View source for Black Panther (character)

{{Short description|Marvel Comics fictional character}}
{{redirect|T'Challa|the film characters|T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|and|Shuri (Marvel Cinematic Universe)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox comics character <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics-->
| character_name = T'Challa<br />{{small|Black Panther}}
| image = Black Panther OS Vol  1 2.png
| imagesize =
| converted = y
| caption = Black Panther as depicted in ''Original Sin'' #2 (May 2014), by [[Gabriele Dell'Otto]].
| publisher = [[Marvel Comics]]
| debut = ''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Fantastic Four]]'' #52<br />(July 1966)
| creators = [[Stan Lee]]<br />[[Jack Kirby]]
| real_name = T'Challa
| species = [[Human]] [[mutation|mutate]]
| homeworld = [[Wakanda]]
| aliases = King of the Dead<br />Black Leopard<br />Black Panther<br />Mr. Okonkwo<br />Panther King<br />Red Panther
| alliances = [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]]<br />[[Fantastic Four]]<br />[[The Mighty Avengers|Mighty Avengers]]<br />[[Fantastic Force]]<br />[[The New Avengers (comics)|New Avengers]]<br />[[Ultimates (2015 team)|Ultimates]]<br />[[The Crew (comics)|The Crew]]
| partners = [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]]<br />[[Shuri (character)|Shuri]]
| powers =
*The power to draw upon the knowledge, strength and every experience of every previous Black Panther
*Enhanced strength, endurance, speed, agility, reflexes, stamina and senses
*Master hand-to-hand combatant and martial artist
*Highly proficient tactician, strategist and inventor
*Genius-level intellect
*Utilizing [[vibranium]] suit and equipment
| cat = super
| subcat = Marvel Comics
| hero = y
| villain =
| sortkey = Black Panther (comics)
}}
'''Black Panther''' is a [[superhero]] appearing in [[American comic books]] published by [[Marvel Comics]]. Created by writer-editor [[Stan Lee]] and artist-coplotter [[Jack Kirby]], the character [[First appearance|first appeared]] in ''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Fantastic Four]]'' #52, published in July 1966. Black Panther's birth name is '''T'Challa''', and he is the son of the previous Black Panther, [[T'Chaka]]. He is the king and protector of the fictional African nation of [[Wakanda]], a technologically advanced society drawing from a supply of [[vibranium]], a fictional metal of extraordinary properties. Along with possessing enhanced abilities achieved through ancient Wakandan rituals of drinking the essence of the heart-shaped herb, T'Challa also relies on his proficiency in science, expertise in his nation's traditions, rigorous physical training, hand-to-hand combat skills, and access to wealth and advanced Wakandan technology to combat his enemies. The character became a member of the [[Avengers (comics)|Avengers]] in 1968, and has continued that affiliation off and on in subsequent decades.

The storylines of the 1970s written by [[Don McGregor]] were critically acclaimed and introduced T'Challa's nemesis [[Erik Killmonger]]. However, Black Panther was a somewhat neglected character of low popularity until his reinvention by [[Christopher Priest (comic book writer)|Christopher Priest]] in the late 1990s. Priest re-emphasized the importance of Wakanda as an independent and technologically advanced African nation. Priest also introduced the [[Dora Milaje]], Black Panther's female bodyguards. In subsequent series written by [[Reginald Hudlin]], T'Challa married [[Storm (Marvel Comics character)|Storm]] of the [[X-Men]] and she featured prominently as a supporting character in stories of this period. The Hudlin stories emphasize Black cultural pride, and achieved greater commercial success. In Hudlin's era, the role of Black Panther and leadership of Wakanda was also temporarily given to T'Challa's sister [[Shuri (comics)|Shuri]] while he was briefly in a coma. The ''Black Panther'' comics became particularly commercially successful in 2016, partly as a result of the literary fame of their writer, the journalist and essayist [[Ta-Nehisi Coates]]. The first issue of his series was the best-selling comic book of that month. Coates's series call into question the legitimacy of monarchy in Wakanda and articulate a more democratic vision.

Black Panther is the first Black superhero in American mainstream comics. The character is also an early example of the [[Afrofuturism|Afrofuturist]] aesthetic. He has made numerous appearances in various television shows, animated films, and video games. [[Chadwick Boseman]] portrayed [[T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|T'Challa]] in [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three|Phase Three]] of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]'s films: ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' (2016), ''[[Black Panther (film)|Black Panther]]'' (2018), ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018), and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019). He also voiced alternate versions of the character in the first season of the [[animated series]] ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' (2021), which was released after his death. The ''Black Panther'' film was a notable critical and popular success. [[Letitia Wright]]'s character [[Shuri (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Shuri]], who had appeared in previous MCU films, took on the Black Panther mantle in ''[[Black Panther: Wakanda Forever]]'' (2022), following Boseman's death in 2020.

==Publication history==
===Creation===
The name Black Panther predates the founding of the [[Black Panther Party]] in October 1966, though not the black panther logo of the party's predecessor, the [[Lowndes County Freedom Organization]] (LCFO).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2008/11/27/comic-book-legends-revealed-183/|title= Comic Book Legends Revealed #183|access-date= December 13, 2008|last= Cronin|first= Brian|date= December 5, 2008|archive-date= December 6, 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081206203921/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2008/11/27/comic-book-legends-revealed-183/|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.docspopuli.org/articles/Yuen/BPP_logo.html |title= Origin of the Black Panther Party logo |access-date= December 13, 2008 |work= H.K. Yuen Social Movement Archive |archive-date= December 11, 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081211031545/http://www.docspopuli.org/articles/Yuen/BPP_logo.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> Scripter Stan Lee denied that the comic, which pre-dates the political usage of the term, was, or could have been, named after any of the political uses of the term "black panther", including the LCFO, citing "a strange coincidence".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thegeektwins.com/2018/02/the-secret-history-of-black-panther-by.html |title=The Secret History of Black Panther by Stan Lee |first=Maurice |last=Mitchell |date=February 14, 2018 |website=The Geek Twins |access-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-date=February 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219031155/http://www.thegeektwins.com/2018/02/the-secret-history-of-black-panther-by.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Black Panther is the first black <!--rather than "African" since Western Lobo is not African but African-American; "Black" is capitalized per AP Stylebook--> superhero in American mainstream [[comic book]]s; very few black heroes were created before him, and none with actual superpowers. These included the characters in the single-issue, low distribution ''[[All-Negro Comics]]'' #1 (1947).<ref name=tom>{{cite web|last=Christopher|first=Tom|url=http://www.tomchristopher.com/?op=home/Comic%20History/Orrin%20C.%20Evans%20and%20The%20Story%20of%20All%20Negro%20Comics|title=Orrin C. Evans and the story of All-Negro Comics|publisher=TomChristopher.com|year=2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307212906/http://www.tomchristopher.com/?op=home%2FComic+History%2FOrrin+C.+Evans+and+The+Story+of+All+Negro+Comics|archive-date=March 7, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=July 1, 2011}} Reprinted from ''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'' February 28, 1997, pp. 32, 34, 37-38. Article includes reprinted editorial page "All-Negro Comics: Presenting Another First in Negro History" from ''All-Negro Comics'' #1</ref> Waku, Prince of the Bantu, who starred in his own feature in the omnibus title ''[[Jungle Tales]]'', from Marvel's 1950s predecessor, [[Atlas Comics (1950s)|Atlas Comics]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chapelboro.com/town-square/wakanda-forever|title=Wakanda Forever: How 'Black Panther' Upholds a Revolutionary Legacy|date=February 21, 2018|website=Chapelboro.com|language=en-US|access-date=February 12, 2020|archive-date=February 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212215411/https://chapelboro.com/town-square/wakanda-forever|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/ratmmjess/waku.html|title=Waku|last=Nevins|first=Jess|author-link=Jess Nevins|date=August 18, 2004|website=ratmmjess|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818200112/http://www.geocities.com/ratmmjess/waku.html|archive-date=August 18, 2004|access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref> and the [[Dell Comics]] [[Western comics|Western]] character [[Lobo (Dell Comics)|Lobo]], the first black person to star in his own comic book.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Fisher|first=Stuart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=85FNDwAAQBAJ&q=D.+J.+Arneson+lobo+dell&pg=PA46|title=Those Unforgettable Super-Heroes of Dell & Gold Key|magazine=[[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]|issue=#151|date=February 21, 2018|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|language=en|access-date=October 15, 2020|archive-date=September 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922064330/https://books.google.com/books?id=85FNDwAAQBAJ&q=D.+J.+Arneson+lobo+dell&pg=PA46|url-status=live}}</ref> Previous non-[[caricature]]d black supporting characters in comics include [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[infantry]] private [[Gabe Jones|Gabriel Jones]] of ''[[Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos]]''.

In a guest appearance in ''Fantastic Four'' #119 (February 1972), the Black Panther briefly used the name '''Black Leopard''' to avoid connotations with the Party, but the new name did not last.<ref>When Fantastic Four member the [[Thing (comics)|Thing]] asked about the name change, T'Challa responded, "I contemplate a return to ''your'' country, Ben Grimm, where the latter term has —''political'' connotations. I neither condemn nor condone those who have taken up the name, but ''T'Challa'' is a law unto ''himself''. Hence, the ''new'' name—a ''minor'' point, at best, since the panther ''is'' a leopard."</ref> The character's name was changed back to Black Panther in ''The Avengers'' #105, with T'Challa explaining that renaming himself made as much sense as altering the [[Scarlet Witch]]'s name, and he is not a stereotype.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/black-panther-character-wont-go-next-1085194/|title=Where Black Panther Won't Go Next|first1=Graeme|last1=McMillan|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=February 15, 2018|access-date=July 2, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184204/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/black-panther-character-wont-go-next-1085194/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Avengers'' writer Roy Thomas said that the Black Panther name "had more resonance," but that the political implications limited the character's prominence.<ref>Burroughs, p. 12.</ref>

Co-creator [[Stan Lee]] recounted that the name was inspired by a pulp adventure hero who had a [[black panther]] as a helper.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Thomas|first= Roy|date= August 2011|title= Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Interview!|journal= [[Alter Ego (magazine)|Alter Ego]]|issue= #104| pages= 38–39|publisher= [[TwoMorrows Publishing]]}}</ref> Jack Kirby's original concept art for Black Panther used the concept name Coal Tiger.<ref>[http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix2/coaltigergatherers.htm COAL Tiger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224161826/http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix2/coaltigergatherers.htm |date=February 24, 2020 }}, marvunapp.com</ref> Influences on the character included historical figures such as 14th-century [[Mali Empire]] sultan [[Mansa Musa]] and 20th-century Jamaican activist [[Marcus Garvey]], as well as [[Biblical]] figures such as [[Ham (son of Noah)|Ham]] and [[Canaan (son of Ham)|Canaan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morrow|first1=John|last2=Kirby|first2=Jack|title=Collected Jack Kirby Collector|date=2004|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|isbn=9781893905009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI-et-e206EC&pg=PA216|language=en}}</ref> Other scholars have identified precursors such as [[Harry Wills]], a champion boxer of the early 20th century nicknamed the Black Panther and a predominately African-American armored combat unit in [[World War II]] also called the Black Panthers, the [[761st Tank Battalion (United States)|761st Tank Battalion]] of the US Army.<ref name="auto1">Qiana J. Whitted, "Volume Introduction," in McGregor, et al., p. xxxiv, 2022.</ref> Lee and Kirby also borrow from typical pop cultural tropes of their era inspired by [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]'s [[Tarzan]], but subvert or transform [[stereotypes]] common in the "jungle adventure" genre.<ref>Whitted, in McGregor, et al., p. xxvi-xxvii.</ref>

===Early years===
[[File:Fantastic Four (1961) ,52.jpeg|thumb|upright|Black Panther first appearance in ''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Fantastic Four]]'' #52 (July 1966).]]
The origin of the character has been disputed by both Kirby and Lee, with both claiming the impetus for the idea. However, both of the creators have said they were motivated by general humanistic and inclusive values, rather than any social or political awareness of the [[Civil rights movement]].

