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{{Short description|French comic book creator and film director (born 1951)}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image         =
| caption       = Enki Bilal in October 2017
| birth_name    = Enes Bilal
| birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1951|10|7|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Belgrade]], [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|PR Serbia]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
| death_date    =
| death_place   =
| nationality   = French, Serbian
| area          = Artist, writer, director
| alias         =
| notable works = ''[[Nikopol Trilogy]]'', ''Légendes d'Aujourd'hui'', ''Partie de chasse''
| awards        = [[#Awards|Full list]]
}}
'''Enki Bilal''' (born '''Enes Bilal'''; born 7 October 1951) is a French [[comic book creator]] and film director.

==Biography==
===Early life===
Bilal was born in [[Belgrade]], [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|PR Serbia]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]],<ref>[http://www.popboks.com/tekst.php?ID=6130 Život bez formata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209013803/http://www.popboks.com/tekst.php?ID=6130 |date=2008-02-09 }};Popboks, December 26, 2007</ref> to a [[Czechs in Serbia|Czech]] mother, Ana, who came to Belgrade as child from [[Karlovy Vary]], and a [[Bosnians|Bosnian]] Muslim father, Muhamed Hamo Bilal, from [[Ljubuški]], who had been [[Josip Broz Tito]]'s tailor. When he was five years old, his father managed to take a trip and stay in [[Paris]] as a political émigré. Enki and the rest of the family, his mother Ana and sister Enisa, stayed in Yugoslavia, and four years later they followed.<ref name=lambiek-bilal>{{Cite web|last=Lambiek Comiclopedia|title=Enki Bilal|url=http://lambiek.net/artists/b/bilal.htm}}</ref><ref name="Sadiković-2013-Bilal">{{cite web |author1=Dr. Halid Sadiković |title=Enki Bilal |url=http://ljubusaci.com/2013/09/12/enki-bilal/ |website=Ljubušaci.com |access-date=4 July 2020 |language=bs |date=12 September 2013}}</ref> Enki Bilal has no sense of belonging to any ethnic group and religion, nor is he obsessed with soil and roots. He said in one interview: "I also feel Bosnian by my father's origin, a Serb by my place of birth and a Croat by my relationship with a certain one to my childhood friends, not to mention my other Czech half, who I am inherited from mother".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Enki Bilal|title=Enki Bilal|url=http://www.ljubusaci.com/2013/09/12/enki-bilal/|date=September 12, 2013}}</ref>

===Education and career===
At age 14, he met [[René Goscinny]] and with his encouragement applied his talent to comics. He produced work for Goscinny's [[Franco-Belgian comics]] magazine ''[[Pilote]]'' in the 1970s, publishing his first story, ''Le Bol Maudit'', in 1972.

In 1975, Bilal began working with script writer [[Pierre Christin]] on a series of dark and surreal tales, resulting in the body of work titled ''Légendes d'Aujourd'hui''.

In 1983, Bilal was asked by film director [[Alain Resnais]] to collaborate on his film ''[[La vie est un roman]]'', for which Bilal provided painted images that were incorporated in the "medieval" episodes of the film.

He is best known for the ''Nikopol'' trilogy (''[[La Foire aux immortels]]'', ''[[La Femme piège]]'' and ''[[Froid Équateur]]''), which took more than a decade to complete. Bilal wrote the script and did the artwork. The final chapter, ''Froid Équateur'', was chosen book of the year by the magazine ''[[Lire (magazine)|Lire]]'' and is acknowledged by the inventor of [[chess boxing]], [[Iepe Rubingh]] as the inspiration for the sport.

''[[Quatre?]]'' (2007), the last book in the ''Hatzfeld'' [[tetralogy]],  deals with the breakup of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] from a future viewpoint. The first installment came in 1998 in the shape of ''[[Le Sommeil du Monstre]]'' opening with the main character, Nike, remembering the war in a series of traumatic flashbacks. The third chapter of the tetralogy is ''Rendez-vous à Paris'' (2006), which was the fifth best selling new comic of 2006, with 280,000 copies sold.<ref name=TCR>{{cite web|last=Beatty|first=Bart|url=http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/briefings/eurocomics/8313/ |title=ACBD Status Report for 2006 |publisher=The Comics Reporter|date=January 3, 2007}}</ref>

His cinematic career was revived with the expensive ''[[Immortel (Ad Vitam)|Immortel]]'', his first attempt to adapt his books to the screen. The film divided critics, some panning the use of CGI characters but others seeing it as a faithful reinterpretation of the books.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

