View source for Erich Maria Remarque

{{short description|German-born novelist (1898–1970)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Erich Maria Remarque
| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R04034, Erich Maria Remarque (cropped).jpg
| caption = Remarque in 1929
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|06|22|df=y}}
| birth_name = Erich Paul Remark
| birth_place = [[Osnabrück]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], German Empire
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|1970|9|25|1898|6|22|df=y}}}}
| death_place = [[Locarno]], Switzerland
| occupation = Novelist
| nationality =
| citizenship = {{ubl|Germany (1898–1938)|[[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1938–1947)|United States (1947–1970)}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Ilse Jutta Zambona|1925|1930|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Ilse Jutta Zambona|1938|1957|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Paulette Goddard]]|1958}}
}}
| notableworks =
}}

'''Erich Maria Remarque''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ə|ˈ|m|ɑːr|k}}; {{IPA|de|ˈeːʁɪç maˈʁiːa ʁəˈmaʁk|lang|De-Erich Maria Remarque.ogg}};<ref>[https://www.duden.de/node/120764/revision/1275735 "Remarque"]. Duden Online. Retrieved 7 October 2022.</ref> born '''Erich Paul Remark''';<ref>{{Cite web |title=People{{!}} Goethe-Institut UK |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/en/kul/lue/uak/per.cfm?personId=1231 |access-date=2022-10-03 |website=www.goethe.de}}</ref> 22 June 1898&nbsp;– 25 September 1970) was a German-born novelist. His landmark novel ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (1928), based on his experience in the [[Imperial German Army]] during [[World War I]], was an international bestseller which created a new literary genre of veterans writing about conflict. The book was adapted to [[All Quiet on the Western Front#Adaptations|film]] several times. Remarque's anti-war themes led to his condemnation by [[Nazi]] propaganda minister [[Joseph Goebbels]] as "unpatriotic". He was able to use his literary success and fame to relocate to Switzerland as a refugee, and to the United States, where he became a [[naturalized citizen]].

==Early life==
Remarque was born on 22 June 1898, as Erich Paul Remark, to Peter Franz Remark and Anna Maria ({{nee|Stallknecht}}), a working-class [[Roman Catholic]] family in [[Osnabrück]].<ref name="Robertson, William">{{cite web|author=Robertson, William|title=Erich Remarque|url=http://remarque.org/about_remarque.html|access-date=25 June 2009}}</ref> He was never close with his father, a [[bookbinder]], but he was close with his mother and he began using the middle name Maria after World War&nbsp;I in her honor.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berlatsky|first=Noah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5IBmDwAAQBAJ|title=War in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front|date=2013-02-15|publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC|isbn=978-0-7377-6808-4|pages=18|language=en}}</ref> Remarque was the third of four children of Peter and Anna. His siblings were his older sister Erna, older brother Theodor Arthur (who died at the age of five or six), and younger sister [[Elfriede Scholz|Elfriede]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Erich Maria Remarque Biography|url=https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/all-quiet-on-the-western-front/erich-maria-remarque-biography|access-date=7 August 2020|website=CliffsNotes}}</ref>

The spelling of his last name was changed to Remarque when he published ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' in honor of his French ancestors and in order to disassociate himself from his earlier novel ''[[The Dream Room]]'' ({{lang|de|Die Traumbude}}).<ref name="Murdoch" /> His grandfather had changed the spelling from Remarque to Remark in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Remarque |first=Erich Maria |date=1975 |title=All quiet on the western front |url=https://search.schlowlibrary.org/Record/286293/Description |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=Schlow Centre Region Library |language=English}}</ref> Research{{When|date=August 2021}} by Remarque's childhood and lifelong friend Hanns-Gerd Rabe proved that Remarque had French ancestors{{snd}} his great-grandfather Johann Adam Remarque, who was born in 1789, came from a French family in [[Aachen]].<ref>Landová, Jolana: ''Exil, Krieg und Flucht in Frankreich zwischen 1933 und 1941, dargestellt an ausgewählten Werken deutscher Schriftsteller'', Charles University in Prague, 2009, p.&nbsp;46.</ref> This is contrary to the falsehood{{snd}} perpetuated by Nazi propaganda{{snd}} that his real last name was [[Kramer (surname)|Kramer]] ("Remark" spelled backwards) and that he was Jewish.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berlatsky|first=Noah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5IBmDwAAQBAJ&q=kramer|title=War in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front|date=2013-02-15|publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC|isbn=978-0-7377-6808-4|pages=42|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scally|first=Derek|title=An unquiet life – Erich Maria Remarque and 'All Quiet on the Western Front'|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-unquiet-life-erich-maria-remarque-and-all-quiet-on-the-western-front-1.3772230|access-date=2021-08-07|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en}}</ref>

