻機動隊|Kōkaku Kidōtai}}. Shirow requested that "Ghost in the Shell" be included on the title even if it was in small print. Yuri believes that ''Kōkaku Kidōtai'' is the mainstream title while "Ghost in the Shell" is the theme. While most Japanese publications use both names, the original publication in ''Young Magazine'' used ''Kōkaku Kidōtai''.<ref name="SAC-Log1"/>

When developing ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface'', Shirow initially wanted to use a new title by changing the last [[kanji]] character meaning {{nihongo|"military unit"|隊|tai}}, to the homophonic kanji for {{nihongo|"body"|体|tai}} so that it would literally translate {{nihongo|"Mobile Unit Body Entity"|攻殻機動体|Kōkaku Kidōtai}}, but eventually he decided not to do so.<ref name= "Gits2 notes"/> The production of ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface'' manga was done digitally, which was difficult for Shirow because of troubles including a hard disk failure which resulted in the loss of 16 gigabytes of data, USB hardware troubles and reading manuals related to new application upgrades. Shirow considers the manga a completely different kind of work and not a true sequel of ''Ghost in the Shell''. The original manga revolved around Public Security Section 9 and ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface'' follows what happens to the Major after she merges with the Puppeteer. Shirow drew the color pages on computer, in which he states was difficult to do due to technical issues with his computer. In the "short-cut" version of the manga, Masamune Shirow made the color darker and softer, but used more contrasting colors in the "standard" version.<ref name="MS-interview-2"/> In the Japanese "Short-cut" version, further changes can be found, most notably an increase in nudity and explicit scenes.<ref name="GITS2-Comparisons"/>{{Better source needed|date=October 2024}}

===Design and philosophy===
Shirow's thoughts and work on ''Ghost in the Shell'' contain numerous footnotes and detailed explanations about scenes to give readers an understanding of the sociological differences or technological advances and philosophical discussion of the material. Examples include concepts like the future of hacking techniques, in which a cyberbrain can be hacked to copy information without being detected. Shirow explains instances of spirit channeling in cyborgs with [[Qigong|kiko energy]]. Shirow even wrote that this phenomenon may be related to the "hearing voices" in individuals that suffer from mental disabilities like [[schizophrenia]]. This belief is represented in Motoko's reasons for head hunting Togusa for Section 9.<ref name="dh1"/> Shirow also notes that he believes these channelers do not speak with a human-like god, but instead tap into a phase of the universe which synchronizes with the channeler's functions. Other philosophical stances are represented such as Shirow's personal beliefs regarding [[death sentence]]s and crime and punishment.<ref name="dh1"/>

Shirow explains numerous facets of the daily life throughout his notes in ''Ghost in the Shell''. Cyborgs are shown consuming food, but Shirow noted that early in the development would have been pills or paste substance that would have both psychological and physical functions. The Fuchikoma [[robot]]s also must consume in a sense, requiring replenishment of fluid for their [[neurochip]]s every two months, but Fuchikoma are not entirely bio-robots. Shirow discussed in his notes how the family of Yano received notification of his death and what would be disclosed, but also notes strategic use and premature notifications exist for various purposes. The advancement of technology in Shirow's vision of the future is rapid, but the advancements are at least partially related to then-current technology. The concepts of a 3-D viewing room were based on "crude" golf simulator technology.<ref name="dh1"/>

Other personal beliefs of Shirow are represented in the scenes and author's commentary, such [[metaphysics]], religious references, and other philosophical stances that enter a range of topics including his thoughts on a rotating universe.<ref name="dh1"/>

===Censorship===
The removal of a two-page lesbian sex scene in [[Studio Proteus]]'s localization of ''Ghost in the Shell'' was not well received, with readers reacting negatively to the removal of the previously uncensored content that was included in the original [[Dark Horse Comics|Dark Horse]] release. [[Toren Smith]] commented on Studio Proteus's actions claiming that requirement of the "mature readers only" would translate into a 40% loss in sales and likely have caused the immediate cancellation of the series. Shirow, who grew tired of "taking flak" over the pages, opted to remove them and reworked the previous page as necessary.<ref name=Toren/>

The sequel volume ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface'' also featured explicit scenes and an increase in nudity in the "Short-cut" version in Japan.<ref name="GITS2-Comparisons2"/>{{Better source needed|date=October 2024}}

