View source for Jim Lynch (conservationist)

{{Short description|New Zealand cartoonist and conservationist}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Jim Lynch
| honorific_suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=NZL|QSM|size=100%}}
| image              = Jim Lynch 2020 (cropped).jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Lynch in 2020
| birth_name         = James Robert Lynch
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1947|09|11|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Whangārei]], New Zealand
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = 
| occupation         = {{Hlist|Cartoonist|conservationist}}
| known_for          = Founder of [[Zealandia (wildlife sanctuary)|Zealandia]]
| spouse             = 
| children           = 
| relatives          = 
}}
'''James Robert Lynch''' {{post-nominals|country=NZL|QSM}} (born 11 September 1947) is a New Zealand cartoonist and conservationist. He formerly lived in Wellington and now lives in Waikanae on the Kapiti Coast

==Biography==
Lynch was born in 1947 in [[Whangārei]]. He grew up on a farm in [[Hūkerenui]].<ref>{{cite web |title=James Lynch QSM |url=https://jameslynch.org/jim |publisher=James Lynch |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>

== Cartooning ==
His first cartoons were published in the ''[[Taranaki Daily News]]'' in 1980 (appearing weekly until 1986) and he produced fortnightly cartoons for the ''[[Sunday Star-Times|New Zealand Times]]'' from 1981 to 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lynch, James Robert, 1947- |url=https://tiaki.natlib.govt.nz/#details=ethesaurus.182155 |access-date=27 May 2019 |website=tiaki.natlib.govt.nz}}</ref> He was the runner-up in the New Zealand Cartoonist of the Year category at the [[Qantas Media Awards|Qantas Press Awards]] in 1983.<ref name=":0" /> Lynch's cartoons appeared under the name 'James' because "I didn't want to go to my boss and ask if I could have secondary employment as a political cartoonist".<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/kapiti-news/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503789&objectid=11470438 |title=Jim Lynch – the man behind the James cartoons |last=Haxton |first=David |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=27 May 2019 |issn=1170-0777}}</ref>

== Conservation ==
Lynch is possibly best known as a conservationist an innovator in conservation planning, pest exclusion fencing and community conservation as the founder of eco-sanctuary  [[Zealandia (wildlife sanctuary)|Zealandia]] in [[Wellington]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prestwood |first=Sarah |date=14 October 2000 |title=Call of the wild |journal=Dominion |pages=20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.visitzealandia.com/About/History/A-World-First-Sanctuary |title=A World-First Sanctuary |website=www.visitzealandia.com |access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> He wrote a book ''Zealandia: the valley that changed a nation'' which told the story of the creation of Zealandia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-25 |title=The story of Zealandia is told by its founder |url=https://wellington.govt.nz/news-and-events/news-and-information/our-wellington/2019/09/zealandia-book |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Wellington City Council |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-24 |title=The story of Zealandia |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018714660/the-story-of-zealandia |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref> He was the President of the Wellington Branch of [[Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand|Forest and Bird]] from 1991 to 1993.<ref name=":0" />

Lynch’s innovations in pest exclusion fencing and as the architect of the Karori (Zealandia) eco-sanctuary model have had a significant national impact on conservation in the twenty first century, especially in the growth of fenced eco-sanctuaries and the community conservation movement 

== Natural Wellington ==
In 1991, Lynch was commissioned by the Wellington Branch of Forest and Bird to prepare a plan  to restore the biodiversity of Wellington City. The plan, called “''Natural Wellington''”, introduced the idea of urban conservation, identified 36 important conservation sites in the city, advocated for their preservation and protection and for the adoption of city-wide restoration planting and pest control. The theme of the plan was to “bring the birds back to Wellington City”. The plan was endorsed by the Wellington City Council (WCC) who instigated a land purchase and allocation programme and pest control in key sites.

''Natural Wellington'' led to the establishment of Zealandia and was the precursor to the transformation of Wellington into a ‘biophilic city’. The key goals in ''Natural Wellington,'' including to bring back the birds, have now been achieved (as confirmed by the WCC monitoring programme)

In 2023 Wellington City received a special citation in the Lee Kwan Yew World City Prize for its achievements in biodiversity restoration

In 1997, Lynch was awarded a WCC Wellington Civic Award for ''Natural Wellington'' and for participating in the Wellington City strategic plan ''Our city our future''

== ''Zealandia'' ==
''During the Natural Wellington survey, Lynch identified the 252 ha old Karori Reservoir as a key site due to its location, potential and size. In 1992, building on the concept of the “mainland island”, Lynch proposed to the WCC and Greater Wellington Regional Council, that the site be fenced to exclude all exotic mammalian pests and become a secure sanctuary for threatened  native wildlife, to be managed in perpetuity by a community trust. The proposal had several novel aspects, including pest exclusion fencing, ecosystem restoration, urban conservation, community ownership and involvement, public education and enjoyment, and financial sustainability. The idea was to bring the offshore island experience into the city. The sanctuary was also intended to act as a “nursery” to repopulate the surrounding city environs, an effect described by Lynch as the “nursery and halo” model.'' 

