View source for Justice Society of America

{{short description|Superhero team}}
{{about|the superhero team|the comic book|Justice Society of America (comic book)}}
{{redirect|The Justice Society of America|the Legends of Tomorrow episode|The Justice Society of America (Legends of Tomorrow)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox comics organization
| image = Justice Society of America-vol3-1.jpg
| caption = Cover of ''Justice Society of America'' (vol. 3) #1 (February 2007).<br />Art by [[Alex Ross]].
| alt = The JSA seated around a table
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| debut = ''[[All Star Comics]]'' #3 (Winter 1940–1941)
| creators = {{ubl|[[Gardner Fox]] (writer)|[[Everett Edward Hibbard|E. E. Hibbard]] (artist)|[[Sheldon Mayer]] (editor)}}
| base =
| fullroster = [[List of Justice Society of America members]]
| cat = teams
| subcat = DC Comics
| hero = y
}}
The '''Justice Society of America''' ('''JSA''') is a <!--Do not add "fictional" as it is tautological; superheroes (and characters in general) are by definition implied to be fictionalized to some extent.-->[[superhero]] team appearing in [[American comic book]]s published by [[DC Comics]]. It was conceived by editor [[Sheldon Mayer]] and writer [[Gardner Fox]] during the [[Golden Age of Comic Books]]. It first appeared in ''[[All Star Comics]]'' #3 (Winter 1940–1941), making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. Its original members were [[Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson)|Doctor Fate]], [[Hourman (Rex Tyler)|Hourman]], the [[Jim Corrigan|Spectre]], [[Sandman (Wesley Dodds)|Sandman]], [[Atom (Al Pratt)|Atom]], the [[Flash (Jay Garrick)|Flash]], [[Alan Scott|Green Lantern]] and [[Hawkman (Carter Hall)|Hawkman]].

The team was initially popular, but after superhero comics waned in the late 1940s, the JSA's adventures ceased with issue #57 of the title (March 1951). During the [[Silver Age of Comic Books]], DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members and brought many of them together in a new team, the [[Justice League|Justice League of America]]. Other JSA members remained absent from comics for ten years until Jay Garrick appeared alongside [[Barry Allen]], his Silver Age counterpart, in ''[[The Flash (comic book)|The Flash]]'' #123 (September 1961). The Justice Society was established as existing on "[[Earth-Two]]" and the Justice League on "[[Earth-One]]", different versions of Earth in [[Parallel universes in fiction|different universes]]. This allowed for annual [[Multiverse (DC Comics)|cross-dimensional]] team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985. New series, such as ''[[All-Star Squadron]]'', ''[[Infinity, Inc.]],'' and a new ''All-Star Comics,'' featured the JSA, their children, and their heirs and explored the issues of aging, generational differences, and contrasts between the Golden Age and subsequent eras.

The 1985 ''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]'' [[Limited series (comics)|limited series]] merged all of the company's various alternate realities into one, placing the JSA as [[World War II]] era predecessors to the company's modern characters. A ''JSA'' series was published from 1999 to 2006, and a ''Justice Society of America'' series that ran from 2007 to 2011. As part of DC Comics' [[New 52|2011 relaunch]] of its entire line of monthly books, an unnamed version of the team appears in the ''Earth 2'' Vol 1 (2012-2015), ''Earth 2 World's End'' (2014-2015), and ''Earth 2: Society'' (2015-2017).