==Publication==
''Ghost in the Shell'' ran in the [[Kodansha]]'s manga anthology ''[[Weekly Young Magazine|Young Magazine Kaizokuban]]'' from the April 1989 to the November 1990 issues,<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE GHOST IN THE SHELL - INTRODUCTION {{!}} Ghost in the Shell Official Global Site|url=https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/introduction/article/the-ghost-in-the-shell|access-date=2024-06-14|website=THE GHOST IN THE SHELL - INTRODUCTION {{!}} Ghost in the Shell Official Global Site|language=ja|archive-date=June 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612024542/https://theghostintheshell.jp/en/introduction/article/the-ghost-in-the-shell|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="PR-times"/><ref name="Natalie1"/> and was released in {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} format on October 2, 1991.<ref name="GITS-KC"/> Dark Horse initially published it in English monthly into eight comic issues from March 1, 1995, to October 1, 1995, with the translation of [[Studio Proteus]].<ref name="GITS-1/8"/><ref name="GITS-8/8"/> It was collected into a [[Trade paperback (comics)|trade paperback]] volume on December 1, 1995.<ref name="GITS-1E"/> An uncensored version was released by [[Dark Horse Comics]] on October 6, 2004.<ref name="GITS1-2E"/> The censored version was later republished by [[Kodansha Comics]] in 2009 and 2017.<ref name="GITS1-US-KC"/><ref name="Tumblr"/><ref name="Hardcover"/>

Masamune Shirow penned the sequel ''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface'' and ran in ''[[Weekly Young Magazine]]'' in 1997. The chapters were collected into a [[hardcover]] volume along with its predecessor in a limited-edition box set titled {{Nihongo foot|''Kōkaku Kidōtai Solid Box''|攻殻機動隊SOLID BOX|group=lower-alpha}} on December 1, 2000. The box set also contained a booklet titled ''ManMachine Interface Inactive Module'', a poster, and a Fuchikoma robot action figure.<ref name="GITS2-solidbox-KC"/> The ''Solid Box'' version added over 140 pages of new content. The {{Transliteration|ja|tankōbon}} version was released on June 26, 2001 and included more changes, such as 24 color pages and over 20 large modifications to existing pages.<ref name="GITS2-soft-KC"/> The manga was then distributed in English by Dark Horse Comics in 11 comic issues from January 29, 2003, to December 31, 2003.<ref name="GITS2-1/11"/><ref name="GITS2-11/11"/> Masamune Shirow manually redrew the manga for the English version so that it could be read from left to right.<ref name="GITS2-ICV2"/> It was collected into a single volume in trade paperback on January 12, 2005.<ref name="GITS2-TPB"/> The manga was republished by Kodansha Comics on August 10, 2010.<ref name="GITS2-US-KC"/>

Four chapters from the sequel's run that were published from 1991 to 1996 and not released in {{Transliteration|ja|tankōbon}} format in previous releases were later collected into a single volume titled ''Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor''. The manga was published on July 17, 2003, by Kodansha.<ref name="GITS1.5-KC"/> It included a booklet and a CD-ROM featuring the full stories, adding music to the manga scenes, and a screen saver.<ref name="GITS1.5-CD"/> Dark Horse Comics announced an English version at the 2005 [[San Diego Comic-Con International|San Diego Comic-Con]].<ref name="DH-Comic-Con"/> The four chapters were each split into two, and released as eight individual comic issues from November 1, 2006, to June 6, 2007, and was the first of the ''Ghost in the Shell'' manga released in the United States to read right-to-left.<ref name="GITS1.5-1/8"/><ref name="GITS1.5-8/8"/> Dark Horse Comics later released it in a single trade paperback volume on October 10, 2007.<ref name="GITS1.5-TPB"/> The manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics on September 25, 2012.<ref name=GITS1.5-US-KC/>

A box set containing the three manga volumes in hardcover and a lithograph by Masamune Shirow was released by Kodansha Comics on December 19, 2017, titled ''The Ghost in the Shell Deluxe Complete Box Set''.<ref name="HC-boxset"/> Kodansha Comics also compiled the three manga as a single hardcover volume with a new cover art by Masamune Shirow on January 10, 2023, titled ''The Ghost in the Shell: Fully Compiled''.<ref name="Fully-Compiled-HC"/>

A sequel to ''1.5'' by [[Junichi Fujisaku]] and Yuki Yoshimoto, titled ''Ghost in the Shell: The Human Algorithm'', started in Kodansha's ''Comic Days'' digital platform on September 16, 2019; it was also published in ''Monthly Young Magazine'' from September 20, 2019, to November 18, 2021.<ref name="GITS:HA-announcement"/><ref name="ANN-announcement"/><ref name="Natalie-THA-Start"/><ref name="GITS:HA-P2-announcement"/> The series is set to end with its eighth volume.<ref name="GIST:HA-END"/> In North America, it is published under Kodansha Comics.<ref name="NA-release"/>