''Known initially as Karori Sanctuary, a feasibility study was undertaken in 1993, public consultation conducted in 1994, and the trust was formed in 1995. The 8.6 km pest exclusion fence was built in 1999 and within six months twelve pest mammal species were removed from the 225 ha enclosed area in a groundbreaking exercise. Rebranded as Zealandia in 2008, the sanctuary has been extraordinarily successful with the area remaining pest free since (apart from mice). Seventeen missing fauna species have been re-established in the managed area; including seven which had formerly existed only on offshore islands (little spotted kiwi, NI saddleback, hihi, red crowned kakariki, tuatara, Hamilton’s frog, Cook Strait giant weta). In 2018, after a twenty-year independent monitoring programme, the OSNZ confirmed that the birdlife in the sanctuary had increased beyond expectations and that the diversity and abundance of birdlife was tracking towards matching that of Kapiti Island. It has also been successful in attracting members, volunteers and visitors and now puts up to $30 million pa into the Wellington economy.''

''Zealandia has been credited with being the key element in the transformation of Wellington’s biodiversity and its status as a biophilic city.''

''Lynch chaired the Karori Sanctuary steering committee, managed the feasibility study for the project and was appointed Deputy Chairman of the trust when it was formed in 1995; a post he held for twelve years when he retired and became the Founder Vice-Patron of the trust. He authored its key founding documents including the trust deed, the Strategic Business Plan and the Restoration Plan.[2]'' 

''In 2000 he was awarded a second WCC “Absolutely Positively Wellington” (APW) Award for Zealandia.''

''In the [[2001 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|2001 Queen's Birthday Honours]], Lynch was awarded the [[Queen's Service Medal]] for community service and services to conservation.<ref name=":1" />''

''In 2019 he authored a book about the enterprise; Zealandia the valley that changed a nation.''

== Wainuiomata/Puketahā Sanctuary proposal ==
In 2020 Lynch proposed that the headwaters of the Wainuiomata River catchment constituting  3,313 ha of the [[Wainuiomata Water Collection Area]] be pest exclusion fenced and managed as a secure eco-sanctuary for threatened species and to act as nursery to repopulate the surrounding Remutaka range with indigenous fauna. The flagship species for reintroduction were proposed as kakapo, hihi and kiwi. The proposal has received support from the Department of Conservation, Wellington Regional Council and Taranaki Whānui as Iwi.
In 2022, Lynch was commissioned by [[Wellington Regional Council]] and the Department of Conservation to manage a feasibility study for the proposal . The study found that the project was "technically and practically feasible". The name given to the proposed sanctuary is [[Puketahā (wildlife sanctuary)|Puketahā]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vance |first=Andrea |date=28 March 2022 |title=Proposed eco-sanctuary could boost the population of up to 30 native species |work=Stuff |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/128117192/proposed-ecosanctuary-could-boost-the-population-of-up-to-30-native-species?rm=a |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331080532/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/128117192/proposed-ecosanctuary-could-boost-the-population-of-up-to-30-native-species?rm=a |url-status=live }}</ref>

== National Impact ==
Lynch’s major contribution to conservation has been the pest-exclusion fence. Pest exclusion fencing was not new in New Zealand at the time but was limited to single species and small scale. Lynch (see the1992 Karori Sanctuary proposal) conceived a fence designed to exclude all mammals (multi species) and to operate at a large scale (the Karori design is now employed at up to 3,000-ha). The Karori fence was built in August 1999 and was the first of its type. Landcare now identify over 30 projects using pest exclusion fencing based on the Karori model[1]. This fence design allowed the return to the mainland of at least nine species which were formerly restricted to offshore islands (kakapo, little spotted kiwi, NI and SI saddleback, hihi, tuatara,  Hamiltons frog, giant weta). It was also the key technology which enabled the community eco-sanctuary.
Lynch’s design of the Zealandia eco-sanctuary concept and its business model was widely copied across New Zealand in subsequent years. Zealandia inspired a national community sanctuary movement which now encompasses over 30 fenced sanctuaries and protects approximately 44,000 ha of high value mostly lowland ecosystems. The largest of the fenced sanctuaries is Maungatautari near Cambridge (3,200 ha) where the fence was built in 2006. Other projects took inspiration from these sanctuaries in a cascading effect. The community conservation sector has been arguably the largest growth segment in NZ conservation over the last 20 years.
In 2012 Sir Paul Callaghan, inspired by the Zealandia model, launched the idea of “Predator Free NZ” in a speech at Victoria University sponsored by Zealandia. 
== Honours and awards ==
In the [[2001 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|2001 Queen's Birthday Honours]], Lynch was awarded the [[Queen's Service Medal]] for community service.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.cartoons.org.nz/cartoonists/james-robert-lynch |title=James Robert Lynch {{!}} New Zealand Cartoon Archive |website=www.cartoons.org.nz |access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Queen's Birthday honours list 2001 |url=https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/queens-birthday-honours-list-2001 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (New Zealand)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]] |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>

== Publications ==

* {{Cite book |last=Lynch |first=Jim |title=Zealandia: the valley that changed a nation |date=2019 |publisher=Kotare Publications |isbn=978-0-473-49011-9 |location=Waikanae}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://digitalnz.org/records?text=lynch%2C+james+robert James Lynch on DigitalNZ]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lynch, Jim}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:New Zealand editorial cartoonists]]
[[Category:New Zealand conservationists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal]]


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