{{TOC limit|3}}

==Publication history==
{{see also|List of Justice Society titles}}

===''All Star Comics''===
[[File:Justice Society of America (Golden Age version).jpg|thumb|300px|The original Justice Society of America. This giclée homages artist [[Irwin Hasen]]'s cover art for ''All-Star Comics'' #36 (August 1946). Art by [[Alex Ross]]]]
The Justice Society of America first appeared in ''[[All Star Comics]]'' #3 (Winter 1940–1941)<ref>{{cite book|title= The Catalog of Copyright Entries 1940 Periodicals Jan–Dec New Series Vol 35 Pt 2|publisher= [[United States Copyright Office]]|date= 1940|location=Washington, D.C.|page= 373|url= https://archive.org/stream/catalogofcopyrig352lib#page/372/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.comics.org/issue/1205/|title= ''All Star Comics'' #3 (Winter 1940–1941)|publisher= Grand Comics Database}}</ref> written by [[Gardner Fox]] and edited by [[Sheldon Mayer]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallace|first= Daniel|editor-last = Dolan|editor-first = Hannah|chapter= 1940s|title = DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|date=2010|location= London, United Kingdom|isbn= 978-0-7566-6742-9 |page= 33 |quote = DC took the 'greatest hits' premise of the comic to its logical conclusion in ''All Star Comics'' #3 by teaming the Flash, the Atom, Doctor Fate, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and the Spectre under the banner of the Justice Society of America for an ongoing series.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-link= Paul Levitz|last=Levitz|first= Paul|chapter= The Golden Age 1938–1956|title= 75 Years of DC Comics The Art of Modern Mythmaking|publisher= [[Taschen]]|date=2010|location= Cologne, Germany|isbn= 9783836519816|page= 56|quote= Mayer and Fox cooked up one of the biggest ideas in superhero history: What if the varied stars of ''All-Star Comics'' actually met and worked together?}}</ref> during the [[Golden Age of Comic Books]]. The team initially included: [[Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson)|Doctor Fate]], [[Hourman|Hour-Man]] (as his name was then spelled), the [[Spectre (comics)|Spectre]], the [[Sandman (Wesley Dodds)|Sandman]], the [[Atom (Al Pratt)|Atom]], [[Flash (Jay Garrick)|Flash]], [[Alan Scott|Green Lantern]], and [[Hawkman (Carter Hall)|Hawkman]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.toonopedia.com/jsa.htm|title= The Justice Society of America|first= Don|last= Markstein|date= 2010|publisher= [[Don Markstein's Toonopedia]]}}</ref> Because some of these characters (the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman) were published by [[All-American Publications]] rather than DC Comics, ''All-Star Comics'' #3 is the first inter-company superhero title, as well as the first team-up title. Comics' historian [[Les Daniels]] noted that: "This was obviously a great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, and also the fun of watching fan favorites interact".<ref>{{cite book|last = Daniels|first = Les|author-link = Les Daniels|title = DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes|publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company|Bulfinch Press]]|date= 1995|location= New York, New York|page = 54|isbn = 0821220764}}</ref>

The JSA's adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by [[John Broome (writer)|John Broome]] and [[Robert Kanigher]]. The series was illustrated by a legion of artists including: [[Martin Nodell]], [[Joe Kubert]], [[Jack Kirby]], [[Harry Lampert]], [[Joe Simon]], [[Alex Toth]], [[Sheldon Moldoff]], [[Carmine Infantino]], [[Joe Giella]], [[Win Mortimer]], [[Bernard Baily]], [[Frank Giacoia]], [[H. G. Peter]], [[Jack Burnley]], [[Lee Elias]], [[Irwin Hasen]], [[Bob Oksner]], [[Paul Reinman]], [[Everett Edward Hibbard]], and [[Bernard Sachs (comics)|Bernard Sachs]].<ref name="CompanionVolOne">{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Roy|author-link= Roy Thomas|title=All-Star Companion ''Volume 1''|date=2000|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|publisher=[[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|isbn= 978-1893905054}}</ref>{{rp|21–34}}

The first JSA story featured the team's first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. In the next issue, the team worked together on a common case, but each story from there on still featured the members individually on a mission involving part of the case, and then banding together in the end to wrap things up. An in-house rule explicitly laid out on the last page of ''All Star Comics'' #5, reprinted on page 206 of ''All Star Comics Archives'' Vol. 1, required that whenever a member received his or her own title, that character would leave ''All Star Comics'', becoming an "honorary member" of the JSA. Thus, the Flash was replaced by [[Johnny Thunder]] after #6, and Green Lantern left shortly thereafter for the same reason. For this reason, [[Superman (Earth-Two)|Superman]] and [[Batman (Earth-Two)|Batman]] were established as already being "honorary" members prior to ''All Star Comics'' #3.  How these two heroes helped found the JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until ''DC Special'' #29 in 1977. Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of ''All Star Comics''.<ref name="CompanionVolOne"/>{{rp|178}}

''All Star Comics'' #8 (December 1941/January 1942) featured the first appearance of [[Wonder Woman (Earth-Two)|Wonder Woman]].<ref>Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 40: "Wonder Woman...took the lead in ''Sensation Comics'' following a sneak preview in ''All Star Comics'' #8."</ref> Unlike the other characters who had their own titles, she was allowed to appear in the series, but only as the JSA's secretary from #11 onward, and did not actively take part in most adventures until much later in the series. She was excluded from the title because of the same rules that had excluded the Flash, Green Lantern, Superman, and Batman from the title, though in #13 it was claimed she had become an active member.

[[File:AllStar3.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Cover to ''[[All Star Comics]]'' #3 (Winter 1940–1941), the first appearance of the JSA. Art by E. E. Hibbard.]]