{{Graphic novel list/header
| Language=Japanese
| SecondLanguage=English
| WithTitle       = yes
| Width           = 98%
}}
{{Graphic novel list
| VolumeNumber    = 1
| LicensedTitle   = Ghost in the Shell
| OriginalTitle   = 攻殻機動隊 THE GHOST IN THE SHELL
| TranslitTitle   = Kōkaku Kidōtai Za Gōsuto in za Sheru
| OriginalRelDate = October 2, 1991<ref name="GITS-KC"/>
| OriginalISBN    = 4-06-313248-X
| LicensedRelDate = December 1, 1995<ref name="GITS-1E"/>
| LicensedISBN    = 1-56971-081-3
| ChapterList     = 
* "01 Prologue"
* "02 Super Spartan - 10.4.2029"
* "03 Junk Jungle - 27.7.2029"
* "04 Megatech Machine 1 - Revolt of the Robots"
* "05 Megatech Machine 2 - The Making of a Cyborg"
* "06 Robot Rondo - 1.10.2029"
| ChapterListCol2 =
* "07 Phantom Fund - 24.12.2029"
* "08 Dumb Barter - 2.5.2030"
* "09 Bye Bye Clay - 15.7.2030"
* "10 Brain Drain - 9.9.2030"
* "11 Ghost Coast - 18.9.2030"
| Summary     = In 2029 [[Public Security Section 9]] led by Major [[Motoko Kusanagi]] hunts down the [[Puppet Master (Ghost in the Shell)|Puppet Master]], a cyber-criminal wanted for committing a large number of crimes by proxy through "ghost hacking" humans with cyberbrains. The investigation soon discovers that the Puppet Master is actually an advanced artificial intelligence project developed by Section 6, the Treaty Bureau of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. After subduing the Puppet Master's robot host and destroying it, they believe the Puppet Master is gone, but the Major believes otherwise, and is proven right when she discovers the Puppet Master in her own cyberbrain. The Puppet Master wishes to seek its next step in evolution, and Kusanagi allows it to merge with her ghost.
}}
{{Graphic novel list
| VolumeNumber    = 1.5
| LicensedTitle   = Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor
| OriginalTitle   = 攻殻機動隊1.5 HUMAN-ERROR PROCESSER
| TranslitTitle   = Kōkaku Kidōtai Itten Go Hyūman Erā Purosessā
| OriginalRelDate = July 23, 2003<ref name="GITS1.5-KC"/>
| OriginalISBN    = 978-4-06-350406-4
| LicensedRelDate = October 10, 2007<ref name="GITS1.5-TPB"/>
| LicensedISBN    = 978-1-59307-815-7
| ChapterList     = 
*"Fat Cat" 01 and 02
*"Drive Slave" 01 and 02
| ChapterListCol2 =
*"Mines of Mind" 01 and 02
*"Lost Past"
| Summary     = This volume chronicles four cases Section 9 investigates between Volume 1 and 2. In "Fat Cat", the team investigates a man's recent strange activities at the behest of his daughter, one of Chief [[Daisuke Aramaki]]'s friends. In "Drive Slave", Section 9 protects a key witness in a court case from various cyborg assassins sent to kill him, while Major Kusanagi arrives, having been sent to capture the man responsible for the assassins. The story "Mines of the Mind" features [[Batou]] and [[Togusa]] investigating a series of murders, with all the victims marked with the same tattoo. In "Lost Past", the investigation into a kidnapping gone wrong has Section 9 suspecting that Section 6 hired a sniper to make it go wrong in the first place.
}}
{{Graphic novel list
| VolumeNumber    = 2
| LicensedTitle   = Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface
| OriginalTitle   = 攻殻機動隊2 MANMACHINE INTERFACE
| TranslitTitle   = Kōkaku Kidōtai Ni Manmashīn Intāfēsu
| OriginalRelDate = June 26, 2001<ref name="GITS2-soft-KC"/>
| OriginalISBN    = 4-06-336310-4
| LicensedRelDate = January 12, 2005<ref name="GITS2-TPB"/>
| LicensedISBN    = 1-59307-204-X
| ChapterList     = 
* "01 Prologue 2035.03.06.AM05:05"
* "02 Underwater 2035.03.06.AM05:45"
* "03 Circuit Weapon 2035.03.06.PM01:12"
| ChapterListCol2 =
* "04 Fly by Orbit 2035.03.06.PM01:12"
* "05 Mold of Life 2035.03.06.PM01:54"
* "06 Epilogue 2035.03.06.05:35AM"
| Summary     = This story is set four years and five months after Motoko Kusanagi fused with a sentient life form and left Public Security Section 9. The fused being of Motoko and the Puppeteer have been traveling the sea of the Net, merging with other ghosts and creating isotopes. Among them, Motoko Aramaki, the head of the Investigative Division at Poseidon Industrial, began investigating an incident involving an attack on a pig clone organ cultivation facility owned by its subsidiary, Meditech. As she delved into the investigation, she found herself making contact with other isotopes when infiltrating Motoko Kusanagi in a secretive club known as the "Sleeping Universe," a facility used for the transfer of consciousness.
}}
{{Graphic novel list/footer}}