Kirby claimed sole credit for creating the character in ''[[The Comics Journal]]'' #134 (February 1990), stating that he realized an absence of Black characters in his comics, and believed that they should be added for "human reasons".<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.tcj.com/jack-kirby-interview/6/|title = Jack Kirby Interview - Page 6 of 8|date = May 23, 2011|access-date = February 21, 2022|archive-date = February 8, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220208033746/https://www.tcj.com/jack-kirby-interview/6/|url-status = live}}</ref>

In another interview, Kirby declared: "I came up with the Black Panther because I realized I had no blacks in my strip. I'd never drawn a black. I needed a black. I suddenly discovered that I had a lot of black readers. My first friend was a black! And here I was ignoring them because I was associating with everybody else."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tcj.com/jack-kirby-interview/6/ | title=Jack Kirby Interview - Page 6 of 8 | date=May 23, 2011 | access-date=February 21, 2022 | archive-date=February 8, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208033746/https://www.tcj.com/jack-kirby-interview/6/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Lee, in contrast, claimed he created the character because, in the mid-1960s, he wanted to include more African and African-American characters in Marvel Comics. While there is no documentation to establish the veracity of either claim to originality, by 1966 Kirby is thought to have been largely plotting the book on his own<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marvel, Jack Kirby, and the Comic-Book Artist's Plight|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/09/marvel-jack-kirby-and-the-plight-of-the-comic-book-artist/498299/|website=[[The Atlantic]]|author=Asher Elbein|date=September 2016|access-date=February 21, 2022|archive-date=February 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221071304/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/09/marvel-jack-kirby-and-the-plight-of-the-comic-book-artist/498299/|url-status=live}}</ref> and explaining the stories to Lee when the pages arrived in the Marvel offices. In a 1968 interview, Lee said:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zak-site.com/Great-American-Novel/ff_Lee-Kirby.html |title=Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, who did what |access-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221071305/https://zak-site.com/Great-American-Novel/ff_Lee-Kirby.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{blockquote|Some artists, such as Jack Kirby, need no plot at all. I mean I’ll just say to Jack, ‘Let’s let the next villain be Dr. Doom’… or I may not even say that. He may tell me. And then he goes home and does it. He’s so good at plots, I’m sure he’s a thousand times better than I. He just about makes up the plots for these stories. All I do is a little editing.}}

[[Roy Thomas]] has made claims that support Lee's version of events, while Kirby is supported by his wife and prior artwork.  In 1963, Lee and Kirby included a black character, [[Gabe Jones]], in the ensemble cast of ''[[Sgt. Fury and His Howling Commandos]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Universe |last1=Lee |first1=Stan |first2=Roy |last2=Thomas |year=2006 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-1-4027-4225-5 |page = 54 }}</ref> and Lee encouraged artists to include black characters in crowd scenes.<ref name=Chron>{{cite book |last1=Wells |first1=John |title=American Comic Book Chronicles: 1965-1969 |date=2014 |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |isbn=978-1605490557 |pages=89–90}}</ref> In a 1998 interview, Lee explained his motivation: "I wasn't thinking of civil rights. I had a lot of friends who were black and we had artists who were black. So, it occurred to me... why aren't there any black heroes?"<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brodsky |first1=Bob |title=Stan the Man Lee: Maestro of the Marvel Mythos |journal=Comic Book Marketplace |date=July 1998 |issue=#61 |pages=28–36, 45–54}}</ref> Soon after Black Panther was introduced, Marvel added two more recurring black characters: Jill Jerrold in ''[[Modeling with Millie]]'', and [[Bill Foster (character)|Bill Foster]] in ''[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]]''.<ref name=Chron/>

There was some debate at Marvel, with Lee wondering how far to go with the commercially-risky introduction of a Black superhero in that era. In the first version of the cover for ''Fantastic Four'' #52, Kirby drew the Black Panther wearing a cowl that exposed his face. In the published version, the cowl became a full face-mask. Previews in other comics did not show the cover at all, indicating that Lee was hesitant.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=Sean |title=Marvel Comics: The Untold Story |date=2013 |publisher=Harper Perennial |isbn=978-0061992117 |chapter=Chapter 3}}</ref>

Black Panther first appeared in ''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Fantastic Four]]'' #52, published in July 1966,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Bryce |date=2022-09-01 |title=The Origin of Wakanda's Vibranium Redefines Black Panther's Nation |url=https://screenrant.com/black-panther-wakanda-vibranium-origin-redefines-nation/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cutler |first=David |date=2018-03-21 |title=Opinion: Why 'Black Panther' and other comic books belong in the classroom |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/opinion-why-black-panther-and-other-comic-books-belong-in-the-classroom |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[PBS NewsHour]] |language=en-us}}</ref> and the following issue in August of the same year. He made subsequent guest appearance in ''Fantastic Four'' Annual #5 (1967) and with [[Captain America]] in ''[[Tales of Suspense]]'' #97–99 and ''Captain America'' 100 (January – April 1968), the Black Panther journeyed from the fictional African nation of [[Wakanda]] to [[New York City]] to join the titular American superhero team in ''[[The Avengers (comic book)|The Avengers]]'' #52 (May 1968). He appeared in that comic for the next few years. During his time with the Avengers, he also made solo guest-appearances in three issues of ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'', and fought [[Doctor Doom]] in ''[[Astonishing Tales]]'' #6–7 (June & August 1971), in that [[supervillain]]'s starring feature.

===1970s and 1980s===
He received his first starring feature with ''[[Jungle Action]]'' #5 (July 1973), a reprint of a story in ''The Avengers'' #62 (March 1969) that focused on Black Panther. A new series began running the following issue, written by [[Don McGregor]], with art by [[pencilers]] [[Rich Buckler]], [[Gil Kane]], and [[Billy Graham (comics)|Billy Graham]], and which gave inkers [[Klaus Janson]] and [[Bob McLeod (comics)|Bob McLeod]] some of their first professional exposure. The critically acclaimed<ref name=dmd>{{cite web |author-link=Dwayne McDuffie |last=McDuffie |first=Dwayne |url=http://homepage.mac.com/dmcduffie/site/TBC3.html |title=To Be Continued |publisher=(column #3), Dwayne McDuffie official site |date=n.d. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208031035/http://homepage.mac.com/dmcduffie/site/TBC3.html |archive-date=December 8, 2010 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 9, 2011  }}</ref> series ran in ''Jungle Action'' #6–24 (September 1973 – November 1976).<ref name=gcd2>[http://www.comics.org/series/2053/ ''Jungle Action'', Marvel, 1973 Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223062310/http://www.comics.org/series/2053/ |date=February 23, 2010 }}, at the Grand Comics Database.</ref>

One now-common format McGregor pioneered was that of the self-contained, multi-issue story arc.<ref name="sacks">{{cite web|last=Sacks |first=Jason |url=http://www.fanboyplanet.com/comics/js-panthersrage.php |title=Panther's Rage: The First Marvel Graphic Novel |website=Fanboy Planet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704142442/http://www.fanboyplanet.com/comics/js-panthersrage.php |archive-date=July 4, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first, "Panther's Rage", ran through the first 13 issues. Critic Jason Sacks has called the arc "Marvel's first [[graphic novel]]":

{{blockquote|text=[T]here were real character arcs in [[Spider-Man]] and the [[Fantastic Four]] [comics] over time. But ... "Panther's Rage" is the first comic that was created from start to finish as a complete novel. Running in two years' issues of ''Jungle Action'' (#s 6 through 18), "Panther's Rage" is a 200-page novel that journeys to the heart of the African nation of Wakanda, a nation ravaged by a revolution against its king, T'Challa, the Black Panther.<ref name="sacks" />}}

"Panther's Rage" also introduces T'Challa's nemesis [[Erik Killmonger]], a rival for the throne of Wakanda who recurs in subsequent series. Rebecca Wanzo, a scholar of African-American literature, describes "Panther's Rage" as "the first major step in [[Decolonization|decolonizing]] the character." The cast of the story arc is almost entirely Black.<ref>Qiana J. Whitted, "Volume Introduction," in McGregor, et al., xxix.</ref>

The second and final arc, "Panther vs. the Klan", ran as mostly 17-page stories in ''Jungle Action'' #19–24 (January – November 1976), except for issue #23, a reprint of ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]]'' #69 (October 1970), in which the Black Panther guest-starred.<ref name=gcd2 /> The subject matter of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] was considered controversial in the Marvel offices at the time, creating difficulties for the creative team.<ref>McGregor, Don. "Panther's Chronicles" (introduction), ''Marvel Masterworks: The Black Panther Vol. 1'' (Marvel Worldwide, 2010), pp. xii–xii (unnumbered).</ref>

African-American writer-editor [[Dwayne McDuffie]] said of the ''Jungle Action'' "Black Panther" feature:

{{blockquote|text=This overlooked and underrated classic is arguably the most tightly written multi-part superhero epic ever. If you can get your hands on it ... sit down and read the whole thing. It's damn-near flawless, every issue, every scene, a functional, necessary part of the whole. Okay, now go back and read any individual issue. You'll find seamlessly integrated words and pictures; clearly introduced characters and situations; a concise (sometimes even transparent) recap; beautifully developed character relationships; at least one cool new villain; a stunning action set piece to test our hero's skills and resolve; and a story that is always moving forward towards a definite and satisfying conclusion. That's what we should all be delivering, every single month. Don [McGregor] and company did it in only 17 story pages per issue.<ref name=dmd />}}

Qiana J. Witted points out that the artists in this period incorporated African American popular culture of the era, such as T'Challa wearing a "modified version of the gold-chain outfit worn by singer [[Isaac Hayes]] for the Watts, Los Angeles, community benefit concert that was released as the 1973 documentary film ''[[Wattstax]]''."<ref>Qiana J. Whitted, "Volume Introduction," in McGregor, et al., p. xxx-xxxi.</ref>

Though popular with college students, the overall sales of ''Jungle Action'' were low,<ref name="Back27">{{cite journal|last= Stewart|first= Tom|date= April 2008|title= The Blackest Panther: Don McGregor in the Jungles of Wakanda|journal= [[Back Issue!]]| issue= #27|pages= 57–61|publisher= [[TwoMorrows Publishing]]}}</ref> and Marvel relaunched the Black Panther in a self-titled series, bringing in the character's co-creator [[Jack Kirby]]—newly returned to Marvel after having decamped to rival [[DC Comics]] for a time—as writer, penciler, and editor. However, Kirby wanted to work on new characters and was unhappy at being assigned a series starring a character he had already worked with extensively.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Stewart|first= Tom|date= April 2008|title= Jungle Adventure! Jack Kirby Arrives|journal= Back Issue!|issue= 27|page= 62|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing}}</ref> He left the series after only 12 issues and was replaced by [[Ed Hannigan]] (writer), [[Jerry Bingham]] (penciler), and [[Roger Stern]] (editor). ''Black Panther'' ran 15 issues (January 1977 – May 1979).<ref name=gcdbp>[http://www.comics.org/series/2387/ ''Black Panther'', Marvel, 1977 Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518102020/http://www.comics.org/series/2387/ |date=May 18, 2010 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> Because the series was discontinued, the contents of what would have been ''Black Panther'' #16–18 were published in ''[[Marvel Premiere]]'' #51–53.

A four-issue [[miniseries]], ''Black Panther'' vol. 2,<ref>[http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/blackpan.htm#S25 ''Black Panther'' (II) (1988)] at The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525194120/http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/blackpan.htm WebCitation archive].</ref> (July – October 1988) was written by [[Peter B. Gillis]] and penciled by [[Denys Cowan]].<ref name=gcdbp2>[http://www.comics.org/series/3640/ ''Black Panther'', Marvel, 1988 Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529064539/http://www.comics.org/series/3640/ |date=May 29, 2010 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> McGregor revisited his Panther saga with [[Gene Colan]] in "Panther's Quest", published as 25 eight-page installments within the bi-weekly [[anthology]] series ''[[Marvel Comics Presents]]'' (issues #13–37, Feb.–December 1989).<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series/3654/ ''Marvel Comics Presents'', Marvel 1988 series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402055149/http://www.comics.org/series/3654/ |date=April 2, 2011 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> The story takes place in [[South Africa]]. In the view of critic Todd Steven Burroughs, "'Quest' attempts to show how oppressive [[apartheid]] is for everyone involved."<ref>Burroughs, 35.</ref>

===1990s===
McGregor later teamed with artist [[Dwayne Turner]] in the square-bound miniseries ''Black Panther: Panther's Prey'' (September 1990 – March 1991).<ref name=gcdbppp>[http://www.comics.org/series/4230/ ''Black Panther: Panther's Prey''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529100706/http://www.comics.org/series/4230/ |date=May 29, 2010 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> He conceived a fifth arc in his Black Panther saga, titled "Panther's Vows", but it failed to get off the ground.<ref name="Back27"/>

Writer [[Christopher Priest (comic book writer)|Christopher Priest]]'s and penciller [[Mark Texeira]]'s 1998 series ''Black Panther'' vol. 3 re-invented the character. Scholar Todd Steven Burroughs describes the new vision for the Black Panther as "a combination of [[Frank Miller]]'s [[Batman]] and [[South Africa]]n president [[Nelson Mandela]].<ref>Burroughs, p. 60.</ref> Priest was the first Black creator to become an editor at Marvel.<ref>Burroughs, p. 39.</ref> Inspired by the [[Eddie Murphy]] film ''[[Coming to America]]'', Priest and his artists returned to the fundamental sovereignty of Wakanda.<ref>Christopher Priest, introduction to ''Black Panther: The Client TPB'', reprinted in ''Black Panther: The Complete Collection'': Volume 1, 2016.</ref> He revisited [[Erik Killmonger]] and other characters introduced in "Panther's Rage", together with new characters such as State Department attorney Everett Ross and the [[Dora Milaje]], the Panther's female bodyguards. In their original characterization, the Dora Milaje are beautiful teenage girls who are, officially speaking, the Panther's potential wives.<ref>Christopher Priest, Black Panther: The Complete Collection: Volume 1, 2016</ref> Dora Milaje is said to translate from [[Hausa language|Hausa]] to "adored ones."<ref name="auto3">Burroughs, p. 56.</ref> Priest made the [[Bast (Marvel Comics)|Panther god]] another form of the Egyptian goddess [[Bastet]], originally depicted as a [[black cat]].<ref name=":2" />

The Priest-Texeira series was under the [[Marvel Knights]] imprint in its first year. Priest's initial concept was inspired by [[Batman]] but also one of Batman's nemeses, [[Ra's al Ghul]], the mysterious leader of a League of Assassins. Priest believed this "fearsome African warrior" would simply be too intimidating for the Marvel universe.<ref name="auto3"/> Priest says the device of Ross's character contributed greatly to his ability to write the series: "I realized I could use Ross to bridge the gap between the African culture that the Black Panther mythos is steeped in and the predominantly white readership that Marvel sells to." He added his opinion that the Black Panther had been misused in the years after his initial creation by Lee and Kirby.<ref>{{cite news| first=Ethan|last= Sacks| title=The unsung heroes: Blade & Co. help to close racial divide| newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]| date=March 19, 2002 }}</ref> Priest believed Black Panther was generally considered a dull "also-ran" with no evident powers.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