==Military service==
During World War I, Remarque was [[Conscription|conscripted]] into the [[Imperial German Army]] at the age of 18. On 12&nbsp;June 1917, he was transferred to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], 2nd&nbsp;Company, Reserves, Field Depot of the [[2nd Guards Reserve Division (German Empire)|2nd&nbsp;Guards Reserve Division]] at [[Hem-Lenglet]]. On 26&nbsp;June 1917 he was posted to the 15th&nbsp;Reserve Infantry Regiment, 2nd&nbsp;Company, Engineer Platoon Bethe, and fought in the trenches between [[Torhout]] and [[Houthulst]]. On 31&nbsp;July 1917 he was wounded by shell [[Shrapnel shell|shrapnel]] in his left leg, right arm and neck, and after being medically evacuated from the field was repatriated to an army hospital in [[Duisburg]], where he recovered from his wounds. In October 1918, he was recalled to military service, but the war's [[armistice]] a month later put an end to his military career.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erich Maria Remarque: In Depth |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/erich-maria-remarque-in-depth#:~:text=World%20War%20I%20played%20a,trench%20warfare%20in%20Flanders%2C%20Belgium. |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum}}</ref>

==Post-war employment==
After the war he continued his teacher training and worked from 1&nbsp;August 1919 as a primary-school teacher in [[Wietmarschen|Lohne]], at that time in the county of Lingen, now in the county of [[Grafschaft Bentheim|Bentheim]]. From May 1920 he worked in [[Klein Berssen]] in the former County of [[Hümmling (district)|Hümmling]], now [[Emsland]], and from August 1920 in [[Nahne]], which has been a part of Osnabrück since 1972. On 20&nbsp;November 1920 he applied for leave of absence from teaching. 

He worked at a number of different jobs in this phase of his life, including librarian, businessman, journalist, and editor. His first paid writing job was as a technical writer for the [[Continental AG|Continental Rubber Company]], a German tire manufacturer.<ref name=Motor196908>{{cite magazine|title=Exactly as it happened... (the story of an encounter in Ticino with Remarque and the coach-built Lancia Dilambda, which following ''All Quiet on the Western Front'', he purchased in 1931 and retained till the late 1960s)|magazine=[[The Motor (magazine)|Motor]]|volume=3506|pages=26–30|date=30 August 1969}}</ref>

==Writing career==
Remarque had made his first attempts at writing at the age of 16. Among them were essays, poems, and the beginnings of a novel that was finished later and published in 1920 as ''The Dream Room'' ({{lang|de|Die Traumbude}}). Between 1923 and 1926 he also scripted a comic series, {{lang|de|Die Contibuben}}, drawn by Hermann Schütz, published in the magazine ''Echo Continental'', a publication by the rubber and tire company [[Continental&nbsp;AG]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/s/schuetz_hermann.htm |title=Hermann Schütz |website=lambiek.net |access-date=July 22, 2022}}</ref>