==Related media==
{{Main|Ghost in the Shell}}
A number of artbooks detailing the concept art and world of ''Ghost in the Shell'' have been released. A box set titled {{nihongo foot|''Kōkaku Kidōtai Cyberdelics''|攻殻機動隊Cyberdelics|group=lower-alpha}} was released on July 8, 1997. The box set contains a collection of posters illustrated by Masamune Shirow, a booklet and a puzzle.<ref name="Cyberdelics"/> A guidebook titled {{nihongo foot|''The Ghost in the Shell: Mechanical Analysis Reader''|攻殻機動隊メカニカル解析読本|Kōkaku Kidōtai Mekanikaru Kaiseki Dokuhon|group=lower-alpha}} was published by Kodansha and released on January 16, 1998.<ref name="Mechanical Analysis Reader"/> An art book titled {{nihongo foot|''The Ghost in the Shell: Fuchikoma Papercraft''|攻殻機動隊フチコマ立体図鑑|Kōkaku Kidōtai fuchikoma Rittai Zukan|group=lower-alpha}} was released by Kodansha on July 24, 2000. The book contains several different artwork and paper cut out figures of the Fuchikoma.<ref name="Fuchikoma Papercraft"/>

The [[Ghost in the Shell (video game)|''Ghost in the Shell'' video game]] was developed by Exact and released for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] on July 17, 1997, in Japan by [[Sony Computer Entertainment]].<ref name="Video game"/> It is a [[third-person shooter]] featuring an original storyline where the character plays a rookie member of Section 9.

A [[Virtual reality|VR]] [[Noh]] stage play adaptation was presented in [[Tokyo]]'s [[Setagaya Public Theatre]] on August 22 and 23, 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=May 29, 2020|title=Ghost in the Shell Manga Gets VR Noh Stage Play in August|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-05-29/ghost-in-the-shell-manga-gets-vr-noh-stage-play-in-august/.160086|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617173824/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-05-29/ghost-in-the-shell-manga-gets-vr-noh-stage-play-in-august/.160086|archive-date=June 17, 2020|access-date=2020-06-02|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> and has since also been performed in [[Fukuoka]] and [[Sapporo]].<ref>https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2022/9/3/vr-noh-ghost-in-the-shell-stage-play-gets-360-degree-performance</ref><ref>https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/latest/2023/9/22/vr-noh-ghost-in-the-shell-stage-play-gets-upgrade-with-guest-voice-actor-navigators</ref>

=== Film and television ===
Animation studio [[Production I.G]] has produced several different anime adaptations of ''Ghost in the Shell'', starting with the 1995 film [[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|of the same name]], telling the story of Section 9's investigation of the [[Puppet Master (Ghost in the Shell)|Puppet Master]]. The film was followed by a sequel titled ''[[Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence]]'', released in 2004.

Meanwhile, a television series release began in 2002 under the title ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]'', telling an alternate story from the manga and first film, featuring Section 9's investigations of government corruption in the [[Laughing Man (Ghost in the Shell)|Laughing Man]] and [[Individual Eleven]] incidents. The series ran for two seasons of 26 episodes each, with the second season titled ''Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG''. In 2006 a sequel film to the S.A.C. series was produced as ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - Solid State Society]]''. ''[[Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045]]'' was brought to Netflix in 2020.

2013 saw the start of the ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Arise]]'' [[original video animation|OVA]] series with a plot set before the events of the original manga and consisting of four parts released through mid-2014. The series was recompiled in early 2015 as a television series titled ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Arise#Anime|Ghost in the Shell: Arise - Alternative Architecture]]'', airing with an additional two episodes (one part).<ref name="Arise-TV"/> An animated feature film produced by most of the ''Arise'' staff, titled ''[[Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie]]'', was released on June 20, 2015.