To reinvent the character, he emphasized Black Panther's role as a monarch of a technologically advanced independent nation, and hence one of the most powerful figures in the Marvel universe. Influenced by [[Chris Claremont]] and [[Frank Miller]], he aimed to introduce moral ambiguity and political complexity to the world of Black Panther.<ref>Christopher Priest, "The Story Thus Far," introduction to Black Panther: The Client TPB, reprinted in Black Panther: The Complete Collection volume 1, 2016</ref> Priest also envisioned the series as a political satire, comparing it to ''[[The West Wing]]''. In Priest's characterization, T'Challa actually joined the Avengers in order to spy on them, protecting Wakanda's national interests.<ref name="auto2">"Panther by Priest," interview of Christopher Priest by Jess Harrold, included in Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection vol. 3, 2018.</ref> [[Ta-Nehisi Coates]] has said that Priest "had ''the'' classic run on Black Panther, period, and that's gonna be true for a long time."<ref>Rich Sands, "Diversity of Perspective," Black Panther: Los Angeles Times Special Edition, p. 18.</ref>

Jim Dandeneau of ''[[Den of Geek]]'' also states that Priest's is "probably the definitive run of Black Panther. This is where Wakanda stopped being backstory and started being a living, breathing place, with geography and politics and history that all contributed to its depth and beauty. It's also where a bunch of what's going on the screen started: Priest introduced Everett K. Ross and the Dora Milaje almost immediately in his first issue. Priest had been separated from Marvel for several years before coming back to write this book under a separate, independent line within Marvel as the rest of the company went bankrupt around it. So, he was given a lot of leeway to write the story he wanted to, and what came out was one of the greatest runs on any comic ever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dandeneau |first=Jim |date=2018-02-28 |title=Best Black Panther Comics: An Essential Reading Guide |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/black-panther-comics-books-reading-guide-recommendations/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Den of Geek]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

Cultural critic Douglas Wolk agrees that Christopher Priest's run established the canonical version of the character, although: "The tone of Priest's run was wildly different from any other Black Panther stories before or since--it's basically a political comedy--but Priest's central insight was that T'Challa isn't actually a superhero in the ordinary sense," but rather a monarch. He also says that the first issue of the run makes no sense at first reading, and requires a continuing interpretation of future issues. He argues that this is unique in mainstream superhero comics.<ref>Douglas Wolk, ''All of the Marvels: A Journey to the Ends of the Biggest Story Ever Told'', Penguin Press, 2021, p. 207, 219.</ref>

===2000s===
''Black Panther'' #25-27 (December 2000-February 2001) reintroduce [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]] as a major character in Black Panther's world. Storm immediately says, "I have been away from Africa far too long."<ref>''Black Panther'' #26, January 2001.</ref> Storm is called to Wakanda to protect a child from aliens. The dispute eventually involves [[Doctor Doom]] and [[Namor]]. In their renewed interactions, Storm compares Black Panther's sense of commitment and certainty to that of [[Magneto (Marvel Comics)|Magneto]]. The issue establishes that Storm continues to believe that someday she and T'Challa may have a permanent marriage, but this must be deferred because of T'Challa's exclusive commitment to his nation.<ref>Black Panther #27, February 2001.</ref>

The last 13 issues of Priest's series (#50–62) saw the main character replaced by a [[multiracial]] [[New York City Police Department|New York City police officer]] named [[Kasper Cole]], with T'Challa relegated to a supporting character. This Black Panther, who became the [[White Tiger (comics)#Kasper Cole|White Tiger]], was placed in the series ''[[The Crew (comics)|The Crew]]'', running concurrently with the final few ''Black Panther'' issues. ''The Crew'' was canceled with issue #7.

[[File:6.20.19JohnRomitaJrByLuigiNovi35.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Artist [[John Romita Jr.]] signing a copy of the fourth ''Black Panther'' series at [[Midtown Comics]] in Manhattan]]
In 2005, Marvel began publishing ''Black Panther'' vol. 4,<ref>[http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/blackpa3.htm#S4876 ''Black Panther'' (IV) (2005–2008)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226045137/http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/blackpa3.htm#S4876 |date=February 26, 2011 }} at The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators</ref> which ran 41 issues (April 2005 – November 2008).<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series/12471/ ''Black Panther'', Marvel, Marvel Knights imprint, 2005 Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315064434/http://www.comics.org/series/12471/ |date=March 15, 2011 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> It was initially written by filmmaker [[Reginald Hudlin]] (through issue #38) and penciled by [[John Romita, Jr.]] (through #6). Hudlin is a Hollywood writer and director who was at that time the president of the entertainment division of [[Black Entertainment Television]].<ref>Burroughs, p. 106.</ref> He wanted to add "[[credibility|street cred]]" to the title, although he noted that the book was not necessarily or primarily geared toward an African-American readership.<ref name="Reinvented">{{Cite news| first=Misha |last=Davenport| title=A superhero reinvented for hip-hop generation| work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]| date=February 2, 2005 }}</ref> As influences for his characterization of the character, Hudlin has cited comic character [[Batman]], film director [[Spike Lee]], and music artist [[Sean Combs]].<ref name="Reinvented"/> The Black Panther comics that Hudlin wrote sold much better than any previous series featuring the character, including Priest's.<ref>Todd Steven Burroughs, "Black Panther, Black Writers, White Audience: Christopher Priest and/vs. Reginald Hudlin, ''Fire!!!'', vol. 4, no. 2, Fall 2018, p. 76.</ref> Hudlin's series also received positive notice from figures outside the comic book world, such as [[Ice Cube]] and [[Ziggy Marley]].<ref>Burroughs, p. 114.</ref>

In Hudlin's series, the Dora Milaje are a clearly military organization, with shaven heads, rather than the attractive teenage girls previously established by Priest. In 2006, during Hudlin's run, T'Challa marries [[Storm (Marvel Comics)|Storm]] of the [[X-Men]], and she appeared as a prominent supporting character in many subsequent storylines. Readers and critics compared the wedding to the relationship of [[Jay-Z]] and [[Beyoncé]], although they did not marry until two years later.<ref>Bukatman, p. 110</ref> In addition, Hudlin established T'Challa's complex friendship with [[Luke Cage]], another prominent Black superhero created several years after Black Panther. While T'Challa is from an African nation that was never colonized, Cage is a street-level New York superhero of a vastly different culture. Hudlin explores these differences in the interactions between the two heroes. Hudlin's run introduces greater connections with the history of African-American culture; for example, in his world [[Malcolm X]] met with the previous Black Panther, [[T'Chaka]],<ref>Reginald Hudlin, Black Panther (2005) #14.</ref> Like Priest, Hudlin emphasizes Black Panther's power and independence; as he puts it, T'Challa is "an INTERNATIONAL player who's equally at home at the [[World Economic Forum|Davos Conference]] in Switzerland, meeting with [[Colin Powell]] in D.C., kicking it in Harlem with [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Al Sharpton]], and brokering deals off the coast of Cuba with [[Fidel Castro]] and Prince [[Namor]]."<ref>Reginald Hudlin, "The Black Panther: A Historical Overview and a Look to the Future," reprinted in Black Panther: The Complete Collection by Reginald Hudlin, vol. 1, 2017.</ref> While the possibility of conflict with Namor and [[Atlantis (Marvel Comics)|Atlantis]] appeared briefly in Priest's earlier stories, Hudlin made the power rivalry between T'Challa and Namor, as well as [[Doctor Doom]] and [[Latveria]], a perennial theme.<ref>Reginald Hudlin, Black Panther: The Complete Collection, vol. 2, 2017.</ref> ''Black Panther'' vol. 5<ref>[http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/blackpa5.htm#S9183 ''Black Panther'' (V) (Shuri) (2009–2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604105819/http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/blackpa5.htm#S9183 |date=June 4, 2011 }} at The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators</ref> launched in February 2009, with Hudlin, again scripting, introducing a successor Black Panther, T'Challa's sister Shuri.<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series/33758/ ''Black Panther'', Marvel, 2009 Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519113243/http://www.comics.org/series/33758/ |date=May 19, 2010 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2008/10/this_just_in_for_2009_the_new.html | title = 2009's 'Black Panther' News Is a Bombshell... | newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] | date = October 21, 2008 | access-date = October 21, 2008 | archive-date = September 22, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120922100650/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2008/10/this_just_in_for_2009_the_new.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=19421 | title = The Osborn Supremacy : Black Panther | website = [[Comic Book Resources]] | date = January 6, 2009 | access-date = January 8, 2009 | archive-date = October 26, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081026235244/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article | url-status = live }}</ref>

According to [[Diamond Comic Distributors]], ''Black Panther'' (2005) #1 was the 27th best-selling comic book in February 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diamond Announces Top 100 Comics Based on Actual Unit Sales for February 2005 |url=http://www.diamondcomics.com/Article/17768-Diamond-Announces-Top-100-Comics-Based-on-Actual-Unit-Sales-for-February-2005 |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[Diamond Comic Distributors]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comichron: February 2005 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops |url=https://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2005/2005-02.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Comichron]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2005 |title=Top 300 Comics Actual--February 2005 |url=https://icv2.com/articles/comics/view/6620/top-300-comics-actual-february-2005 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref>

Tyler Huckabee of ''[[IGN]]'' included Hudlin's ''Black Panther'' comic book series in their "10 Best Black Panther Comic Books" list, stating, "Reginald Hudlin's run is more traditionally superhero-esque in nature than many other titles on this list, featuring costumed villains and super guest stars like the X-Men and Namor. It also introduces a number of characters who've become key players in the Black Panther's life (like his sister Shuri) and tells what has now become the definitive origin story."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huckabee |first=Tyler |date=February 13, 2018 |title=10 Best Black Panther Comic Books |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/02/13/10-best-black-panther-comic-books |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en}}</ref>

Douglas Wolk observes that the most well-known moment in Hudlin's run is the wedding of Black Panther and Storm, and contends that the "mutual admiration leading to matrimony seemed to come out of nowhere," that neither have much in common "besides being superheroes with somewhat formal speech patterns and connections to Africa and divinity," and that while "one is a champion of a cross-sectional group, the other is a monarch of a physical nation."<ref>Douglas Wolk, ''All of the Marvels: A Journey to the Ends of the Biggest Story Ever Told'', Penguin Press, 2021, p. 223-224.</ref> Hudlin responded to such criticisms in a 2010 interview, declaring that the wedding was set up for months by two different storylines and that the two characters are perfectly matched.<ref>Burroughs, p. 202.</ref>

Hudlin co-wrote issue #7 with [[Jonathan Maberry]], who then became the new writer,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://comics.ign.com/articles/981/981788p1.html|title= A New Team for Black Panther|website= IGN|date= May 11, 2009|access-date= May 19, 2009|archive-date= June 16, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120616093943/http://comics.ign.com/articles/981/981788p1.html|url-status= live}}</ref> joined by artist Will Conrad.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dave |last=Richards |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=21311 |title=Will Conrad Talks Black Panther |website=Comic Book Resources |date=May 22, 2009 |access-date=May 22, 2009 |archive-date=May 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527072304/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=21311 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2010s===
Both T'Challa and Shuri fight [[Doctor Doom]], alongside members of the Fantastic Four and the X-Men, in the six-issue miniseries ''Doomwar'' (April – September 2010).<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series/43801/ ''Doomwar''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601050839/http://www.comics.org/series/43801/ |date=June 1, 2010 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> ''Doomwar'' introduces the Midnight Angels, an armored division of the Dora Milaje.<ref>Doomwar #5</ref> In this period, T'Challa has given up his powers and has been replaced by his sister. At the conclusion of the story, Doom steals Wakanda's supply of vibranium, and T'Challa destroys all of it in response.<ref>Burroughs, p. 138.</ref>

T'Challa then accepts an invitation from Matt Murdock, the superhero [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]], to become the new protector of New York City's [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]] neighborhood. He became the lead character in ''Daredevil'' beginning with issue #513 (February 2011), when that series was retitled ''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear''.<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series/54159/ ''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904032023/http://www.comics.org/series/54159/ |date=September 4, 2012 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref> Under writer [[David Liss]] and artist [[Francesco Francavilla]], he takes on the identity of Mr. Okonkwo, an immigrant from the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], and becomes the owner of a small diner to be close to the people.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Ben |last=Morse |url=http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.14002.black_panther~colon~_the_man_without_fear |title=Black Panther: The Man Without Fear, David Liss and Francesco Francavilla take T'Challa on a bold new adventure into the heart of Hell's Kitchen |publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] |date=September 15, 2010 |access-date=September 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918125912/http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.14002.black_panther~colon~_the_man_without_fear |archive-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> He fights street crime and various enemies of Daredevil, in this case relying on his own athletic ability and without the traditional Black Panther powers and Wakandan technology. He also confronts a new version of the [[Hate-Monger]], a Silver Age emblem of bigotry who represents contemporary racist and anti-immigrant ideology.<ref>''Black Panther: The Man without Fear'' #521, September 2011.</ref>