On 13 May 2008 a video game based on the ''Nikopol'' trilogy was announced titled ''Nikopol: Secrets of the Immortals''. Published in North America by Got Game Entertainment in August 2008, the game is a "point and click" adventure for the PC; however, the Lead Designer was Marc Rutschlé<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikopol: Secrets of the Immortals credits (Windows, 2008) |url=https://www.mobygames.com/game/36518/nikopol-secrets-of-the-immortals/credits/windows/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=MobyGames |language=en}}</ref> and not Bilal himself, who was the art designer, along with [[Yoshitaka Amano]], for the video game ''[[Beyond Good and Evil 2]]''.

In 2012, Bilal was featured in a solo exhibition at [[The Louvre]]. The exhibition, titled "The Ghosts of the Louvre", ran from 20 December 2012 to 18 March 2013. The exhibition was organized by Fabrice Douar, and featured a series of paintings of "Ghosts", done atop photographs that Bilal took of the Louvre's collection.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Louvre Exhibitions|title=The Ghosts of the Louvre, Enki Bilal|url=http://www.louvre.fr/en/expositions/ghosts-louvre-enki-bilal|date=December 20, 2012}}</ref>

==Awards==
*1980: Prix RTL – ''for best adult comic''<ref name=eb-bio>[http://bilal.enki.free.fr/biographie.php3 Enki Bilal biography] bilal.enki.free.fr</ref>
*1987: [[Angoulême International Comics Festival|Angoulême Festival]], France, [[Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême#1980s|Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême]]<ref name="toutenBD-awards87">{{cite web|last=ToutEnBD|title=Le Palmarès 1987|url=http://www.toutenbd.com/article.php3?id_article=839|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212193327/http://www.toutenbd.com/article.php3?id_article=839|archive-date=December 12, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last = Dutrey|first = Jacques|title = Enki Bilal Wins Top Prize at Angoulême|journal = [[The Comics Journal]]|issue = 116|page = 130|publisher = [[Fantagraphics Books]]|date = July 1987}}</ref>
*1993: Best book of the year Award from ''[[Lire (magazine)|Lire]]'' magazine<ref name=eb-bio/>
*1997: [[Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film]], Special Mention<ref>{{Cite web|last=La Médiathèque|title=1997|url=http://www.lamediatheque.be/dec/cinema/film_fantastique/1997.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120527084231/http://www.lamediatheque.be/dec/cinema/film_fantastique/1997.php|archive-date=May 27, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*1999: [[Adamson Awards|Adamson Award]], [[Sweden]], for Best International Comic Book Cartoonist
*1999: Angoulême Festival, Nominated for [[Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Best Comic Book#1990s|Best comic book]]
*2004: Angoulême Festival, Nominated for [[Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize Awarded by the Audience|Audience award]]
*2004: Fantasia Ubisoft Festival, Gold medal for Best Groundbreaking Film, Bronze Medal for Best International Film (public prizes)<ref>[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/pressrelease.php?id=479 Press release] Fantasia Ubisoft 2004 Festival</ref>
*2006: [[International Horror Guild Award]], Best Illustrated Narrative, for ''Memories''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.horroraward.org/prevrec.html#2005 |title=IHG Award Recipients (2005) |access-date=November 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422073428/http://horroraward.org/prevrec.html#2005 |archive-date=April 22, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Bibliography==

===''Légendes d'Aujourd'hui''===
:(written by [[Pierre Christin]])
* ''La Croisière des oubliés'' (1975, [[Dargaud]]; ''The Cruise of Lost Souls'', also translated as ''The Voyage Of Those Forgotten'')
* ''Le Vaisseau de pierre'' (1976, [[Dargaud]]; ''Ship of Stone'', also translated as ''Progress!'')
* ''La ville qui n'existait pas'' (1977, [[Dargaud]]; ''The Town That Didn't Exist'', also translated as ''The City That Didn't Exist'')

===''Fins de Siècle''===
:(written by [[Pierre Christin]])
* ''[[The Black Order Brigade|Les Phalanges de l'ordre noir]]'' (1979, [[Dargaud]]; ''The Black Order Brigade'')
* ''[[The Hunting Party (comics)|Partie de chasse]]'' (1983, [[Dargaud]]; ''The Hunting Party'')

===''Nikopol''===
* ''[[La Foire aux immortels]]'' (1980, [[Dargaud]]; ''The Carnival of Immortals'')
* ''[[La Femme piège]]'' (1986, [[Dargaud]]; ''The Woman Trap'')
* ''[[Froid Équateur]]'' (1992, [[Les Humanoïdes Associés]]; ''Cold Equator'')

===''Monstre''===
* ''[[Le Sommeil du monstre]]'' (1998, [[Les Humanoïdes Associés]]; ''The Dormant Beast'')
* ''32 Décembre'' (2003, [[Les Humanoïdes Associés]]; ''December 32'')
* ''[[Rendez-vous à Paris]]'' (2006, [[Casterman]]; ''Rendezvous in Paris'')
* ''[[Quatre?]]'' (2007, [[Casterman]]; ''Four?'')