A [[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|live-action American-produced adaptation]] starring [[Scarlett Johansson]] as The Major was released in the United States on March 31, 2017, by [[Paramount Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Stedman|first=Alex|title='Ghost in the Shell' Moves to Paramount From Disney|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/ghost-in-the-shell-release-date-paramount-disney-1201688478/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=April 15, 2016|date=January 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602011001/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/ghost-in-the-shell-release-date-paramount-disney-1201688478/|archive-date=June 2, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
''Ghost in the Shell'' has received mainly positive reviews. ''[[Publishers Weekly]]'' praised the manga for its artwork: "Masamune's b&w drawings are dynamic and beautifully gestural; he vividly renders the awesome urban landscape of a futuristic, supertechnological Japan."<ref>{{cite web|title=Ghost in the Shell|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-59307-228-5|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111014211/http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-59307-228-5|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=November 29, 2012|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]}}</ref> Leroy Douresseaux of the website ComicBookBin gave the manga an "A" stating: "It is visually potent and often inscrutable, but its sense of wonder and exploration makes its ideas still seem fresh two decades after its debut."<ref>{{cite web|last=Douresseaux|first=Leroy|date=November 16, 2009|title=The Ghost in the Shell: Volume 1|url=http://www.comicbookbin.com/theghostintheshell001.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706232319/http://www.comicbookbin.com/theghostintheshell001.html|archive-date=July 6, 2013|access-date=November 13, 2012|work=ComicBookBin}}</ref> Peter Gutiérrez of the website Graphic Novel Reporter praised the manga, writing: "In short, ''Ghost in the Shell'' is hard sci-fi of the best possible sort: the type that's so full of both undiluted artfulness and philosophy that it's arguably a must-read even for those who don't usually take to the genre."<ref>{{cite web|last=Gutiérrez|first=Peter|date=|title=The Ghost in the Shell, Vol. 1|url=http://stage.graphicnovelreporter.com/reviews/the-ghost-in-the-shell-vol-1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816144534/http://stage.graphicnovelreporter.com/reviews/the-ghost-in-the-shell-vol-1|archive-date=August 16, 2019|access-date=August 16, 2019|work=Graphic Novel Reporter}}</ref> Greg McElhatton of Read About Comics praised the artwork, however criticized the manga for its story pacing and collection of short adventures stating, "I'm glad I got to experience Shirow's artistic view of the future and am a little interested in the idea of his ''Intron Depot'' art books, but on the whole ''Ghost in the Shell'' was a massive shell game: flashy and fascinating from a glance, but ultimately empty when you decide to dive in."<ref>{{cite web|author=Greg|first=McElhatton|date=February 28, 2005|title=Ghost in the Shell|url=http://www.readaboutcomics.com/2005/02/28/ghost-in-the-shell/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618031459/http://www.readaboutcomics.com/2005/02/28/ghost-in-the-shell/|archive-date=June 18, 2013|access-date=November 13, 2012|work=Read About Comics}}</ref>

''Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface'' has sold over 100,000 copies from its initial printing in Japan.<ref name="GITS2-interview">{{cite web|title=Ghost in the Shell 2--The Dark Horse Interview|url=http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/1764.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111014344/http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/1764.html|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=November 29, 2012|publisher=[[ICv2]]}}</ref> [[Diamond Comic Distributors]] ranked the manga #7 in its Top Performing Manga list of 2005.<ref>{{cite web|last=Macdonald|first=Christopher|date=January 23, 2006|title=Diamond Announces Top Direct Market Performers|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-01-23/diamond-announces-top-direct-market-performers|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408093249/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-01-23/diamond-announces-top-direct-market-performers|archive-date=April 8, 2014|access-date=December 15, 2012|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Mike Crandol of ''[[Anime News Network]]'' criticized the manga for being too complex and overwhelming stating it is "too technical for its own good" but praised the new artwork, stating that Shirow's "canny drawing skills are supplemented by an innovative use of [[Computer animation|CGI graphics]] that represent the series' boldest artistic endeavor."<ref>{{cite web|last=Crandol|first=Mike|date=June 18, 2003|title=Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface (manga)|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/ghost-in-the-shell-2/manga|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114051929/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/ghost-in-the-shell-2/manga|archive-date=November 14, 2012|access-date=October 29, 2012|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> ''Publishers Weekly'' praised the artwork as "the color and b&w graphics are stunning, brilliantly evoking the nonvisual world of data transmission" but stated that the story can be confusing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-59307-204-9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111013722/http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-59307-204-9|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=November 29, 2012|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]}}</ref>

''Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor'' was ranked #10 in ''[[The New York Times]]'' Manga Best Seller List on October 19, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=October 19, 2012|title=New York Times Manga Best Seller List, October 7–13|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-10-19/new-york-times-manga-best-seller-list-october-7-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022202358/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-10-19/new-york-times-manga-best-seller-list-october-7-13|archive-date=October 22, 2012|access-date=October 30, 2012|work=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Scott Green of ''[[Ain't It Cool News]]'' praised the manga for its footnotes that "alone are worth the price of admission. The degree to which he apparently takes every aspect seriously and the amount of information he'd like to convey verges on a disorder."<ref>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Scott|date=September 6, 2007|title=AICN Anime-Sci-Fi Reviews of Ghost in the Shell 1.5 and Freedom (Featuring Design by Akira's Katsuhiro Otomo)|url=http://www.aintitcool.com/node/33925|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008233749/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/33925|archive-date=October 8, 2012|access-date=November 18, 2012|work=[[Ain't It Cool News]]}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<!-- DEVELOPMENT-->
<ref name="KoDan">{{cite web|url=https://kodanshacomics.com/series/ghost-in-the-shell/|title=The Ghost in the Shell|publisher=[[Kodansha Comics]]|access-date=May 27, 2018|archive-date=May 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528051950/https://kodanshacomics.com/series/ghost-in-the-shell/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="dh1">{{cite book| title=Ghost in the Shell| publisher=Dark Horse| author=Masamune, Shirow| year=1995}}</ref>