A new ''Black Panther'' series written by [[Ta-Nehisi Coates]] and drawn by [[Brian Stelfreeze]] was launched in 2016 and concluded in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Ta-Nehisi Coates to Write Black Panther Comic for Marvel|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/books/ta-nehisi-coates-to-write-black-panther-comic-for-marvel.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = September 22, 2015|access-date = September 23, 2015|issn = 0362-4331|first = George Gene|last = Gustines|archive-date = September 22, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150922221501/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/books/ta-nehisi-coates-to-write-black-panther-comic-for-marvel.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/coates-and-stelfreezes-black-panther-delivers-one--234775|title=Coates and Stelfreeze's ''Black Panther'' delivers one of 2016's best first issues|first1=Shea|last1=Hennum|first2=Tim|last2=O'Neil|first3=Caitlin|last3=Rosberg|first4=Oliver|last4=Sava|date=April 12, 2016|work=A.V. Club|access-date=May 13, 2016|archive-date=May 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509220214/http://www.avclub.com/article/coates-and-stelfreezes-black-panther-delivers-one--234775|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://marvel.com/comics/series/20912/black_panther_2016_-_present|title=Black Panther (2016–Present)|website=Marvel.com|access-date=October 1, 2017|archive-date=January 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114114652/http://marvel.com/comics/series/20912/black_panther_2016_-_present|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ta-nehisicoates.com/graphic-novels/black-panther-2018-2021/|title=Black Panther 2018 - 2021}}</ref> Coates was previously a correspondent for ''[[The Atlantic]]'' and won the [[National Book Award]] for his essay ''[[Between the World and Me]]''. As Todd Steven Burroughs writes, "The announcement that Ta-Nehisi Coates––the writer whom [[Toni Morrison]] called the heir to novelist and essayist [[James Baldwin]]––was going to write a new, ongoing ''Black Panther'' title shook both the Marvel Universe and café society."<ref>Burroughs, p. 145.</ref> In Coates's first storyline, titled ''A Nation Under Our Feet'', T'Challa faces a popular uprising against his monarchy. At the conclusion of the story, Wakanda is reformed into a constitutional democracy, with the Black Panther continuing as a figurehead king rather than a ruler.<ref>Ta-Nehisi Coates, Black Panther: A Nation Under Our Feet book 3, 2017</ref> This series introduces a new version of [[The Crew (comics)|The Crew]], now including Storm, Luke Cage, [[Misty Knight]], and [[Manifold (comics)|Manifold]].<ref>Ta-Nehisi Coates, Black Panther: A Nation Under Our Feet book 3: The Crew, 2017</ref>

According to [[Diamond Comic Distributors]], ''Black Panther'' (2016) #1 was the best-selling comic book in April 2016, while #2 was the 9th best-selling comic book in May 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 100 Comics: April 2016 |url=http://www.diamondcomics.com/Article/178540-Top-100-Comics-April-2016 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Diamond Comic Distributors]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comichron: April 2016 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops |url=https://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2016/2016-04.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Comichron]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2016 |title=Top 300 Comics Actual--April 2016 |url=https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/34493/top-300-comics-actual-april-2016 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 100 Comics: May 2016 |url=http://www.diamondcomics.com/Article/179997-Top-100-Comics-May-2016 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Diamond Comic Distributors]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comichron: May 2016 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops |url=https://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2016/2016-05.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Comichron]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2016 |title=Top 300 Comics Actual--May 2016 |url=https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/34698/top-300-comics-actual-may-2016 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref> The first issue received positive reviews from ''[[Comics Beat]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Alexander |date=2016-04-08 |title=The Marvel Rundown: The Battle for Wakanda Begins as Readers Discover the Origin of a Fan-Favorite Star Wars hero |url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/the-marvel-rundown-the-battle-for-wakanda-begins-as-readers-discover-the-origin-of-a-fan-favorite-star-wars-hero/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ComicsBeat]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and ''[[IGN]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schedeen |first=Jesse |date=2016-04-04 |title=Black Panther #1 Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/04/04/black-panther-1-review |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en}}</ref> Critics found the second issue compelling and unusual, but enigmatic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Alexander |date=2016-05-12 |title=The Marvel Rundown: Is Ta-Nehisi Coates' Black Panther Too Opaque to Love? |url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/the-marvel-rundown-is-ta-nehisi-coates-black-panther-too-opaque-to-love/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ComicsBeat]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Schedeen |first1=Jesse |last2=Hunt |first2=Levi |date=2016-05-12 |title=Comic Book Reviews for May 11, 2016 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/05/12/comic-book-reviews-for-may-11-2016 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en}}</ref> Critic Todd Steven Burroughs characterizes the story as "ultra-cerebral," and suggests that some of the previous authors of the character may have found it pretentious.<ref>Burroughs, p. 154-155.</ref> He interprets the story as a fascinating [[deconstruction]] of Wakanda that removes "what [Coates] might call the intellectual crutch of [[Black nationalism]]" from the mythos of Black Panther.<ref>Burroughs, p. 154.</ref>

In Coates' second storyline, ''Avengers of the New World'', Wakanda's mythology was expanded, showing the panther goddess Bast as a member of a pantheon known as The Orisha, the term [[orisha]], a [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] word for spirit or deity from [[Yoruba mythology]], the pantheon is composed of [[Heliopolitans|Egyptian gods]] and other origins, such as [[Kokou (orisha)|Kokou]], an orisha from [[Benin]].<ref>Ta-Nehisi Coates, Black Panther: Avengers of the New World part 1, 2017.</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Panther God (Black Panther character/Egyptian God) |url=http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/bast.htm |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.marvunapp.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Butler |first=Stuart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qM4f8MNsCW4C&q=kokou+benin&pg=PA32 |title=Benin: The Bradt Travel Guide |date=2006 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-148-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{refn|[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] is one of the official languages of Wakanda.<ref name="marvelatlas2">{{Cite comic||Writer=Michael Hoskin, [[Anthony Flamini]], Eric J. Moreels & Stuart Vandal|Story=|Title=Marvel Atlas|Issue=2|Date=May 2008|Publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]}}</ref>|group=nb}} Coates also wrote a six-issue series called ''Black Panther and the Crew'' that addresses the problem of [[Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States|police killings]] and also suggests that the Marvel universe includes a number of previously unknown superheroes from the [[Bandung Conference]].<ref>Ta-Nehisi Coates, Black Panther and the Crew: We Are the Streets, 2017.</ref>

In 2017, the [[Africanfuturism|Africanfuturist]] writer [[Nnedi Okorafor]] wrote the series ''Black Panther: Long Live the King''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/05/africa/nigerian-writer-nnedi-blank-panther/index.html|title=Nnedi Okorafor will write Black Panther stories for Marvel|work=CNN|access-date=November 17, 2017|archive-date=September 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922064331/https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/05/africa/nigerian-writer-nnedi-blank-panther/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2018, Christopher Priest, Don McGregor, and Reginald Hudlin each contributed one story to the ''Black Panther'' Annual #1.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.avclub.com/iconic-creators-return-to-wakanda-in-this-black-panther-1823047658|title=Iconic creators return to Wakanda in this ''Black Panther Annual'' exclusive|last=Sava|first=Oliver|date= February 15, 2018|work=The A.V. Club|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613015133/https://www.avclub.com/iconic-creators-return-to-wakanda-in-this-black-panther-1823047658 |archive-date= June 13, 2018|url-status= live|df= mdy-all}}</ref>

In spring 2018, Coates wrote a new Black Panther series. Titled ''The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda'', this is a [[space opera]].<ref>Ta-Nehisi Coates, Black Panther: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda part one, 2018.</ref> According to [[Diamond Comic Distributors]], ''Black Panther'' (2018) #1 was the 5th best-selling comic book in May 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 100 Comics: May 2018 |url=http://www.diamondcomics.com/Article/213865-Top-100-Comics-May-2018 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Diamond Comic Distributors]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comichron: May 2018 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops |url=https://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2018/2018-05.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Comichron]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2018 |title=Top 500 Comics--May 2018 |url=https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/40671/top-500-comics-may-2018 |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref>

Oliver Vestal of ''[[ComicsVerse]]'' gave ''Black Panther'' (2018) #1 a score of 97%, writing, "''Black Panther'' #1 made for a strong start to the series. Ta-Nehisi Coates uses thorough world-building to establish a plot and characters. Daniel Acuña uses a mix of blurry and clear details and a dark palette to reflect the tone of the issue."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vestal |first=Oliver |date=May 23, 2018 |title=Finding Yourself Lost in BLACK PANTHER #1 |url=https://comicsverse.com/black-panther-1-review/ |website=[[ComicsVerse]]}}</ref> Jesse Schedeen of ''[[IGN]]'' gave ''Black Panther'' #1 a grade of 8.6 out of 10, asserting, "''Black Panther'' #1 is a promising start for this new era of Coates' run. It's certainly different enough from previous incarnations. And Acuna's art ensures that the book looks better than it has since Brian Stelfreeze was drawing it. Issue #1 gives readers a fresh start with the character while also offering plenty of incentive to stick around and see where this strange odyssey is heading."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schedeen |first=Jesse |date=2018-05-23 |title=Marvel's Fresh Start Reinvigorates Black Panther (Black Panther #1 Review) |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/05/23/marvels-fresh-start-reinvigorates-black-panther-black-panther-1-review |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en}}</ref>

===2020s===
In 2021, [[John Ridley]] wrote a new five-issue Black Panther series.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gustines|first=George Gene|date=2021-05-18|title=Marvel Announces a New Black Panther Series|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/18/arts/marvel-black-panther-john-ridley.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/18/arts/marvel-black-panther-john-ridley.html |archive-date=2021-12-28 |url-access=limited|access-date=2021-05-18|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

According to [[Diamond Comic Distributors]], ''Black Panther'' (2021) #1 was the 10th best-selling comic book in November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comichron: November 2021 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops by Diamond |url=https://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2021/2021-11Diamond.html |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Comichron]]}}</ref>

Hannibal Tabu of ''[[Bleeding Cool]]'' gave ''Black Panther'' #1 a grade of 8.5 out of 10, saying, "This John Ridley script is a rush of adrenaline and smarts all at once, with clever elements introduced along the way. T'Challa's secret balances both the old ways of Wakanda as personified by the White Wolf and the modern egalitarian Wakanda he's trying to build. Then there's the visual storytelling from Juann Cabal, Federico Blee, and Joe Sabino, which will tickle the fancy of fans of, well, any Marvel project featuring Sebastian Stan, basically. They feature a great Avengers fight scene (that also mixes in wonderful character work) with a gorgeous view of an evolving Wakanda. "A king's business is getting things done," T'Challa says at one point. With a great espionage-tinted take, this issue takes that business very seriously."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tabu |first=Hannibal |date=2021-12-05 |title=Black Panther #1 Review: A Lane All His Own |url=https://bleedingcool.com/comics/black-panther-1-review-a-lane-all-his-own/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Bleeding Cool]] |language=en}}</ref> Tim Adams of ''[[ComicBook.com]]'' gave ''Black Panther'' #1 a grade of 4 out of 5, saying, "Marvel's new era of Black Panther gets off to a captivating start. Whereas the previous volume by Ta-Nehisi Coates and Daniel Acuna primarily took place in the stars, John Ridley, Juann Cabal, and Federico Blue deliver the beginnings of an espionage tale. Marvel Stormbreaker artist Juann Cabal is quickly rising as a superstar artist after fan-favorite runs on X-23 and Guardians of the Galaxy. His work with Blee on Black Panther remains top-notch, and watching T'Challa balance his responsibilities between being the chairperson of the Avengers and ruler of Wakanda is even stressful for the reader. The main plot reveals some major secrets Black Panther has been keeping, which has those closest to him questioning his actions in an understandable way. Something I always enjoy with a first issue is an end-of-page teaser offering clues to future storylines, and this one has some juicy scenes of stories-to-come."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Tim |date=November 24, 2021 |title=Comic Book Reviews for This Week: 11/24/2021 |url=https://comicbook.com/comics/news/new-comic-reviews-dc-marvel-image-november-24-2021/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[ComicBook.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2022 the limited series ''Wakanda'' was announced, written by Stephanie Williams and illustrated by Paco Medina, the series will have a backup series titled ''History of the Black Panthers'', written by [[Evan Narcisse]] and illustrated by Natacha Bustos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Rourke |first=Ryan |date=2022-07-09 |title=New 'Wakanda' Comic Series Sees Shuri, Killmonger, and More Defend the Nation |url=https://collider.com/black-panther-wakanda-comic-series-shuri-killmonger/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Collider |language=en-US |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922064332/https://collider.com/black-panther-wakanda-comic-series-shuri-killmonger/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2022, Marvel announced the one-shot ''Black Panther: Unconquered'', written by [[Bryan Edward Hill]] and illustrated by Alberto Foche.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Shrishty |date=2022-08-06 |title='Black Panther: Unconquered' Comic to Bring Forth Secrets of Wakanda |url=https://collider.com/black-panther-unconquered-comic-wakanda-forever-marvel/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Collider |language=en-US |archive-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808010704/https://collider.com/black-panther-unconquered-comic-wakanda-forever-marvel/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2023, a new ''Black Panther'' series was announced, written by [[Eve Ewing]] and illustrated by Chris Allen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marvel's Black Panther Series Relaunches With Eve L. Ewing and Chris Allen (Exclusive) |url=https://comicbook.com/comics/news/marvel-black-panther-relaunch-eve-l-ewing-chris-allen/ |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Comics |date=January 18, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