After coming back from the war, the atrocities of war along with his mother's death caused him a great deal of mental trauma and grief. In later years as a professional writer, he started using "Maria" as his middle name instead of "Paul", to commemorate his mother.<ref name=":0" /> When he published ''All Quiet on the Western Front'', he had his surname reverted to an earlier spelling{{snd}} from Remark to Remarque{{snd}} to disassociate himself from his novel {{lang|de|Die Traumbude}}.<ref name="Murdoch">Afterword by Brian Murdoch, translator of 1996 English edition of {{cite book |title=All Quiet on the Western Front |year=1996 |publisher=Vintage Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-09-953281-1 |page=201}}</ref>

In 1927, he published the novel ''[[Station at the Horizon]]'' ({{lang|de|Station am Horizont}}). It was serialised in the sports journal {{lang|de|Sport im Bild}} for which Remarque was working. (It was first published in book form in 1998.) ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' ({{lang|de|Im Westen nichts Neues}}) (1929), his career-defining work, was also written in 1927. Remarque was at first unable to find a publisher for it.<ref name="Robertson, William"/> Its text described the experiences of German soldiers during World War&nbsp;I. On publication it became an international bestseller and a landmark work in twentieth-century literature. It inspired a new genre of veterans writing about conflict, and the commercial publication of a wide variety of war memoirs. It also inspired dramatic representations of the war in theatre and cinema, in Germany as well as in countries that had fought in the conflict against the [[German Empire]], particularly the United Kingdom and the United States.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-K1018-513, Erich Maria Remarque.jpg|thumb|upright|Remarque in 1939]]

Riding on the tail of the success of ''All Quiet on the Western Front'', a number of similar works followed from Remarque. In simple, emotive language, they described wartime and the postwar years in Germany. In 1931, after finishing ''[[The Road Back]]'' ({{lang|de|Der Weg zurück}}), he bought a villa ([[Casa Monte Tabor]]) in [[Ronco sopra Ascona|Ronco]], Switzerland with the substantial financial wealth that his published works had brought him. He planned to live both there and in France.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

On 10 May 1933, at the initiative of the [[Nazism|Nazi]] propaganda minister [[Joseph Goebbels]], Remarque's writing was publicly declared as "unpatriotic" and was banned in Germany. Copies were removed from all libraries and restricted from being sold or published anywhere in the country.

Germany was rapidly descending into a totalitarian society, leading to mass arrests of elements of the population of which the new governing order disapproved. Remarque left Germany to live at his villa in Switzerland. His French background as well as his Catholic faith were also publicly attacked by the Nazis. They continued to decry his writings in his absence, proclaiming that anyone who would change the spelling of his name from the German "Remark" to the French "Remarque" could not be a true German. The Nazis further made the false claim that Remarque had not seen active service during World War&nbsp;I. In 1938, Remarque's German citizenship was revoked. In 1939, he and his ex-wife were remarried to prevent her repatriation to Germany. Just before the outbreak of [[World War&nbsp;II]] in Europe, they left [[Ronco sopra Ascona|Porto Ronco]], Switzerland, for the United States.<ref>[http://library.albany.edu/speccoll/findaids/ger077.htm "Finding Aid for Erich Maria Remarque Papers, 1938–1973"], Department of Special Collections and Archives, State University of New York-Albany. 2009; accessed 31 July 2012.</ref> They became [[naturalised citizen]]s of the United States in 1947.<ref>{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Schneider |title=Erich Maria Remarque: Ein Chronist des 20.&nbsp;Jahrhunderts, Eine Biographie in Bildern und Dokumenten |lang=de |place=Germany |publisher=Rasch Verlag Bramsche |year=1991 |pages=94–95}}</ref>