<ref name="MS-interview">{{cite web|title= An Interview with Masamune Shirow|url= http://www.jai2.com/MSivu.htm|publisher= Frederick L. Schodt|access-date= December 8, 2012|archive-date= September 16, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170916085221/http://www.jai2.com/MSivu.htm|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name=Toren>{{cite web| url=http://www.sazan.net/digest/news/toren.shtml| title=Toren Smith on Manga Censorship| access-date=April 29, 2013| archive-date=January 11, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111165454/http://www.sazan.net/digest/news/toren.shtml| url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name= "Gits2 notes">{{cite book|last=Shirow|first=Masamune|author-link=Masamune Shirow|title=Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface|year=2001|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|location=Japan|isbn=4-06-336310-4|volume=11}}</ref>

<ref name="SAC-Log1">{{cite book|title=Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex'' Official Log 1''|page=9|publisher=[[Weekly Young Magazine]]|year=2003}}</ref>

<ref name="MS-interview-2">{{cite web|title= Web Interview Masamune Shirow|url= http://kukaku.free.fr/interview/kodanclub.com.html|publisher= Kukaku.free.fr|access-date= December 19, 2012|archive-date= August 17, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120817014841/http://kukaku.free.fr/interview/kodanclub.com.html|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-Comparisons">{{Cite web|url=http://kukaku.free.fr/differences/009.shtml|title=Comparaison de la version Solid Box et Standard de Man Machine Interface (Koukaku Kidoutai 2) de Masamune Shirow|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124234439/http://kukaku.free.fr/differences/009.shtml|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-Comparisons2">{{Cite web|url=http://kukaku.free.fr/differences.shtml|title=The differences between the two editions of Man Machine Interface: The Solid Box version, or Short-cut and The Standard version.|access-date=May 29, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124192057/http://kukaku.free.fr/differences.shtml|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="PR-times">{{cite press release|script-title=ja:近未来ポリスアクションの決定版『攻殻機動隊』の公式スマホケースが登場！！|language=ja|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000049.000006585.html|publisher=Basic Inc.|via=[[PR Times]]|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722201338/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000049.000006585.html|archive-date=July 22, 2021|date=October 31, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Natalie1">{{cite web|script-title=ja:「ゴースト・イン・ザ・シェル」特集 弐瓶勉インタビュー|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/pp/ghostshell01|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=July 22, 2021|language=ja|date=March 6, 2017|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722201651/https://natalie.mu/comic/pp/ghostshell01|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!-- PUBLICATION HISTORY -->
<ref name="GITS-KC">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊（1）|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product/top.php/1234577897|language=ja|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|access-date=October 13, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112045718/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product/top.php/1234577897|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS-1/8">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell #1 (of 8)|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/93-818/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-of-8|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041152/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/93-818/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-of-8|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS-8/8">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell #8 (of 8)|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/94-125/Ghost-in-the-Shell-8-of-8|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041228/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/94-125/Ghost-in-the-Shell-8-of-8|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1-2E">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 1 2nd Edition TPB|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/10-029/Ghost-in-the-Shell-Volume-1-2nd-edition-TPB|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 20, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041010/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/10-029/Ghost-in-the-Shell-Volume-1-2nd-edition-TPB|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1-US-KC">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell Volume 1|url= http://www.randomhouse.com/book/166169/the-ghost-in-the-shell-volume-1-by-shirow-masamune/9781935429012/|publisher= [[Kodansha Comics]]|access-date= October 31, 2012|archive-date= October 24, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121024163858/http://www.randomhouse.com/book/166169/the-ghost-in-the-shell-volume-1-by-shirow-masamune/9781935429012/|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="Tumblr">{{cite web|date=July 30, 2013|title=Kodansha Comics|url=http://kodanshacomics.tumblr.com/post/56881920605/hi-i-wanted-to-ask-if-the-ghost-in-the-shell-manga-is|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111015023/http://kodanshacomics.tumblr.com/post/56881920605/hi-i-wanted-to-ask-if-the-ghost-in-the-shell-manga-is|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=August 21, 2013|publisher=[[Kodansha Comics]]}}</ref>