According to the ComicHub system at local comic book shops selling American comics, ''Black Panther'' (2023) #1 was the 11th best-selling comic book in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2023 |title=Top 50 Comics - June 2023 |url=https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/54532/top-50-comics-june-2023 |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[ICv2]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=July 18, 2023 |title=June 2023 Single Issue Comic Book Sales Rankings |url=https://www.comicbookrevolution.com/june-2023-single-issue-comic-book-sales-rankings/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=ComicBookRevolution.com |language=en}}</ref>

Hannah Rose of ''[[Comic Book Resources]]'' wrote, "''Black Panther'' #1 is a subtle and humane study of a changing character and shifting fictional landscape. Although a slow burn in turns of action, and offers questions with no easy answers, this issue is worth checking out precisely for those reasons."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Hannah |date=June 15, 2023 |title=REVIEW: Marvel's Black Panther #1 |url=https://www.cbr.com/review-marvels-black-panther-1/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |language=en}}</ref> Charlie Ridgely of ''[[ComicBook.com]]'' gave ''Black Panther'' #1 a grade of 5 out of 5, stating, "If a king has no kingdom, what does he become? That's one of the central questions that writer Eve L. Ewing sets out to answer in her exciting new ''Black Panther'' series at Marvel Comics. This new take on the iconic character strips away so much of what we've always thought the Black Panther to be, focusing on who T'Challa is at his core. The result, at least in this week's debut issue, is a fantastic exploration of a character readers have known for years, making him seem both brand new and entirely familiar."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ridgely |first=Charlie |date=June 14, 2023 |title=Comic Book Reviews for This Week: 6/14/2023 |url=https://comicbook.com/comics/news/new-comic-reviews-dc-marvel-image-june-14-2023/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[ComicBook.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

Bryan Edward Hill writes ''[[Ultimate Black Panther]]'' with art by Stefano Caselli, which takes place in an alternate continuity from the mainstream Marvel universe. The comic is about Black Panther defending the continent of Africa from the deities [[Khonshu (Marvel Comics)#Ultimate Universe|Khonshu]] and Ra. Hill said "I was invigorated by this opportunity because in addition to my immense respect for Johnathan Hickman's detailed storytelling, the idea of shepherding this bold new take on Black Panther in this event gives me a platform to do the kind of broad, epic, storytelling I've always wanted to do in comics. My influences range from the history of Black Panther comics, to Ryan Coogler's incredible work with the recent films, to [[Frank Herbert]]'s world-building capacity of [[Dune (franchise)|''Dune'']]. This is something people won't expect, in the best of ways, and full credit to Marvel and editors Wil Moss and Michelle Marchese for bringing this creative possibility to me."<ref name="comicon2023">{{cite web |author=JESSE SCHEDEEN |date=October 16, 2023 |title=Marvel Comics Reveals the New Ultimate Universe - New York Comic-Con 2023 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/marvel-comics-reveals-the-new-ultimate-universe-new-york-comic-con-2023 |access-date=October 19, 2023 |publisher=IGN}}</ref>

==Characterization==
===Fictional character biography===
T'Challa is born to T'Chaka, the Black Panther, and Queen N'Yami. N'Yami dies in childbirth, and T'Challa's second wife, Ramonda, gives birth to Shuri. Ramonda vanishes shortly after. T'Challa defeats his uncle during the a ritual event and becomes Black Panther.<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 4 #2</ref> As an adolescent, T'Challa goes on a walkabout manhood ritual and meets a young orphan in Cairo, Ororo Munroe (who will later become Storm).<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 4 #14</ref> He is sent abroad and graduates from Oxford University. Klaw then invades Wakanda and murders T'Chaka, but is subsequently driven away by T'Challa.<ref>Biographical timeline included in Wiacek, p. 12.</ref>

T'Challa invites the Fantastic Four to Wakanda, then attacks and attempts to neutralize them individually, to test himself as preparation to battle Klaw, who has replaced his shattered right hand with a sonic weapon.<ref>''Fantastic Four'' #52–53 (July – August 1966)</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Brian |last=Cronin |url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/09/19/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-262/#more-60191 |title=A Year of Cool Comics—Day 262 |publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]] CSBG Archive |date=September 19, 2010 |access-date=March 4, 2015 |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708181411/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2010/09/19/a-year-of-cool-comics-day-262/#more-60191 |url-status=live }}</ref> After the ruler makes proper amends to the Four, they befriend and help T'Challa, and he in turn aids them against the supervillain the [[Psycho-Man]].<ref>''Fantastic Four'' Annual #5 (1967)</ref> T'Challa later joins the Avengers, on [[Captain America]]'s recommendation.<ref>''The Avengers'' #52 (May 1968)</ref>

After receiving numerous urgent official letters requesting him to return to his increasingly troubled homeland,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Englehart|first1=Steve|last2=Brown|first2=Bob|title=All the Sounds and Sights of Death!|journal=The Avengers|date=August 1974|volume=|issue= #126}}</ref> the Panther leaves his active Avengers membership to return to a Wakanda on the brink of civil war. T'Challa eventually proposes and becomes engaged to Monica Lynne,<ref>''Black Panther: Panther's Prey'' #1–4 (May – October 1991)</ref> though the couple never marry.

Killmonger then defeats T'Challa in ritual combat, thus inheriting the role of Black Panther,<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 3 #20 (July 2000)</ref> but falls into a [[coma]] upon eating the heart-shaped herb.<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 3 #24 (November 2000)</ref> T'Challa preserves his rival's life rather than allowing him to die.

Later, T'Challa finds he has a brain aneurysm like his alternate future self, and succumbs to instability and hallucinations. After his mental state almost causes tribal warfare, the Panther hands power to his council<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 3 #49 (November 2002)</ref> and hides in New York City. While recovering, he trains a police officer, Kasper Cole, to be the new Black Panther. T'Challa eventually recovers, Cole becomes White Tiger, and T'Challa returns to Wakanda.<ref>Wiacek, p. 15.</ref>

He marries Storm.<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 4 #14-15</ref> They tour the world. Subsequently, Black Panther faces Erik Killmonger, defeating him with assistance from [[Monica Rambeau]] (a.k.a. Pulsar).<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 4 #35–37</ref> Attacked by the forces of fellow Cabal member Doctor Doom, T'Challa is left comatose.<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 5 #1–2</ref> His sister [[Shuri (comics)|Shuri]] is trained as the next Black Panther, with the mantle passing onto her officially after T'Challa awakens from his coma and attempts to recover from his injuries.<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 5 #2–7</ref> In the aftermath, T'Challa loses all of his enhanced attributes given to him by being the Panther totem. As a result, he works with his sorcerer, Zawavari, to accumulate a replacement.<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 5 #8</ref>

Matt Murdock (the superhero [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil]]) asks T'Challa to replace him as guardian of Hell's Kitchen, giving T'Challa a chance to discover himself and explore his new limits while Murdock takes a leave of absence.

Upon his return to Wakanda, T'Challa serves as a second to his sister, Shuri, who remains the kingdom's active ruler. In preparation for an upcoming attack on Wakanda, the Panther Goddess returns T'Challa's abilities.<ref name="Fantastic Four #608">{{Cite comic|writer=[[Jonathan Hickman|Hickman, Jonathan]]|penciller=Camuncoli, Giuseppe|inker=[[Karl Kesel|Kesel, Karl]]|story=City of the Dead|title=Fantastic Four|volume=|issue=#608|date=July 18, 2012|publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]|location=|page=|panel=|id=}}</ref> Empowered by the Phoenix, Namor destroys Wakanda with a massive tidal wave.<ref>{{Cite comic|writer=[[Brian Michael Bendis|Bendis, Brian Michael]]|penciller=[[Adam Kubert|Kubert, Adam]]|inker=Dell, John|story=Avengers Vs. X-Men (Part Eight)|title=Avengers vs. X-Men|volume=1|issue=#8|date=July 18, 2012|publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]|location=|page=|panel=|id=}}</ref> Returning to help, Storm is stunned when the Panther informs her that their marriage has been annulled.<ref>{{Cite comic|writer=[[Jason Aaron|Aaron, Jason]]|penciller=[[Adam Kubert|Kubert, Adam]]|inker=Dell, John|story=Avengers Vs. X-Men (Part Nine)|title=Avengers vs. X-Men|volume=|issue=#9|date=August 1, 2012|publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]|location=|page=|panel=|id=}}</ref>

After witnessing an alternate Earth over Wakanda being destroyed by the [[Black Swan (comics)|Black Swan]], T'Challa reforms the Illuminati—with Beast replacing the now-deceased Charles Xavier—to confront the threat of the Incursions, parallel universes colliding with each other to the destruction of both. As part of the ''[[All-New, All-Different Marvel]]'', Black Panther is a member of the [[Ultimates (2015 team)|Ultimates]].<ref>''The Ultimates'' vol. 2 #1. Marvel Comics.</ref>

Black Panther represents Wakanda on the [[Alpha Flight]] Space Program's [[Board of governors|Board of Governors]].<ref>''Captain Marvel'' vol. 9 #6 (2016). Marvel Comics.</ref> During Hydra's reign over America led by Arnim Zola, Baron Zemo and Steve Rogers, Panther is captured for opposing this regime, and brought into a containing room. After the defeat of Supreme Hydra Steve Rogers, Black Panther establishes his quest to go across the universe with his people, and found an [[Galactic empire|Intergalactic Empire]] of Wakanda on Planet Bast, located in the Benhazin Star System.<ref>''[[Marvel Legacy]]'' #1. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/black-panther-intergalactic-empire-wakanda-things-should-know/|title=Black Panther: 10 Things Fans Should Know About The Intergalactic Empire Of Wakanda|date=December 11, 2019|website=CBR|language=en-US|access-date=January 6, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212121704/https://www.cbr.com/black-panther-intergalactic-empire-wakanda-things-should-know/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Personality and motivations===
"Black Panther" is a title that is partly hereditary, but also must be validated in combat. In Hudlin's series, a US government representative describes the tradition as a "spiritually-based warrior cult," and interprets the position as "sort of like being [[Pope]], president and head of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] all at once."<ref>Reginald Hundlin, Black Panther (2005) #2.</ref>

T'Challa is a shrewd political actor whose main concern is the survival and prosperity of his nation, Wakanda.<ref>Black Panther Complete Collection by Christopher Priest vol 1., emphasized in interview with Priest.</ref> He is extraordinarily skilled in combat, but often applies deception and strategy to achieve his goals. While he often works independently or alongside the Avengers in order to achieve the collective good, he also has the vast resources of Wakanda at his disposal. He is cautious about his personal relationships, and his romantic connections are characterized by strict monogamous commitment.<ref>Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin vol. 2</ref> While he views his primary responsibility as his own nation-state, he also has some feeling of connection and loyalty to the larger [[African diaspora]] and at times is involved in political and social efforts to improve the circumstances of [[African Americans]].<ref>Ta Nehisi Coates, Black Panther and the Crew.</ref> In Ta-Nahesi Coates's characterization, T'Challa has an adventurous spirit and does not actually enjoy the burden of being king.<ref>Rich Sands, "Diversity of Perspective," Black Panther: Los Angeles Times Special Edition, p. 21.</ref>

==Powers, abilities and equipment==
Black Panther has acute senses as well as extraordinary "speed, strength, reflexes, durability, healing, and stamina." These capacities partly come from his own training and partly from the properties of a Wakandan heart-shaped herb. The relationship between the heart-shaped herb and Wakanda's vibranium resources is unclear.<ref>Wiacek, p. 16</ref>

Black Panther has "peak human" athletic abilities and is one of the most effective fighters in hand-to-hand combat in the Marvel Universe. In his first published appearance, he defeats all of the members of the Fantastic Four single-handedly. For decades after, he was represented as much less formidable, with no distinct powers. Christopher Priest believes this was one of the reasons why the character was under-utilized.<ref name="auto2"/>

In his contemporary incarnation, he has an armored, bulletproof suit with razor-sharp claws in its finger gauntlets. His mask includes communications equipment, his eye lenses can read ultraviolet and infrared signals, his suit can switch to a camouflage mode, and he has vibranium lacing in his soles to absorb impact. In addition, he has special armor for unusual occasions.<ref>Wiacek, p. 22-23.</ref> Black Panther is unique among superheroes in that he generally has the resources of an entire nation supporting him.