Remarque continued to write about the German experience after WWI. His next novel, ''[[Three Comrades (novel)|Three Comrades]]'' ({{lang|de|Drei Kameraden}}), focuses on life in [[Weimar Republic]] in the years of 1928 and 1929. His fourth novel, ''[[Flotsam (novel)|Flotsam]]'' (in German titled {{lang|de|Liebe deinen Nächsten}}, or ''Love Thy Neighbour''), first appeared in a serial version in English translation in ''Collier's'' magazine in 1939. He spent another year revising the text for its book publication in 1941, both in English and German. His next work, the novel ''[[Arch of Triumph (novel)|Arch of Triumph]]'', was first published in 1945 in English, and the next year in German as {{lang|fr|Arc de Triomphe}}. Another instant bestseller, it reached worldwide sales of nearly five million. His final novel was ''[[Shadows in Paradise (novel)|Shadows in Paradise]]''. He wrote it while living at 320 East 57th Street in New York City. The apartment building "played a prominent role in his novel".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=235057&p=1560049 |title=Research Guides: Exiled German-speaking intellectuals in Southern California: Erich Maria Remarque |first=Michaela |last=Ullmann |website=libguides.usc.edu}}</ref>

In 1943, the Nazis arrested his youngest sister, Elfriede Scholz, who had stayed behind in Germany with her husband and two children. After a trial at the notorious {{lang|de|Volksgerichtshof}} (Hitler's extra-constitutional "[[People's Court (Germany)|People's Court]]"), she was found guilty of "undermining morale" for stating that she considered the war lost. Court President [[Roland Freisler]] declared, "{{lang|de|Ihr Bruder ist uns leider entwischt—Sie aber werden uns nicht entwischen}}" ("Your brother is unfortunately beyond our reach{{snd}} you, however, will not escape us.") Scholz was beheaded on 16 December 1943.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elfriede Scholz Obituary |url=http://www.osnabrueck-net.de/kulturnachrichten/151205a.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924040838/http://www.osnabrueck-net.de/kulturnachrichten/151205a.html |publisher=[[Osnabrück]] Cultural Website |language=de |date=15 December 2005 |access-date=25 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2009}}</ref> Remarque later said that his sister had been involved in anti-Nazi resistance activities.<ref>Remarque, Erich Maria. ''Vintage Remarque: All Quiet on the Western Front'' (2003), pg. 202.</ref>

In exile, Remarque was unaware of his sister Elfriede's fate until after the war. He would dedicate his 1952 novel ''[[Spark of Life (book)|Spark of Life]]'' ({{lang|de|Der Funke Leben}}) to her. The dedication was omitted in the German version of the book, reportedly because she was still seen as a traitor by some Germans.<ref name=SI>{{cite web |last1=Sauer |first1=Patrick |title=The Most Loved and Hated Novel About World War&nbsp;I |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/most-loved-and-hated-novel-about-world-war-I-180955540/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=21 June 2015 |date=16 June 2015}}</ref>

==Later years==
[[File:Remarque in gesprek, zittende in een armstoel in zijn woonkamer in de villa in P, Bestanddeelnr 254-4727.jpg|thumb|Remarque in 1961]]
In 1948, Remarque returned to Switzerland, where he spent the remainder of his life. There was a gap of seven years{{snd}} a long silence for Remarque{{snd}} between ''Arch of Triumph'' and his next work, ''Spark of Life'' ({{lang|de|Der Funke Leben}}), which appeared both in German and in English in 1952. While he was writing ''The Spark of Life'' he was also working on a novel {{lang|de|Zeit zu leben und Zeit zu sterben}} (''Time to Live and Time to Die'').{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} It was published first in English translation in 1954 with the not-quite-literal title ''A Time to Love and a Time to Die''. In 1958, [[Douglas Sirk]] directed the film ''[[A Time to Love and a Time to Die]]'' in Germany, based on Remarque's novel. Remarque appeared in the film  as an honorable teacher in hiding from the Nazis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0718871/|title=Erich Maria Remarque|website=IMDb|access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

In 1955, Remarque wrote the screenplay for an Austrian film ''The Last Act'' ({{lang|de|Der letzte Akt}}), about Hitler's final days in the [[Führerbunker|bunker]] of the [[Reich Chancellery]] in Berlin, which was based on the book ''Ten Days to Die'' (1950) by [[Michael Musmanno]]. In 1956, Remarque wrote a drama ''Full Circle'' ({{lang|de|Die letzte Station}}) for the stage, which played in both Germany and on Broadway. An English translation was published in 1974. ''[[Heaven Has No Favorites]]'' was serialised (as ''Borrowed Life'') in 1959 before appearing as a book in 1961 and was made into the 1977 film ''[[Bobby Deerfield]]''. ''[[The Night in Lisbon]]'' ({{lang|de|Die Nacht von Lissabon}}), published in 1962, is the last work Remarque finished. The novel sold about 900,000 copies in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