<ref name="Hardcover">{{Cite web|last=Kodansha USA Publishing|date=February 21, 2017|title=The Ghost in the Shell Deluxe Editions are here|url=https://kodansha.us/2017/02/21/ghost-in-the-shell-hardcover-deluxe-editions/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128191724/https://kodansha.us/2017/02/21/ghost-in-the-shell-hardcover-deluxe-editions/|archive-date=January 28, 2022|access-date=January 28, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-ICV2">{{cite web|title=Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface|url=http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/178.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111014307/http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/178.html|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=November 27, 2012|publisher=[[ICv2]]}}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-US-KC">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell Volume 2|url= http://www.randomhouse.com/book/200115/the-ghost-in-the-shell-volume-2-by-shirow-masamune/9781935429036/|publisher= [[Kodansha Comics]]|access-date= October 31, 2012|archive-date= October 24, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121024174533/http://www.randomhouse.com/book/200115/the-ghost-in-the-shell-volume-2-by-shirow-masamune/9781935429036/|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-solidbox-KC">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊Solid Box|url=http://www.7netshopping.jp/books/detail/-/accd/1101992033/subno/1|language=ja|publisher=7net|access-date=October 13, 2012|archive-date=March 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301020444/http://www.7netshopping.jp/books/detail/-/accd/1101992033/subno/1|url-status=live }}</ref> Kodansha released the standard edition in {{Transliteration|ja|tankōbon}} format on June 26, 2001.<ref name="GITS2-soft-KC">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊2|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product/top.php/1234583601|language=ja|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|access-date=October 13, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112041109/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product/top.php/1234583601|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1.5-CD">{{cite web|script-title=ja:CD-ROM 攻殻機動隊1．5|url=http://www.7netshopping.jp/books/detail/-/accd/1101986610/subno/1|language=ja|publisher=7net|access-date=November 10, 2012|archive-date=November 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111013715/http://www.7netshopping.jp/books/detail/-/accd/1101986610/subno/1|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1.5-KC">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊1．5|url=http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product/top.php/1234588254|language=ja|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|access-date=October 13, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112042614/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product/top.php/1234588254|url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS-1E">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell TPB|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/44-818/Ghost-in-the-Shell-TPB|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041030/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/44-818/Ghost-in-the-Shell-TPB|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-1/11">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface #1|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/12-117/Ghost-in-the-Shell-2-Man-Machine-Interface-1|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041050/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/12-117/Ghost-in-the-Shell-2-Man-Machine-Interface-1|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-11/11">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface #11|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/12-127/Ghost-in-the-Shell-2-Man-Machine-Interface-11|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041147/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/12-127/Ghost-in-the-Shell-2-Man-Machine-Interface-11|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS2-TPB">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell Volume 2: Man-Machine Interface TPB|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/13-288/Ghost-in-the-Shell-Volume-2-Man-Machine-Interface-TPB|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041015/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/13-288/Ghost-in-the-Shell-Volume-2-Man-Machine-Interface-TPB|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="DH-Comic-Con">{{cite web|last=Christopher|first=Macdonald|date=July 14, 2005|title=Dark Horse Comic-Con Announcements|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-07-14/dark-horse-comic-con-announcements|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111113302/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-07-14/dark-horse-comic-con-announcements|archive-date=November 11, 2012|access-date=October 29, 2012|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1.5-1/8">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor #1|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/14-247/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-5-Human-Error-Processor-1|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= August 5, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120805183854/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/14-247/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-5-Human-Error-Processor-1|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1.5-8/8">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor #8|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/14-254/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-5-Human-Error-Processor-8|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= October 13, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121013101103/http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/14-254/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-5-Human-Error-Processor-8|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS1.5-TPB">{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor TPB|url= http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/14-264/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-5-Human-Error-Processor-TPB|publisher= [[Dark Horse Comics]]|access-date= October 12, 2012|archive-date= September 20, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920024827/http://www.darkhorse.com/Books/14-264/Ghost-in-the-Shell-1-5-Human-Error-Processor-TPB|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name=GITS1.5-US-KC>{{cite web|title= Ghost in the Shell 1.5|url= http://www.randomhouse.com/book/213293/the-ghost-in-the-shell-15-by-shirow-masamune|publisher= [[Kodansha Comics]]|access-date= October 31, 2012|archive-date= November 2, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121102234157/http://www.randomhouse.com/book/213293/the-ghost-in-the-shell-15-by-shirow-masamune|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="HC-boxset">{{cite book|title= The Ghost in the Shell Deluxe Complete Box Set|url= https://kodansha.us/volume/the-ghost-in-the-shell-deluxe-complete-box-set/|publisher= [[Kodansha Comics]]|access-date= December 31, 2022|archive-date= April 10, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210410150307/https://kodansha.us/volume/the-ghost-in-the-shell-deluxe-complete-box-set/|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="Fully-Compiled-HC">{{cite web|title= The Ghost in the Shell: Fully Compiled (Complete Hardcover Collection)|url= https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/712238/the-ghost-in-the-shell-fully-compiled-complete-hardcover-collection-by-shirow-masamune/|publisher= [[Kodansha Comics]]|access-date= December 31, 2022|archive-date= December 31, 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221231200930/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/712238/the-ghost-in-the-shell-fully-compiled-complete-hardcover-collection-by-shirow-masamune/|url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="GITS:HA-announcement">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/ghost-in-the-shell-is-launching-a-new-manga-the-human-algorithm|title=Ghost In the Shell Is Launching a New Manga: The Human Algorithm|date=August 23, 2019|publisher=[[cbr.com]]|access-date=May 21, 2020|archive-date=September 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915035640/https://www.cbr.com/ghost-in-the-shell-is-launching-a-new-manga-the-human-algorithm/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ANN-announcement">{{cite web|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=August 20, 2019|title=Ghost in the Shell Gets New Manga Set After GITS 1.5|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-08-20/ghost-in-the-shell-gets-new-manga-set-after-gits-1.5/.150214|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223215000/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-08-20/ghost-in-the-shell-gets-new-manga-set-after-gits-1.5/.150214|archive-date=December 23, 2019|access-date=June 20, 2020|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref>