==Themes and motifs==
===Racism and Black pride===
While the early writers of the story were white men, the subsequent authors Priest, Hudlin, and Coates are all Black American men. These writers used the character also to comment on US racism and stereotypes.<ref>Bukatman, p. 30.</ref> For example, a cognitive psychologist has argued that Priest's depiction of assumptions made by white characters in his stories are an early media representation of [[microaggressions]]. This is particularly evinced in the character of Everett Ross, who is constantly misunderstanding his experiences of Africa and Black people because of his unconscious prejudices.<ref>J. Scott Jordan, "Exploring the Hidden Kingdoms of Assumption," interview with Christopher Priest, in ''Black Panther Psychology: Hidden Kingdoms'', ed. Travis Langley and Alex Simmons, Sterling, 2019, p.114</ref> Particularly in the Reginald Hudlin period, Black Panther is positioned as a uniquely Black superhero, representing the best and most powerful aspects of contemporary Black masculinity.<ref>Burroughs, p. 1, 2</ref>

===Colonialism and decolonization===
The stories also explore imaginary approaches to the circumstances, opportunities, and difficulties of small, resource-rich nations in the [[Global South]]. Black Panther's character and his fictional kingdom, Wakanda, constitute an early example of what was later called [[Afrofuturism]]. As Scott Bukatman writes, Wakanda is "an African nation never conquered, never colonized, never subservient. Small wonder Wakanda was foundational to the ethos and aesthetic later labeled Afrofuturist."<ref>Bukatman, p. 13</ref> Black Panther's first story also establishes that Wakanda is in possession of a valuable natural resource (vibranium) and that various powers wish to violate Wakanda's sovereignty in order to obtain that resource.<ref>Burroughs, p. 5.</ref> While Lee and Kirby disavowed political motivation, historians of popular culture have commented on the coincidence of Black Panther's creation at the same time as [[Third World]] revolutionary movements and US [[Black Power]] organizations, such as the Black Panther Party and the [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]].<ref>Qiana J. Witted, "Volume Introduction," Black Panther by Don McGregor, Rich Buckler, Billy Graham, Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Penguin Books, 2022.</ref> Adilifu Nama reads T'Challa as "an idealized composite of third-world Black revolutionaries and the [[Decolonization|anticolonialist]] movement of the 1950s that they represented," and compares him to [[Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Patrice Lumumba]], and [[Kwame Nkrumah]].<ref>''Adilifu Nama, Super Black: American Pop Culture and Black Superheroes, Austin: University of Texas Press'', 2011, p. 42</ref> However, while many third-world revolutionaries believed in some version of [[socialism]], Wakanda is portrayed as a monarchy. Moreover, while African independence movements were usually skeptical of US national interests they perceived as [[American imperialism|imperialist]], Black Panther is a friendly ally of [[Captain America]] and other American superheroes. Martin Lund suggests that the early appearances of Black Panther are partly meant to suggest a clearly anti-communist model of independent African state, to calm Western anxieties about decolonization.<ref name="auto1"/> Later writers of Black Panther comics such as Ta-Nehisi Coates, [[Roxane Gay]] and Nnedi Okorafor, in the 2010s and '20s, explicitly make the ideal of monarchy problematic and strive to portray a more democratic and inclusive vision of [[African nationalism]].<ref>Nnedi Okorafor, foreword, in McGregor, et al., p. xix-xx.</ref> Coates and Gay also emphasize the agency of women and [[lesbian]] characters.

===Challenges and transformation of the human body===
The series often emphasizes the vulnerability of the human body, or, conversely, a technologically armored heroic body. In Billy Graham's illustrations for Don McGregor's 1970s Black Panther stories, his costume is often destroyed and he is frequently depicted as resisting or overcoming immense exertion or suffering.<ref>Qiana J. Whitted, in McGregor, et al. p. xxxiii.</ref> Todd Steven Burroughs describes McGregor's rendition of the Panther as "a kind of warrior-priest who could endure suffering as well as any Hindu [[yogi]]."<ref>Burroughs, p. 20.</ref> In contrast, Priest's and Hudlin's runs of Black Panther depict him as extraordinarily powerful, with an armored, bulletproof suit that is rarely damaged. In addition, the later version of the Panther suit includes razor-sharp claws.<ref>Christopher Priest, "Panther by Priest," interview included in ''Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection'' vol. 3, 2018.</ref>

===War===
Black Panther comics often depict war. Sometimes this is portrayed as heroic, such as instances when Wakanda protects its freedom and independence, but in other instances war is depicted as random and cruel. For example, in Don McGregor's "Panther's Rage," the narrator intones, "War not only affects its perpetrators and its participants. It ravages all it touches, and scars much past that. Innocents die alongside warriors, and some warriors are as innocent as the civilians whose fates await the outcome of the conflict."<ref>Don McGregor, Billy Graham and Klaus Janson, Jungle Action #11, Sept. 1974.</ref> This reflects an awareness of the [[List of conflicts in Africa|various contemporary African wars]]. The comics also sometimes depict the African wars that affect Wakanda as a product of labyrinthine rivalries among different world powers. For example, in Priest's series the villain Achebe is described as a refugee from a "war instigated by Latin American terrorists who were financed by Russian mob money – all of this courtesy of rogue factions within the U.S. Intelligence community," with the intent of destabilizing Wakanda.<ref>Christopher Priest, Black Panther (1998) #11, September 1999.</ref> The comics also depict [[economic warfare]]. For example, in Priest's series, Killlmonger crashes the Wakandan economy by deflating the value of vibranium and devaluing the currency; T'Challa responds by nationalizing foreign interests.<ref>Christopher Priest, ''Black Panther'' (1998) #18 and ''Black Panther'' (1998) #20.</ref>

==Supporting characters==
{{Main|List of Black Panther supporting characters}}

===Allies===
Black Panther draws from the combat skills of his bodyguards, the Dora Milaje.<ref>Wiacek, p. 30.</ref> When facing cosmic threats, he works together with the Avengers,<ref>Wiacek, p. 40-41.</ref> and has a particularly respectful relationship with Captain America.<ref>Wiacek, p. 34-36</ref> He also works together with the Crew, which includes Luke Cage and Misty Knight. T'Challa also sometimes works together with an agent of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], Everett Ross, who is generally hapless.

===Other Black Panthers===
The mantle of the Black Panther is passed down from generation to generation among the rulers of Wakanda<ref name="PantherCult">{{cite web|title=The religion of Black Panther (T'Challa)|url=http://www.adherents.com/lit/comics/BlackPanther.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422200139/http://www.adherents.com/lit/comics/BlackPanther.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 22, 2006|website=Adherents.com}}</ref> In the diegetic world of the character, there have been thousands of Black Panthers. In the comics, these include a Stone-Age Black Panther named Mosi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dodge |first=John |date=2022-09-06 |title=The First Black Panther's Death Explains Wakanda's Oldest Truth |url=https://www.cbr.com/avengers-one-million-bc-black-panther-death-wakanda-isolationism-marvel/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=CBR |language=en-US}}</ref> an 11th-century incarnation named Nehanda,<ref>''The Mighty Thor'' vol. 2 #7. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''King Thor'' #4. Marvel Comics.</ref> and a nineteenth-century version named M'Teli.<ref name=":02">{{cite comic |Date=November 2023 |title=Black Panther (vol. 9) |story=Reign At Dusk, Part 6 |issue=6 |Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref> During World War II, the Panther was named T'Chanda,<ref>{{cite comic|story=|issue=5|title=Wakanda|Date=January 2023|Publisher=Marvel Comics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Panther (Azzuri the Wise) Powers, Enemies, History {{!}} Marvel |url=https://www.marvel.com/characters/black-panther-azzuri-the-wise |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Marvel Entertainment}}</ref> who first defeated [[Captain America]] and then allied with him to fight the Nazis.<ref>''Black Panther/Captain America: Flags of Our Fathers'' #1-4 (2010)</ref>

T'Challa's father is T'Chaka, who appeared for the first time in ''Fantastic Four'' #53 (August 1966) by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. The eldest son of King T'Chanda and Queen Nanali, T'Chaka inherits the throne and the title of the Black Panther on his father's death by being helped in his monarch duties by his younger brother and trusted adviser S'Yan.<ref name="BP4-2">''Black Panther'' vol. 4 #2 (May 2005).</ref> After having married a woman named N'Yami, believing she cannot have children, he adopts a child with her, Hunter; however, she later becomes pregnant and dies giving birth to her first child, T'Challa; from the relationship with a woman of another tribe T'Chaka then has a second son, Jakarra, and finally remarries with Ramonda, with whom he has his only daughter, Shuri.<ref name="BP4-2"/> When Ramonda subsequently disappears into nothingness, leading him to believe that he has been abandoned, he raises his children alone.<ref name="MCP13-37">''Marvel Comics Presents'' #13–37 (February – December 1989)</ref> To protect the kingdom, T'Chaka instituted a policy of strong isolationism,<ref name="auto">''Fantastic Four'' #52 (July 1966)</ref> but in the course of his life he often collaborated with agents of the U.S. government.<ref name="Flags">''Black Panther/Captain America: Flags of Our Fathers'' #1, giugno 2010.</ref><ref>''Avengers 1959'' #1–5 (December 2011 – March 2012)</ref> He is killed by Ulysses Klaw after having surprised him when he was trying to illegally extract vibranium in his kingdom.<ref name="FF53">''Fantastic Four'' #53 (August 1966)</ref>

In ''Black Panther'' vol. 3 #15 (February 2000), Erik Killmonger challenges and beats T'Challa in a duel for the throne, overthrowing him as king of Wakanda and taking on the role as the Black Panther.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection TPB Vol 1 #1|last=Priest|first=Christopher|publisher=Marvel|year=2015|isbn=978-0785192671}}</ref> He becomes comatose after attempting to ingest the heart-shaped herb to acquire the Black Panther's powers, as he is not of royal blood. Killmonger's time as king is short-lived however, as he is killed by [[Monica Rambeau]] during T'Challa's attack to reclaim Wakanda.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Black Panther: Back to Africa TPB Vol 1 #1|last=Hudlin|first=Reginald|publisher=Marvel|year=2008|isbn=978-0785124528}}</ref>

When T'Challa ends up in a coma because of [[Doctor Doom]],<ref>''Black Panther'' vol. 5 #1–2, (April – May 2009)</ref> Shuri becomes his substitute as the Black Panther and queen of Wakanda which, after the rise of her half-brother to "king of the dead" creates, for the first time in history, two avatars of the Panther Goddess.

===Romantic interests===
In the Don McGregor period, T'Challa's romantic partner was [[Monica Lynne]], an African-American singer. He also had a long-standing relationship with Ororo Munroe, also known as Storm of the X-Men, and they were married for years. Since their divorce, they maintain a close and intimate relationship.<ref>Wiacek, p. 116-117.</ref>

===Villains===
T'Challa has frequently battled Erik Killmonger, his rival for the throne of Wakanda.<ref>Wiacek, p. 36-37.</ref> He is also frequently in conflict with Doctor Doom<ref>Wiacek, p. 122.</ref> and Namor.<ref>Wiacek, p. 42.</ref>

===Alternate versions of T'Challa===
Other versions of T'Challa or Black Panther exist in other universes as part of Marvel's multiverse. These include [[Ultimate Black Panther]], an alternate universe variant of Black Panther from Earth-6160 who appears in ''[[Ultimate Invasion]]''. This version is Okoye's husband who succeeded T'Chaka after he was killed by a [[female suicide bomber]] working for [[Khonshu (Marvel Comics)|Khonshu]] and [[Ra (Marvel Comics)|Ra]].<ref>''Ultimate Universe'' #1. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #1. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #2. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #3. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #4. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #5. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #6. Marvel Comics.</ref><ref>''Ultimate Black Panther'' #7. Marvel Comics.</ref>

== Cultural impact and legacy ==
Black Panther became widely popular since the release of the film in which he starred, Black Panther, in 2018. Many sources have commended the significance of the character, particularly with regard to the representation of Black people. For example, Anubhav Chaudhry of ''[[Sportskeeda]]'' described Black Panther as a "powerful, regal, and intelligent black hero," writing, "The introduction of the Black Panther in 1966 marked a pivotal moment in the history of comic books, opening the doors for diverse characters to enter the mainstream."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhry |first=Anubhav |date=March 1, 2023 |title=The groundbreaking legacy of Marvel's first black superhero: The Black Panther |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/comics/the-groundbreaking-legacy-marvel-s-first-black-superhero-the-black-panther |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Laura Bradley of ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' included Black Panther in their "Stan Lee's Most Iconic Characters" list, describing him as the "first superhero of African descent in the comics world."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bradley |first=Laura |date=2018-11-12 |title=Stan Lee's Most Iconic Characters |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/photos/2018/11/best-stan-lee-characters |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazines)|Vanity Fair]] |language=en-US |access-date=2023-02-12}}</ref> Fred Bluden of ''[[Screen Rant]]'' asserts, "As a technological genius, diplomat, statesman, and superhero, Black Panther helped to encourage the creation of other prominent black superheroes who were more than stereotypes. As a character, and a cultural milestone, his importance cannot be overstated."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Blunden |first=Fred |date=2017-03-17 |title=25 Greatest Comic Book Heroes, Ranked |url=https://screenrant.com/comics-greatest-superheroes-marvel-dc-ranked/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' ranked Black Panther 1st in their "100 Best Marvel Characters" list.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-08 |title=The 100 Best Marvel Characters Ranked: 20-1 |url=https://www.avclub.com/top-marvel-movie-characters-ranked-1849148779 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803135005/https://www.avclub.com/top-marvel-movie-characters-ranked-1849148779 |archive-date=August 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Joseph J. Darowski, in the introduction to ''The Ages of Black Panther: Essays on the King of Wakanda'', argues that "The Black Panther's place in popular culture history is secured even as it is constantly evolving."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Darowski |first=Joseph |title=The Ages of Black Panther: Essays on the King of Wakanda |publisher=McFarland |year=2020 |isbn=978-1476675220 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |pages=i |language=English}}</ref> Darren Franich of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' ranked Black Panther 26th in their "Let's Rank Every Avenger Ever" list, writing, "The Black Panther has one of the most interesting backstory/mythologies in comic books."<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Franich |first1=Darren |date=April 29, 2015 |title=Let's Rank Every Avenger Ever |url=https://ew.com/article/2015/04/29/lets-rank-every-avenger-ever/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard Magazine]]'' ranked Black Panther 79th in their "200 Greatest Comic Book Character of All Time" list.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 20, 2008 |title=The 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time (Nos. 80–71) |url=http://www.wizarduniverse.com/0520087thgreatestcharacters.html |magazine=[[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526115633/http://www.wizarduniverse.com/0520087thgreatestcharacters.html |archive-date=May 26, 2008}}</ref>