==Personal life==
[[File:Het echtpaar in hun woonkamer in de villa in Porto Ronco. Erich Maria Remarque z, Bestanddeelnr 254-4747.jpg|thumb|Remarque and Paulette Goddard in Ronco, Switzerland, 1961]]
Remarque's first marriage was to the actress Ilse Jutta Zambona in 1925.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm|title=Erich Maria Remarque|website=Books and Writers|first=Petri|last=Liukkonen|publisher=[[Kuusankoski]] Public Library|location=Finland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801173035/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm|archive-date=1 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The marriage was stormy and unfaithful on both sides. Remarque and Zambona divorced in 1930, but in 1933 they fled together to Switzerland.<ref>Taylor, Marvin J. [http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/fales/exhibits/remarque/documents/bio6.html ''The life and writings of Erich Maria Remarque''], New York: Fales Library, New York University, 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.</ref> In 1938, they remarried, to prevent her from being forced to return to Germany, and in 1939 they emigrated to the United States, where they both became naturalized citizens in 1947.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bloom|first=Harold|chapter=Chronology|title=Modern Critical Interpretations: Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|year=2001|page=157}}</ref> They divorced again on 20&nbsp;May 1957, this time for good. Ilse Remarque died on 25&nbsp;June 1975.

During the 1930s, Remarque had relationships with Austrian actress [[Hedy Lamarr]], Mexican actress [[Dolores del Río]],<ref>[http://latinasdeayer.blogspot.mx/2012/04/latinos-en-hollywood-dolores-del-rio.html ''Latins in Hollywood: Dolores del Río''], latinasdeayer.blogspot.mx; accessed 24 August 2017.</ref> and German actress [[Marlene Dietrich]].<ref>Connolly, Kate. [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/apr/18/culturaltrips.germany "Marlene and the wall"], ''The Guardian'', 18 April 2002.</ref> The affair with Dietrich began in September 1937, when they met on the Lido while in [[Venice]] for the [[Venice Film Festival|film festival]], and continued until at least 1940, maintained mostly by way of letters, telegrams and telephone calls. A selection of their letters was published in 2003 in the book {{lang|de|Sag mir, daß du mich liebst}} ("Tell Me That You Love Me")<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Fuld, Werner |editor2=Thomas F. Schneider |title=Dass Du Mich Liebst: Erich Maria Remarque&nbsp;— Marlene Dietrich Zeugnisse einer Leidenschaft |lang=de |trans-title=Tell Me That You Love Me: Erich Maria Remarque-Marlene Dietrich. Evidence of a Passion |place=Koln |publisher=Kiepenheuer & Witsch |year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/marlene-dietrich-und-remarque-madonna-meines-blutes-a-149892.html |title=Marlene Dietrich und Remarque: "Madonna meines Blutes" |lang=de |author=Susanne Weingarten |newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=13 August 2001}}</ref> and then in the 2011 play ''Puma''.<ref>Jones, Kenneth. [http://www.playbill.com/news/article/147946-Marlene-Dietrich-Is-Focus-of-Puma-a-NJ-Rep-World-Premiere-Starting-Feb-24 "Marlene Dietrich is Focus of Puma, a NJ Rep World Premiere Starting Feb. 24"], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224070227/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/147946-Marlene-Dietrich-Is-Focus-of-Puma-a-NJ-Rep-World-Premiere-Starting-Feb-24 |date=24 February 2013 }}, Playbill.com, 24 February 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.</ref>