===''Coup de Sang''===
* ''Animal'Z'' (2009, [[Casterman]])
* ''Julia & Roem'' (2011, [[Casterman]])
* ''La Couleur de l'Air'' (2014, [[Casterman]])

===''Bug''===
* “Tome 1” (2017, [[Casterman]])
* “Tome 2” (2019, [[Casterman]])
* “Tome 3” (2022, [[Casterman]])

===Other===
* ''Mémoires d'outre-espace, Histoires courtes 1974–1977'' (''Memories From Outer Space'', 1978)
* ''[[Exterminator 17|Exterminateur 17]]'' (''Exterminator 17'', 1979; written by Jean-Pierre Dionnet)
* ''Los Angeles – L'Étoile oubliée de Laurie Bloom'' (''Los Angeles – The Forgotten Star of Laurie Bloom'', 1984)
* ''Hors Jeu'' (''Off Play'', 1987; with Patrick Cauvin)
* ''Coeurs sanglants et autres faits divers'' (''Bleeding Hearts and Other Stories'', 1988; written by Pierre Christin)
* ''Bleu Sang'' (''Blue Blood'', 1994)
* ''Mémoires d'autre temps, Histoires courtes 1971–1981'' (''Memories From Other Times'', 1996)
* ''EnkiBilalAnDeuxMilleUn'' (''EnkiBilalInTwoThousandOne'', 1996)
* ''Tykho Moon – livre d'un film'' (''Tykho Moon – Book of a Film'', 1996)
* ''Un Siècle d'Amour'' (''A century of Love '', 1999)
* ''Le Sarcophage'' (''The Sarcophagus'', 2000)
* ''Magma'' (2000)
* ''Les Fantômes du Louvre'' (2012)

===English translations===

====Comics in ''Heavy Metal ''Magazine====
From its start through the 1980s, Bilal was a frequent contributor to the American ''[[Heavy Metal (magazine)|Heavy Metal]]'' magazine. Many notable Bilal comics made their English debut in this period of the magazine. Although shorter stories appeared later in the '90s, ''Heavy Metal'' readers had to wait until 2012 for another graphic novel feature from Bilal.

'''Graphic novels'''
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!English title!!Date (start)!!Issue (start)!!Date (end)!!Issue (end)!!Writer!!Number <br>of pages
|-
|''[[Exterminator 17]]''
|1978/10
|Vol. 2 No. 6
|1979/03
|Vol. 2 No. 11
|Jean-Pierre Dionnet
|60
|-
|''Progress!''
|1980/07
|Vol. 4 No. 4
|1980/11
|Vol. 4 No. 8
|[[Pierre Christin]]
|54
|-
|''[[The Nikopol Trilogy]]: The Immortals' Fete''
|1981/05
|Vol. 5 No. 2
|1981/12
|Vol. 5 No. 9
|Enki Bilal
|62
|-
|''The Voyage of Those Forgotten''
|1982/04
|Vol. 6 No. 1
|1982/11
|Vol. 6 No. 8
|Pierre Christin
|52
|-
|''The City That Didn't Exist''
|1983/03
|Vol. 6 No. 12
|1983/09
|Vol. 7 No. 6
|Pierre Christin
|54
|-
|''[[The Hunting Party (comics)|The Hunting Party]]''
|1984/06
|Vol. 8 No. 3
|1985/03
|Vol. 8 No. 12
|Pierre Christin
|82
|-
|''[[The Nikopol Trilogy]]: The Trapped Woman''
| 1986/Fall
|Vol. 10 No. 3
|colspan="2" align="center"| same as start
|Enki Bilal
|54
|-
|''Animal'z''
|2012/03
|March 2012
|2014/04
|270
|Enki Bilal
|87
|}