<ref name="NA-release">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2020-03-19/kodansha-usa-publishing-reveals-summer-and-fall-2020-debuting-print-titles/.157654|title=Kodansha USA Publishing Reveals Summer & Fall 2020 Debuting Print Titles|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=June 20, 2020|date=March 19, 2020|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319060558/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2020-03-19/kodansha-usa-publishing-reveals-summer-and-fall-2020-debuting-print-titles/.157654|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GITS:HA-P2-announcement">{{cite web|last1=Mateo|first1=Alex|title=Monthly Young Magazine Combines With Yanmaga Web, Rebrands|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-11-18/monthly-young-magazine-combines-with-yanmaga-web-rebrands/.179690|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=September 30, 2022|date=November 18, 2021|archive-date=September 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930134648/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-11-18/monthly-young-magazine-combines-with-yanmaga-web-rebrands/.179690|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GIST:HA-END">{{cite web |last1=Pineda |first1=Rafael Antonio |title=Ghost in the Shell: The Human Algorithm Manga to End in 8th Volume |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-11-24/ghost-in-the-shell-the-human-algorithm-manga-to-end-in-8th-volume/.218245 |website=[[Anime News Network]] |access-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125043202/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-11-24/ghost-in-the-shell-the-human-algorithm-manga-to-end-in-8th-volume/.218245 |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |date=November 24, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Natalie-THA-Start">{{cite web|script-title=ja:「攻殻機動隊1.5」の後の世界を描く新連載、トグサ・バトーらが難事件に挑む|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/347757|website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]]|publisher=Natasha, Inc.|access-date=July 13, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814120933/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/347757|archive-date=August 14, 2023|language=ja|date=September 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!-- RELATED MEDIA -->

<ref name="Cyberdelics">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊 Cyberdelics|url=http://www.bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3363015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111014442/http://bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3363015|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=November 24, 2012|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|language=ja}}</ref>

<ref name="Mechanical Analysis Reader">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊メカニカル解析読本|url=http://www.bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3198901|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111014259/http://bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3198901|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=May 12, 2013|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|language=ja}}</ref>

<ref name="Fuchikoma Papercraft">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊フチコマ立体図鑑|url=http://www.bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3343170|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111014440/http://bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3343170|archive-date=November 11, 2013|access-date=November 12, 2012|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|language=ja}}</ref>

<ref name="Video game">{{cite web|script-title=ja:攻殻機動隊 Ghost in the Shell|url=http://www.jp.playstation.com/software/title/scps10043.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616041314/http://www.jp.playstation.com/software/title/scps10043.html|archive-date=June 16, 2013|access-date=December 19, 2012|publisher=[[Sony Computer Entertainment]]}}</ref>

<ref name="Arise-TV">{{cite web|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=February 17, 2015|title=Ghost in the Shell: Arise's Broadcast to Add 2 New Episodes|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-02-17/ghost-in-the-shell-arise-broadcast-to-add-2-new-episodes/.85069|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730054600/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-02-17/ghost-in-the-shell-arise-broadcast-to-add-2-new-episodes/.85069|archive-date=July 30, 2017|access-date=February 17, 2015|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ghost in the Shell}}
* [https://theghostintheshell.jp/en Official website]
* [https://kodansha.us/series/the-ghost-in-the-shell/ Kodansha USA publishing page]
* [http://www.ghostintheshell.com.au/ Madman Entertainment's Australian distribution release site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218110128/http://www.ghostintheshell.com.au/|date=February 18, 2017 }}
* {{Anime News Network|manga|1590}}

{{Ghost in the Shell}}
{{Masamune Shirow}}
{{Weekly Young Magazine - 1980s–1990s}}
{{Monthly Young Magazine}}
{{YanMaga Web}}
{{Comic Days}}

[[Category:1997 manga]]
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[[Category:Ghost in the Shell anime and manga| ]]
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