Remarque married actress [[Paulette Goddard]] in 1958.<ref>{{cite news |last1=James |first1=Caryn |title=BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Made for Each Other, and Unfortunately So |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/17/books/books-of-the-times-made-for-each-other-and-unfortunately-so.html |access-date=29 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=17 August 1995 |pages=16}}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Remarque died of heart failure at the age of 72 in [[Locarno]] on 25 September 1970.<ref>''Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 56: German Fiction Writers, 1914–1945''. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by James Hardin, University of South Carolina. The Gale Group, 1987. pp. 222–241.</ref> His body was buried in the Ronco Cemetery in [[Ronco sopra Ascona|Ronco]], [[Canton of Ticino|Ticino]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/26/archives/erich-maria-remarque-is-dead-novels-recorded-agony-of-war-erich.html |title=Erich Maria Remarque Is Dead; Novels Recorded Agony of War |newspaper=The New York Times |date=Sep 26, 1970}}</ref> 

Goddard, Remarque's wife, died in 1990, and her body was interred next to her husband's. She left a bequest of US$20&nbsp;million to [[New York University]] to fund an institute for European studies, which is named in honour of Remarque,<ref>Lorch, Donatella. [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/18/nyregion/paulette-goddard-left-nyu-20-million.html "Paulette Goddard Left N.Y.U. $20&nbsp;Million"], ''New York Times'', 18 May 1990; accessed 29 July 2012.</ref> as well as funding "Goddard Hall" on the [[Greenwich Village]] campus in [[New York City]].{{cn|date=August 2022}}

[[File:Erich Maria Remarque Gedenktafel Kaiserdamm.jpg|thumb|[[Commemorative plaque|A commemorative plaque]] in memory of Erich Maria Remarque on [[Kaiserdamm]] [[Boulevard]] in Berlin]] [[File:Erich Maria Remarque Gedenktafel.jpg|thumb|[[Commemorative plaque|A commemorative plaque]] in memory of Erich Maria Remarque at the Wittelsbacherstrasse&nbsp;5 in Berlin, unveiled on 22&nbsp;June 1972]] The first director of The Remarque Institute was Professor [[Tony Judt]].<ref> 
 [http://remarque.as.nyu.edu/page/history "About Us"], Remarque Institute. New York University; accessed 29 July 2012.</ref> Remarque's papers are housed at NYU's [[Fales Library]].<ref>Taylor, Marvin J. [http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/ fales/ exhibits/remarque/documents/intro.html "Introduction"], ''The life and writings of Erich Maria Remarque''. New York: Fales Library, New York University, 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.</ref>

After Erich Maria Remarque's death in 1970, his wife Paulette Goddard lived in the villa until her death in 1990. The villa was bequeathed to New York University as part of the estate of Paulette Goddard.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Since New York University was not prepared to pay the associated inheritance tax of 18 million Swiss francs to the Canton of Ticino, the villa was confiscated by the canton.

The canton offered the villa at an auction around 2010, but there was initially no buyer, probably due to the high price and the high costs of modernizing the property.{{cn|date=October 2024}} However by 2021, the property was finally purchased by a German couple who wish to preserve Casa Monte Tabor as a place to promote peace and preserve the legacy of Erich Maria Remarque. It will continue to be used for events on peace topics. The villa has been extensively renovated in 2023.

==List of works==
Note: the dates of English publications are those of the first publications in book form.