'''Short stories'''
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!English title!!Date!!Issue!!Note!!Number of pages
|-
|width="40%" |"Crossroads of the Universe"
|width="13%" |1977/07
|width="20%" |Vol. 1 No. 4
|width="20%" |reprinted in Greatest Hits 1994
|width="7%" |7
|-
|"The Death of Orlaon, or: Legendary Immortality"
|1978/07
|Vol. 2 No. 3
|reprinted in The Best of 1982
|4
|-
|"Ultimate Negotiations"
|1979/01
|Vol. 2 No. 9
|
|4
|-
|"True Tales of Outer Space: The Planet of no Return"
|1979/02
|Vol. 2 No. 10
|
|7
|-
|"Going Native"
|1979/04
|Vol. 2 No. 12
|
|7
|-
|"The Road to Ruin"
|1980/02
|Vol. 3 No. 10
|written by Pierre De La Varech
|2
|-
|"Of Needle and Thread"
|1980/04
|Vol. 4 No. 1
|reprinted in hardcover version of Greatest Hits 1994
|4
|-
|"Only the Plitch"
|1980/05
|Vol. 4 No. 2
|reprinted in The Best of No. 2 1986
|10
|-
|"Amusing Stories Section: A Day in the Log of the City of Alger"
|1982/08
|Vol. 6 No. 5
|written by Jean-Pierre Dionnet
|4
|-
|"Enki Bilal Enters the World of Hardcore Science Fiction"
|1983/10
|Vol. 7 No. 7
|Art gallery
|7
|-
|"The Gray Man"
|1984/09
|Vol. 9 No. 6
|reprinted in Greatest Hits 1994
|1
|-
|"Over the Wall"
|1984
|''Son of Heavy Metal''
|
|4
|-
|"The Leader's Surprise"
|1997/07
|Vol. 21 No. 3
|
|4
|-
|"Mondovision"
|1997/11
|Vol. 21 No. 5
|
|4
|-
|"Close the Shutters and Open Your Eyes"
|1997
|Horror Special – Vol. 11 No 1
|
|10
|-
|"On the Wing"
|1997/Fall
|20 Years of Heavy Metal – Vol. 11 No. 2
|
|7
|-
|"New York, 2000 AD."
|1998/01
|Vol. 21 No. 6
|
|4
|-
|"The Slow Boat to Vega"
|1998/03
|Vol. 22 No. 1
|
|4
|}

====Comic Book Albums====
Since the late seventies, it were publishers [[NBM Publishing|NBM]],<ref>[Hervé St.Louis: Interview with Terry Nantier – Publisher of NBM Publishing on Comic Book Bin]</ref> [[Catalan Communications]], [[Les Humanoïdes Associés|Humanoids Publishing]], and [[Titan Comics]] that have released several albums by Bilal.

=====NBM=====
* ''The Call of the Stars'' (March 1979. Flying Buttress Publications {{ISBN|0-918348-02-1}}, {{ISBN|978-0-918348-02-9}})
A collection of short stories.
* ''The Phantoms of the Louvre'' (June 2014. [[NBM Publishing]]. {{ISBN|1-56163-841-2}}, {{ISBN|978-1561638413}})

=====Catalan Communications (NY publishing house)=====
''Paperback books''
*''[[Exterminator 17]]'' (June 1986. 60 pages {{ISBN|0-87416-024-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-87416-024-6}})
*''Gods in Chaos: A Graphic Novel'' (February 1988. {{ISBN|0-87416-049-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-87416-049-9}}) – First installment of the [[Nikopol Trilogy]]
*''The Woman Trap'' (May 1988. {{ISBN|0-87416-050-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-87416-050-5}}) – Second installment of the [[Nikopol Trilogy]]
*''The Town That Didn't Exist'' (February 1989. 56 pages. {{ISBN|0-87416-051-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-87416-051-2}}) - First installment of ''Légendes d'Aujourd'hui''
*''[[The Black Order Brigade|The Ranks of the Black Order]]'' (June 1989. 80 pages. {{ISBN|0-87416-052-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0874160529}}) - Second installment of ''Légendes d'Aujourd'hui''
*''[[The Hunting Party (comics)|The Hunting Party]]'' (March 1990. {{ISBN|0-87416-053-7}}) - Third installment of ''Légendes d'Aujourd'hui''
*''Outer States'' (July 1990. {{ISBN|0-87416-085-5}}, {{ISBN|978-0-87416-085-7}})