In 2020, following the death of [[Chadwick Boseman]], [[Disneyland]] unveiled a mural at Anaheim's Downtown representing the actor giving the Wakanda salute to a young fan wearing a Black Panther mask.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Janet W. |date=2020-09-24 |title='Black Panther' Mural With Chadwick Boseman Unveiled at Disneyland |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/disneyland-black-panther-mural-downtown-disney-1234782665/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=2020-09-24 |title=Chadwick Boseman Mural Unveiled At Anaheim's Downtown Disney |url=https://deadline.com/2020/09/chadwick-boseman-mural-downtown-disney-anaheim-1234583748/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carras |first=Christi |date=September 24, 2020 |title=Powerful mural tribute to Chadwick Boseman unveiled at Downtown Disney |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-09-24/chadwick-boseman-mural-downtown-disney-nikkolas-smith |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2021, a [[wax figure]] of T'Challa / Black Panther was unveiled at [[Madame Tussauds London]], inspired by the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) incarnation of the character.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2021 |title=Madame Tussauds London unveils first ever Black Panther figure with the help of Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang |url=https://www.madametussauds.com/london/information/news/madame-tussauds-london-unveils-first-ever-black-panther-figure-with-the-help-of-pierre-emerick-aubameyang/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=[[Madame Tussauds London]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2021 |title=Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang helps welcome Black Panther to Madame Tussauds |url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2021-05-14/pierre-emerick-aubameyang-helps-welcome-black-panther-to-madame-tussauds |website=[[itv.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 16, 2021 |title=Black Panther waxwork model unveiled at Madame Tussauds |language=en-GB |work=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/newsround/57111794 |access-date=2023-07-30}}</ref> In 2022, [[BuyCostumes.com]] announced that T'Challa's Black Panther costume was the 8th most popular Halloween costume for kids.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Passy |first=Charles |date=October 31, 2022 |title=The most popular Halloween costumes for kids, pets — and adults |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/these-are-the-most-popular-halloween-costumes-for-2022-11664806948 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=[[MarketWatch]] |language=EN-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2022 |title=Costumes.com Shares Top Costumes for Pets, Kids and Adults in 2022 |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/10/04/2527624/0/en/Costumes-com-Shares-Top-Costumes-for-Pets-Kids-and-Adults-in-2022.html |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2022 |title=Here Are 2022's Most Popular Halloween Costumes for Kids, Adults, and Pets {{!}} 92.9 The Bull |url=https://thebulltucson.iheart.com/featured/nick/content/2022-10-05-here-are-2022s-most-popular-halloween-costumes-for-kids-adults-and-pets/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[CKBL-FM]] |language=en}}</ref>

==In other media==
{{Main|Black Panther in other media}}
{{See also|T'Challa (Marvel Cinematic Universe)}}
[[File:Chadwick Boseman by Gage Skidmore July 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Boseman at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]].]]
In 2018, a film adaptation titled ''[[Black Panther (2018 film)|Black Panther]]'' was released, starring [[Chadwick Boseman]] as T'Challa and directed by [[Ryan Coogler]]. ''Black Panther'' was met with positive reviews from film critics. It became the highest-grossing solo superhero film of all time,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=2018-03-25 |title='Pacific Rim: Uprising' Tops $150M In Global Bow; 'Black Panther' Now #1 Solo Superhero Movie WW – International Box Office |url=https://deadline.com/2018/03/pacific-rim-uprising-china-black-panther-tomb-raider-coco-peter-rabbit-international-box-office-weekend-results-1202353014/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> the [[List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films#Box office performance|third-highest-grossing film of the MCU]] and [[List of highest grossing superhero films|superhero film]] overall,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=2018-03-24 |title=Box Office: 'Black Panther' Becomes Top-Grossing Superhero Film of All Time in U.S. |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/box-office-black-panther-becomes-top-grossing-superhero-film-all-time-us-1097101/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> the [[List of highest-grossing films#Highest-grossing films|ninth-highest-grossing film]] of all time,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=2018-04-30 |title='Avengers: Infinity War' Box Office: What Fueled the Movie's Record Opening |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/avengers-infinity-war-box-office-what-fueled-movies-record-opening-1106875/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and the highest-grossing film by an African-American director.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendelson |first=Scott |date=March 25, 2018 |title=Box Office: 'Black Panther' Tops 'Last Jedi' And 'Avengers' |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2018/03/25/box-office-black-panther-tops-last-jedi-and-avengers/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Easter |first=Make |date=March 21, 2018 |title='Black Panther' breaks another record, becoming the most tweeted-about film of all time |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-black-panther-twitter-20180321-htmlstory.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> It is the fifth MCU film and 33rd overall to surpass $1{{nbsp}}billion,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=2018-03-10 |title=Box-Office Milestone: 'Black Panther' Joins Billion-Dollar Club |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/box-office-milestone-black-panther-joins-billion-dollar-club-1093586/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[2018 in film#Highest-grossing films|second-highest-grossing film of 2018]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic Box Office For 2018 |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/2018/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made history as the first superhero film to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]. [[Chadwick Boseman]] also portrayed T'Challa / Black Panther in other media set in the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]].<ref name="Oct2014Event">{{cite news |url=http://www.newsarama.com/22573-marvel-announces-black-panther-captain-marvel-inhumans-avengers-infinity-war-films-cap-thor-3-subtitles.html |title=Marvel Announces Black Panther, Captain Marvel, Inhumans, Avengers: Infinity War Films, Cap & Thor 3 Subtitles |last=Siegel |first=Lucas |work=[[Newsarama]] |date=October 28, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028211803/http://www.newsarama.com/22573-marvel-announces-black-panther-captain-marvel-inhumans-avengers-infinity-war-films-cap-thor-3-subtitles.html |archive-date=October 28, 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="Boseman">{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/movies/23548/chadwick_boseman_to_star_in_marvels_black_panther |title=Chadwick Boseman to Star in Marvel's Black Panther |last=Strom |first=Marc |publisher=[[Marvel.com]] |date=October 28, 2014 |access-date=October 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028201432/http://marvel.com/news/movies/23548/chadwick_boseman_to_star_in_marvels_black_panther |archive-date=October 28, 2014 |url-status=live  }}</ref> T'Challa appears in the live-action films ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'' (2016), ''[[Black Panther (film)|Black Panther]]'' (2018),<ref name="Oct2014Event" /><ref name="Boseman" /> ''[[Avengers: Infinity War]]'' (2018),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/06/08/black-panther-officially-part-of-avengers-infinity-war |title=Black Panther Officially Part of Avengers: Infinity War |last=Reilly |first=Luke |website=IGN |date=May 7, 2017 |access-date=May 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608132422/http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/06/08/black-panther-officially-part-of-avengers-infinity-war |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/avengers-endgame-cast-every-character-return/|title=Every Character In Avengers: Endgame|first1=Cooper|last1=Hood|work=Screen Rant|date=April 27, 2019|access-date=April 28, 2019|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426133414/https://screenrant.com/avengers-endgame-cast-every-character-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> The actor voices three alternate timeline versions of T'Challa in season one of the [[Disney+]] animated series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'', which were released posthumously.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=William |title=Marvel just released an extremely intriguing cast list for Disney+'s animated What If…? |url=https://www.avclub.com/marvel-just-released-an-extremely-intriguing-cast-list-1836569935 |website=A.V. Club |date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=July 21, 2019 |archive-date=July 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721041330/https://news.avclub.com/marvel-just-released-an-extremely-intriguing-cast-list-1836569935 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thedirect.com/article/chadwick-boseman-reportedly-recorded-lines-for-marvel-studios-what-if-prior-to-death|title=Chadwick Boseman Reportedly Recorded Lines for Marvel Studios' What If...? Prior to Death|first=Richard|last=Nebens|website=thedirect.com|date=August 31, 2020|access-date=September 18, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201085854/https://thedirect.com/article/chadwick-boseman-reportedly-recorded-lines-for-marvel-studios-what-if-prior-to-death|url-status=live}}</ref> In ''[[Black Panther: Wakanda Forever]]'' (2022), T'Challa's sister [[Shuri (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Shuri]] (portrayed by [[Letitia Wright]]) takes over the mantle of the Black Panther.

Black Panther's first animated appearance was in ''[[Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)|Fantastic Four]]'', voiced by [[Keith David]].<ref>[http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Keith-David/ Keith David] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207081951/http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Keith-David/ |date=February 7, 2014 }}, behindthevoiceactors.com, retrieved November 29, 2012</ref> In 2010, he later appeared in a [[Black Panther (TV series)|self-titled animated TV series]] on [[Black Entertainment Television]], voiced by [[Djimon Hounsou]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://marvel.com/news/tv/5951/djimon_hounsou_roars_as_the_black_panther |title=Djimon Hounsou Roars as the Black Panther |publisher=Marvel.com |date=November 11, 2008 |access-date=January 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411092925/http://marvel.com/news/tv/5951/djimon_hounsou_roars_as_the_black_panther |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marvel.com/news/comicstories.6694.NYCC_~apos~09~colon~_Marvel~slash~BET_Black_Panther_Panel |title=New York Comic Con 2009: Marvel/BET Black Panther Panel Live Blog |publisher=Marvel.com |date=February 7, 2009 |access-date=January 6, 2011 |archive-date=March 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318155946/http://marvel.com/news/comicstories.6694.NYCC_~apos~09~colon~_Marvel~slash~BET_Black_Panther_Panel |url-status=live }}</ref> This series was a literal adaptation of [[Reginald Hudlin]]'s arc of the comic series.<ref>Burroughs, p. 114-115.</ref> Subsequently, Black Panther appeared as a supporting character in ''[[The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes]]'', voiced by [[James C. Mathis III]].<ref name="lamarravengerscartoon">{{cite news|url=http://www.newsarama.com/tv/Lamarr-Avengers-Animated-100208.html|title=''Avengers'' Animated Assembling w/ Phil Lamarr|first=Jenna|last=Busch|date=February 8, 2010|work=[[Newsarama]]|access-date=February 8, 2010|archive-date=February 11, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211013131/http://www.newsarama.com/tv/Lamarr-Avengers-Animated-100208.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[Avengers Assemble (TV series)|Avengers Assemble]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/ultimate-spider-man-and-avengers-renewed-on-disney-xd-with-new-titles|title='Ultimate Spider-Man' and 'Avengers' Renewed on Disney XD with New Titles|work=Comic Book Resources|date=June 2015|access-date=June 1, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140345/http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/ultimate-spider-man-and-avengers-renewed-on-disney-xd-with-new-titles|url-status=live}}</ref> voiced again by James C. Mathis III.<ref name="btva">{{cite web |title=Black Panther / T'Challa Voices (Black Panther) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Black-Panther/Black-Panther-TChalla/ |access-date=February 11, 2024 |website=Behind The Voice Actors}} Check marks indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.</ref> The fifth season of the show is named "Black Panther's Quest", with the narrative focus on Black Panther, Shuri, and Wakanda rather than the Avengers. The season was first announced at San Diego Comic-Con, and Daisy Lightfoot provided the voices for Shuri.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cbr.com/black-panther-shuri-avengers-assembles-fifth-season/|title= Black Panther, Shuri Are At the Heart of Avengers Assemble's Fifth Season|author= Sam Stone|date= July 17, 2018|publisher= CBR|accessdate=October 12, 2024}}</ref> For young children, the Black Panther appears in ''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'', voiced by [[Tru Valentino]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ew.com/tv/patrick-stump-marvels-spidey-and-his-amazing-friends-theme-song/|title=Patrick Stump breaks down his theme song for new cartoon 'Spidey and His Amazing Friends'|website=EW.com|access-date=June 7, 2021|archive-date=June 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608000150/https://ew.com/tv/patrick-stump-marvels-spidey-and-his-amazing-friends-theme-song/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dgepress.com/disneyjunior/pressrelease/marvels-spidey-and-his-amazing-friends-season-1-fact-sheet/|title=Marvel's Spidey and his Amazing Friends: Season 1 Fact Sheet|website=[[Disney Television Studios]]|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722210603/https://www.dgepress.com/disneyjunior/pressrelease/marvels-spidey-and-his-amazing-friends-season-1-fact-sheet/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, Disney announced a new animated series called ''[[Eyes of Wakanda]]'' that will tell the stories of T'Challa's ancestors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peralta |first=Diego |date=2023-12-12 |title='Black Panther' Is Getting an Animated Series on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/black-panther-animated-series-disney-plus/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Collider |language=en}}</ref>

Black Panther has also featured in several video games, such as ''[[Marvel: Ultimate Alliance]]'', voiced by [[Phil LaMarr]].<ref name="btva"/>