===Novels===
[[File:Remarque Im Westen nichts Neues 1929.jpg|thumb|150px|{{lang|de|Im Westen nichts Neues}}, 1929 original version]]
* (1920) {{lang|de|Die Traumbude. Ein Künstlerroman}}; English translation: ''[[The Dream Room]]''
* (written 1924, published 1998) {{lang|de|Gam}}
* (1928) {{lang|de|Station am Horizont}}; English translation: ''[[Station at the Horizon]]''
* (1929) {{lang|de|Im Westen nichts Neues}}; English translation: ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (1929)
* (1931) {{lang|de|Der Weg zurück}}; English translation: ''[[The Road Back]]'' (1931)
* (1936) {{lang|de|Drei Kameraden}}; English translation: ''[[Three Comrades (novel)|Three Comrades]]'' (1937)
* (1939) {{lang|de|Liebe deinen Nächsten}}; English translation: ''[[Flotsam (novel)|Flotsam]]'' (1941)
* (1945) {{lang|de|Arc de Triomphe}}; English translation: ''[[Arch of Triumph (novel)|Arch of Triumph]]'' (1945) (Reviewed by Dr. [[Albert Simard]] in ''[[Free World (magazine)|Free World]]''<ref>Simard, Albert C.J., "[https://books.google.com/books?id=IJsIAQAAIAAJ&q=Simard Nothing quiet...]"  ''Arch of Triumph'', by Erich Maria Remarque. ''[[Free World (magazine)|Free World]]'', March 1946, p. 72.</ref>)
* (1952) {{lang|de|Der Funke Leben}}; English translation: ''[[Spark of Life (novel)|Spark of Life]]'' (1952)
* (1954) {{lang|de|Zeit zu leben und Zeit zu sterben}}; English translation: ''A Time to Love and a Time to Die'' (1954)
* (1956) {{lang|de|Der schwarze Obelisk}}; English translation: ''[[The Black Obelisk]]'' (1957)
* (1961) {{lang|de|Der Himmel kennt keine Günstlinge}} (serialized as {{lang|de|Geborgtes Leben}}); English translation: ''[[Heaven Has No Favorites]]'' (1961)
* (1962) {{lang|de|Die Nacht von Lissabon}}; English translation: ''[[The Night in Lisbon]]'' (1964)
* (1970) {{lang|de|Das gelobte Land}}; English translation: ''The Promised Land'' (2014)
* (1971) {{lang|de|Schatten im Paradies}}; English translation: ''[[Shadows in Paradise (novel)|Shadows in Paradise]]'' (1972)

===Other works===
* (1931) {{lang|de|Der Feind}}; English translation: ''The Enemy'' (1930–1931); short stories
* (1955) {{lang|de|Der letzte Akt}}; English translation: ''The Last Act''; screenplay
* (1956) {{lang|de|Die letzte Station}}; English translation: ''Full Circle'' (1974); play
* (1988) {{lang|de|Die Heimkehr des Enoch J. Jones}}; English translation: ''The Return of Enoch J. Jones''; play
* (1994) {{lang|de|Ein militanter Pazifist}}; English translation: ''A Militant Pacifist''; interviews and essays

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [[Exilliteratur]]

{{-}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |first=Mariana |last=Parvanová |title="... das Symbol der Ewigkeit ist der Kreis". Eine Untersuchung der Motive in den Romanen von Erich Maria Remarque |publisher=GRIN-Verlag |location=München |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-640-64739-2|language=de}}
* {{cite book |first=Mariana |last=Parvanová |title=E. M. Remarque in der kommunistischen Literaturkritik in der Sowjetunion und in Bulgarien |publisher=ReDiRoma Verlag |location=Remscheid |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-86870-056-5|language=de}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links |author=Erich Maria Remarque |b=no |commonscat=Erich Maria Remarque |n=no  |q=Erich Maria Remarque|v=no |wikt=no}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Remarque, Erich Maria|name=Erich Maria Remarque|author=yes}}
* {{Helveticat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181006222434/http://remarque.chkebelski.de/index_e.html Multilingual pages about Erich Maria Remarque]
* {{Find a Grave|9202}}
* [http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/fales/pdfs/remarquefa.pdf German Language Guide to the Remarque papers at NYU's Fales Library]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Erich Maria Remarque}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/014417}}

{{Remarque}}
{{All Quiet on the Western Front}}
{{German literature}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Remarque, Erich Maria}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century German male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century German novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century German short story writers]]
[[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American people of French descent]]
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[[Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
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[[Category:Exilliteratur writers]]
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[[Category:German male short story writers]]
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[[Category:War writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Osnabrück]]