=====Humanoids Publishing=====
''Hardcover, large format books''
*''[[The Nikopol Trilogy]]'' (February 2000. 176 pages. {{ISBN|0-9672401-2-3}})
*''[[The Black Order Brigade]]'' (May 2000. 88 pages, hardcover. {{ISBN|0-9672401-8-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-9672401-8-3}})
*''Ship of stone'' (2001. {{ISBN|1-930652-39-9}}, {{ISBN|978-1-930652-39-2}})
*''The Cruise of Lost Souls'' (2001. 56 pages {{ISBN|1-930652-38-0}}, {{ISBN|978-1-930652-38-5}})
*''[[The Hunting Party (comics)|The Hunting Party]]'' (March 2002. 100 pages. {{ISBN|0-9672401-7-4}})
*''Memories From Outer Space'' (April 2002. 52 pages. {{ISBN|1-930652-26-7}})
*''[[Exterminator 17]]'' (June 2002. 66 pages. {{ISBN|1-930652-50-X}})
*''The Dormant Beast'' (5 October 2002. 72 pages. {{ISBN|1-930652-83-6}}, {{ISBN|978-1-930652-83-5}})
*''The Town That Didn't Exist'' (March 2003. 56 pages, Hardcover. {{ISBN|1-930652-37-2}}, {{ISBN|978-1-930652-37-8}})

''The Bilal Library:''
''(small format – 190 × 260&nbsp;cm – paperbacks)''
*''Townscapes'' (1 July 2004. 176 pages. {{ISBN|1-4012-0361-2}})
*''The Beast Trilogy: Chapters 1& 2'' (29 September 2004. 128 pages. {{ISBN|1-4012-0398-1}})
*''[[The Nikopol Trilogy]]'' (10 November 2004. 176 pages {{ISBN|1-4012-0384-1}})
*''The Chaos Effect'' (19 January 2005. 168 pages) Containing [[The Black Order Brigade]] and [[The Hunting Party (comics)|The Hunting Party]]
*''Memories'' (20 April 2005. 144 pages. {{ISBN|1-4012-0380-9}}) Contains ''Memories of Outer Space'' and ''Memories of Outer Times''

''Trade Paperback:''
*''The Dormant Beast'' (March 2000. 72 pages. {{ISBN|0-9672401-5-8}})

=====Titan Comics=====
''Hardcover, large format books''
*''[[The Nikopol Trilogy]]'' (April 2016. 184 pages. {{ISBN|9781782763536}})
*''Century's End'' (November 2016. 184 pages. {{ISBN|9781785868740}})
*''[[Exterminator 17]]'' (November 2018. 240 pages. {{ISBN|9781785867330}})
*''Monster'' (September 2019. 264 pages. {{ISBN|9781785868733}})
*''Legends of Today'' (February 2021. 176 pages. {{ISBN|9781785868740}})

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
|-
|1989
| ''[[Bunker Palace Hôtel]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|1996
| ''[[Tykho Moon]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|-
|2004
| ''[[Immortal (2004 film)|Immortel, ad vitam]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://bdoubliees.com/journalpilote/auteurs1/bilal.htm Bilal publications in ''Pilote''], ''Metal Hurlant'', ''(A SUIVRE)'' BDoubliées {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.bedetheque.com/auteur-14-BD-Bilal-Enki.html Enki Bilal] at Bedetheque {{in lang|fr}}
* {{gcdb|type=credit|search=Enki+Bilal|title=Enki Bilal}}
* {{comicbookdb|type=creator|id=11234|title=Enki Bilal}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Enki Bilal}}
* [http://www.casterman.com/Bande-dessinee/Auteurs/bilal-enki Enki Bilal]—[[Casterman]]'s page
* [https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/bilal.htm Enki Bilal] presented at [[Lambiek]]'s [[Comiclopedia]]
* [http://bilal.enki.free.fr/ Bilal fansite] {{in lang|fr}}
* {{IMDb name|0082094|Enki Bilal}}
* {{ISFDB name|4269|Enki Bilal}}

{{hmcontribs}}
{{ACArt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bilal, Enki}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Artists from Belgrade]]
[[Category:Artists from Paris]]
[[Category:French comics artists]]
[[Category:French comics writers]]
[[Category:French film directors]]
[[Category:French graphic novelists]]
[[Category:French illustrators]]
[[Category:French male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:French people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent]]
[[Category:French people of Czech descent]] 
[[Category:French speculative fiction artists]]
[[Category:Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Science fiction artists]]
[[Category:Video game artists]]
[[Category:Writers who illustrated their own writing]]
[[Category:Yugoslav emigrants to France]]