==Collected editions==

=== Omnibus ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Material collected
!Date published
!ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther: The Early Marvel Years Omnibus''
|''Fantastic Four'' (vol. 1) #52-53, 56, 119, ''Captain America'' (vol. 1) #100, ''Avengers'' (vol. 1) #52, 62, 73–74, 77–79, 87, 112, 126, ''Daredevil'' (vol. 1) #52, 69, ''Daredevil Annual'' (vol. 1) #4, ''Marvel Team-Up'' #20, ''Jungle Action'' #6-24, material from ''Fantastic Four'' (vol. 1) #54, ''Tales of Suspense'' #97-99, ''Astonishing Tales'' #6-7
|September 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302945084}}
|-
|''Black Panther By Christopher Priest Omnibus''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #1-33, ''Deadpool'' (vol. 2) #44, material from ''Marvel Double-Shot'' #2
|September 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302945015}}
|-
|''Black Panther By Ta-Nehisi Coates Omnibus''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #1-18, 166–172, ''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #1-22, material from #23-25
|August 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302945695}}
|-
|''Wakanda: World of Black Panther Omnibus''
|''Rise of the Black Panther'' #1-6, ''Black Panther: World of Wakanda'' #1-6, ''Black Panther & The Crew'' #1-6, ''Black Panther: Long Live the King'' #1-6, ''Black Panther Annual'' (vol. 7) #1, ''Amazing Spider-Man: Wakanda Forever'', ''X-Men: Wakanda Forever'', ''Avengers: Wakanda Forever'', ''Black Panther vs. Deadpool'' #1-5, ''Shuri'' #1-10, ''Kilmonger'' #1-5, ''Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda'' #1-8, ''King in Black: Black Panther, The Last Annihilation: Wakanda,'' material from ''Venomverse: War Stories'', ''Marvel Comics'' #1000, ''Marvel's Voices'' #1, ''Marvel's Voices: Legacy,'' ''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #23-25
|October 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302946272}}
|}

===''Marvel Masterworks''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 1''
|''Jungle Action'' #6–22, 24
|2010
|{{ISBNT|978-0785141990}}
|-
|''Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 2''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 1) #1–15, ''Marvel Premiere'' #51–53, material from ''Marvel Team-Up'' #100
|2016
|{{ISBNT|978-1302900205}}
|-
|''Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 3''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 2) #1-4, and material from ''Marvel Comics Presents'' #13-37
|April 2021
|{{ISBNT|978-1302928698}}
|}

===''Epic Collection''s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther Epic Collection Volume 1: Panther's Rage''
|''Fantastic Four'' (vol. 1) #52–53, ''Jungle Action'' #6–22, 24
|2016
|{{ISBNT|978-1302901905}}
|-
|''Black Panther Epic Collection Volume 2: Revenge of the Black Panther''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 1) #1-15, ''Marvel Premiere'' #51-53, ''Black Panther'' (vol. 2) #1-4, material from ''Marvel Team-Up'' #100
|2019
|{{ISBNT|978-1302915421}}
|-
|''Black Panther Epic Collection Volume 3: Panther's Prey''
|''Black Panther: Panther's Prey'' #1-4, material from ''Marvel Comics Presents'' #13-37, 148, ''Solo Avengers'' #19, ''Marvel Super Heroes'' (vol. 2) #1, ''Marvel Fanfare'' #60, ''Fantastic Four Unlimited'' #1
|2021
|{{ISBNT|978-1302921989}}
|}

===Volume 1===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther by Jack Kirby Volume 1''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 1) #1–7
|2005
|{{ISBNT|978-0785116875}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Jack Kirby Volume 2''
|''Black Panther''  (vol. 1) #8–13
|2006
|{{ISBNT|978-0785120698}}
|}

===Miniseries===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther: Panther's Quest''
|Material from ''Marvel Comics Presents'' #13-37
|2018
|{{ISBNT|978-1302908034}}
|}

===Volume 3===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther Vol. 1: The Client''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #1–5
|2001
|{{ISBNT|978-0785107897}}
|-
|''Black Panther Vol. 2: Enemy of the State''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #6–12
|2002
|{{ISBNT|978-0785108290}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 1''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #1–17 
|2015
|{{ISBNT|978-0785192671}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 2''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #18–35, ''Deadpool'' (vol. 3) #44
|2015
|{{ISBNT|978-0785198116}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 3''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #36–49, 57–58, ''Incredible Hulk'' (vol. 3) #33, ''Thor'' (vol. 1) #370, material from ''Marvel Double-Shot'' #2
|2016
|{{ISBNT|978-0785195085}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 4''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 3) #50–56, 59–62, ''The Crew'' #1–7
|2016
|{{ISBNT|978-1302900588}}
|}

===Volume 4===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther: Who is the Black Panther?''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #1–6
|2006
|{{ISBNT|978-0785120483}}
|-
|''House of M: World of M featuring Wolverine''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #7 and ''Wolverine'' (vol. 3) #33–35, ''Captain America'' (vol. 5) #10, ''The Pulse'' #10
|2006
|{{ISBNT|978-0785119227}}
|-
|''X-Men/Black Panther: Wild Kingdom''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #8–9, ''X-Men'' (vol. 2) #175–176
|2006
|{{ISBNT|978-0785117896}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Bad Mutha''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #10–13
|2006
|{{ISBNT|978-0785117506}}
|-
|''Black Panther: The Bride''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #14–18
|2006
|{{ISBNT|978-0785121077}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Civil War''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #19–25
|2007
|{{ISBNT|978-0785122357}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Four the Hard Way'' 
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #26–30
|2007
|{{ISBNT|978-0785126553}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Little Green Men''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #31–34
|2008
|{{ISBNT|978-0785126577}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Back to Africa''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #35–38, ''Annual'' #1
|2008
|{{ISBNT|978-0785124528}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Secret Invasion'' 
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #39–41
|2008
|{{ISBNT|978-0785133971}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 1''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #1–18, ''X-Men'' (vol. 2) #175–176
|2017
|{{ISBNT|978-1302907716}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 2''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #19–34, ''Annual'' #1
| 2018
|{{ISBNT|978-1302909475}}
|-
|''Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 3''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #35–41, ''Black Panther'' (vol. 5) #1–6, ''Black Panther/Captain America: Flags of Our Fathers'' #1–4, ''Black Panther Saga''
|2018
|{{ISBNT|978-1302910358}}
|-
! colspan="4" |Miscellaneous
|-
|''Captain America/Black Panther: Flags of our Fathers''
|''Captain America/Black Panther: Flags of our Fathers'' #1-4, ''Rise of The Black Panther'' #1
|July 2018
|{{ISBNT|978-1302914202}}
|-
|''Marvel Knights 2099''
|''Marvel Knights 2099: Black Panther'' #1 and ''Marvel Knights 2099: Daredevil'' #1, ''Marvel Knights 2099: Inhumans'' #1, ''Marvel Knights 2099: Punisher'' #1, ''Marvel Knights 2099: Mutant'' #1
|January 2005
|{{ISBNT|978-0785116134}}
|}

===Volume 5===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther: The Deadliest of the Species''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 5) #1–6
|2009
|{{ISBNT|978-0785133421}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Power''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 5) #7–12
|2010
|{{ISBNT|978-0785138617}} 
|-
! colspan="4" |Miscellaneous
|-
|''Doomwar''
|''Doomwar'' #1–6
|2011
|{{ISBNT|978-0785147152}}
|-
|''Klaws of the Panther''
|''Klaws of the Panther'' #1-4
|March 2011
|{{ISBNT|978-0785151180}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Doomwar''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 5) #7–12, ''Doomwar'' #1–6, ''Klaws of the Panther'' #1–4, material from ''Age of Heroes'' #4
|2017
|{{ISBNT|978-1302904166}}
|-
|''Black Panther: The Saga of Shuri & T'Challa''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 4) #2, ''Black Panther'' (vol. 5) #1-6, ''Klaws of the Panther'' #1-4, ''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #1 and #8-11, and ''Black Panther: Long Live the King'' #1-6
|August 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302946005}}
|}

===''The Man Without Fear''/''The Most Dangerous Man Alive''===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
|''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear - Urban Jungle''
|''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear'' #513–518, material from ''X-Men: Curse of the Mutants Spotlight''
|2011
|{{ISBNT|978-0785145233}}
|-
|''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear - Fear Itself''
|''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear'' #519–523, ''Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive'' #524
|2012
|{{ISBNT|978-0785152064}}
|-
|''Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive - The Kingpin of Wakanda''
|''Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive'' #523.1, 525–529
|2012
|{{ISBNT|978-0785160373}}
|-
|''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear – The Complete Collection''
|''Black Panther: The Man Without Fear'' #513–523, ''Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive'' #523.1, 524–529
|2018
|{{ISBNT|978-1302907723}}
|}

===Volume 6===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
!  class="unsortable" | ISBN
|-
! colspan="4" | Paperback
|-
|''A Nation Under Our Feet Book 1''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #1–4, ''Fantastic Four'' (vol. 1) #52
|{{dts|2016-9-13}}
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|978-1302900533}}}}
|-
|''A Nation Under Our Feet Book 2''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #5–8
|{{dts|2017-1-24}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302900540}}
|-
|''A Nation Under Our Feet Book 3''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #9–12
|{{dts|2017-4-25}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302901912}}
|-
|''Book 4: Avengers of the New World Part 1''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #13–18
|{{dts|2017-11-21}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302906498}}
|-
|''Book 5: Avengers of the New World Part 2''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #166–172
|{{dts|2018-6-12}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302909888}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Oversized hardcover
|-
|''Vol. 1: A Nation Under Our Feet''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #1–12
|{{dts|2017-8-15}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302904159}}
|-
|''Vol. 2: Avengers of the New World''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 6) #13–18, 166–172
|{{dts|2018-11-27}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302908959}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Miscellaneous
|-
|''World of Wakanda''
|''Black Panther: World of Wakanda'' #1–6
|{{dts|2017-6-27}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302906504}}
|-
|''Black Panther & the Crew: We Are the Streets''
|''Black Panther & the Crew'' #1–6
|{{dts|2017-10-31}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302908324}}
|-
|''Black Panther: Long Live the King''
|''Black Panther: Long Live the King'' #1-6
|June 5, 2018
|{{ISBNT|978-1302905385}}
|-
|''Rise of the Black Panther''
|''Rise of the Black Panther'' #1–6
|{{dts|2018-8-14}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302908843}}
|-
|''Wakanda Forever''
|''Amazing Spider-Man: Wakanda Forever''; ''X-Men: Wakanda Forever''; ''Avengers: Wakanda Forever''; ''Black Panther Annual'' (vol. 2) #1
|{{dts|2018-11-6}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302913588}}
|-
|''Black Panther vs. Deadpool''
|''Black Panther vs. Deadpool'' #1-5
|May 2, 2019
|{{ISBNT|978-1846539671}}
|-
|}

===Volume 7===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Title
! Material collected
! Date published
! ISBN
|-
! colspan="4" | Paperback
|-
|''Black Panther Book 6: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 1''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #1–6
|{{dts|2019-2-5}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302912932}}
|-
|''Black Panther Book 7: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 2''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #7–12
|{{dts|2019-8-6}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302912949}}
|-
|''Black Panther Book 8: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 3''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #13–18
|{{dts|2019-12-24}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302914462}}
|-
|''Black Panther Book 9: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 4''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #19–25
|{{dts|2020-8-25}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302921101}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Oversized hardcover
|-
|''Black Panther Vol. 3: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part One''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #1–12
|{{dts|2020-8-11}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302925314}}
|-
|''Black Panther Vol. 4: The Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part Two''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 7) #13–25
|{{dts|2022-4-12}}
|{{ISBNT|978-1302925420}}
|-
! colspan="4" |Miscellaneous
|-
|''King in Black: Avengers''
|''King in Black: Black Panther'' #1 and ''King in Black: Captain America'' #1, ''King in Black: Ghost Rider'' #1, ''King in Black: Immortal Hulk'' #1, ''King in Black: Iron Man/Doom'' #1, ''King in Black: Wiccan and Hulkling'' #1
|August 2021
|{{ISBNT|978-1302930349}}
|-
|''Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda Vol. 1: Eye of the Storm''
|''Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda'' #1-5
|March 2020
|{{ISBNT|978-1302920081}}
|-
|''Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda Vol. 2''
|''Black Panther and the Agents of Wakanda'' #6-10
|August 2020
|{{ISBNT|978-1302924478}}
|}

=== Volume 8 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Material collected
!Date published
!ISBN
|-
! colspan="4" |Paperback
|-
|''Black Panther by John Ridley Vol. 1: The Long Shadow''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 8) #1-5
|August 1, 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1846533525}}
|-
|''Black Panther by John Ridley Vol. 2: Range Wars''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 8) #6-10
|November 9, 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302928834}}
|-
|''Black Panther by John Ridley Vol. 3: All This and the World, Too''
|''Black Panther'' (vol. 8) #11-15
|June 13, 2023
|{{ISBNT|978-1302947651}}
|-
! colspan="4" |Miscellaneous
|-
|''Black Panther Legends''
|''Black Panther Legends'' #1-4, material from ''Shuri: A Black Panther Novel''
|October 4, 2022
|{{ISBNT|978-1302931414}}
|}

==See also==
* [[African characters in comics]]
* [[American comic book]]s

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=nb|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* Bukatman, Scott (2022). ''Black Panther''. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-2535-3.
* Burroughs, Todd Steven (2018). ''Marvel's Black Panther: A Comic Book Biography from Stan Lee to Ta-Nehisi Coates''. Diasporic Africa Press. ISBN 978-1-937306-64-9.
* ''Los Angeles Times'' Special Edition: Black Panther (2023).
* McGregor, Don, Rich Buckler, Billy Graham, Stan Lee, and Jack Kirby. ''Black Panther''. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0-14-313580-7.
* Priest, Christopher. ''Black Panther: The Complete Collection: Volume 1'', 2016.
* Wiacek, Stephen "Win" (2018). ''Black Panther: The Ultimate Guide''. [[DK (publisher)|DK]]. ISBN 978-1-4654-6626-6.

==External links==
* [https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/the-origin-of-black-panther-and-wakanda The Origin of Black Panther and Wakanda]
* {{isfdb series|56612}}

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