A [[fan club]] for the team called the "Junior Justice Society of America" was introduced in ''All Star Comics'' #14 (Dec. 1942-Jan. 1943). The membership kit included a welcome letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book, and a membership certificate.<ref>{{cite book|last= Pasko|first= Martin|author-link= Martin Pasko|title= The DC Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the DC Universe|publisher= [[Running Press]]|date= 2008|location= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|isbn= 978-0762432578|page= 49}}</ref>

By ''All Star Comics'' #24 (Spring 1945), a real-world schism between National Comics and All-American Publications—a nominally independent company run by [[Max Gaines]] and [[Jack Liebowitz]]—had occurred, which resulted in the Detective Comics, Inc. (National Comics) heroes being removed from the title.  As a result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team. With issue #27 (Winter 1945), National Comics bought out Max Gaines' share of All-American and the two companies merged to form Detective Comics, Inc.<ref name="CompanionVolOne"/>{{rp|84–89}} The JSA roster remained mostly the same for the rest of the series.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Morrissey|first= Richard|title= The Justice Society of America|journal= [[Amazing Heroes]]|issue= 3|page= 36|publisher= [[Fantagraphics Books]]|date= August 1981}}</ref> Gardner Fox left the series with issue #34 (April–May 1947) with a story that introduced a new super-villain, the [[Wizard (DC Comics)|Wizard]].<ref>Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 55: "Gardner Fox penned his last story about the Justice Society of America in this issue. The writer...introduced an ill-tempered illusionist called the Wizard."</ref> The [[Injustice Society]] first battled the JSA in issue #37 in a tale written by Robert Kanigher.<ref>Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 56: "In Robert Kanigher's story...a cabal of villains united as the Injustice Society of the World and took revenge on the JSA's assembled do-gooders."</ref> The team's second female member [[Black Canary (Dinah Drake)|Black Canary]] first helped the group in ''All Star Comics'' #38 and became a full member in #41.<ref>Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 57: "Black Canary made her first appearance outside of ''Flash Comics'' in a feature by writer Robert Kanigher and artist Alex Toth...By the story's end, Black Canary was considered for JSA membership but wouldn't officially join until ''All Star Comics'' #41."</ref>

''All Star Comics'' and the JSA's Golden Age adventures ended with issue #57, the title becoming ''[[All-Star Western]]'', with no superheroes.<ref>[[Alexander C. Irvine|Irvine, Alex]] "1950s" in Dolan, p. 66: "As superhero comics continued to decline in popularity, many of them mutated into Western, crime, and horror titles. The superhero omnibus ''All Star Comics'' was one such series, becoming ''All-Star Western'' as of issue #58."</ref> A good amount of artwork has survived from an [[List of comics solicited but never published|unpublished]] ''All Star Comics'' story titled "The Will of William Wilson" and has been reprinted in various publications from [[TwoMorrows Publishing]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=93877|title= From ''All-Star Companion'' v. 2 – Where There's a 'Will' — There's 'William Wilson'!|first= Roy|last= Thomas|date= December 11, 2006|work= [[Newsarama]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081206023906/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?t=93877|archive-date=December 6, 2008 |url-status=dead |access-date= March 17, 2012}}</ref>

The explanation for the team's disappearance, and the inactivity of most of its roster after the early 1950s, was first given in ''[[Adventure Comics]]'' #466 ("The Defeat of the Justice Society!", December 1979) by writer [[Paul Levitz]], which explained that most of the Society chose to disband and retire rather than appear in front of the Joint Un-American Activities Committee, which demanded that they unmask themselves.<ref name="IFanboy">{{cite web|url= http://ifanboy.com/articles/dc-histories-justice-society-of-america/|title= DC Histories: Justice Society of America|first= Jeff|last= Reid|date= May 2, 2012|publisher= IFanboy|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150202022900/http://ifanboy.com/articles/dc-histories-justice-society-of-america/|archive-date= February 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The chairmanship of the Justice Society mostly resided with Hawkman, although initially the Flash, and later Green Lantern, took turns leading the team. For a brief period in 1942, they were known as the Justice Battalion, as they became an extension of the armed forces of the United States of America during World War II.<ref>{{cite book|last= Booker|first= M. Keith|title= Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels|publisher= [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|date= 2010|location= Santa Barbara, California|page= 19|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YbkJ0QJrEZ8C&q=Justice+Society+Justice+battalion&pg=PA19|isbn= 978-0313357466}}</ref> It was later explained that the reason the JSA did not invade Europe and end the war was because of the influence of the [[Spear of Destiny]], which caused the JSA's most powerful members to fall under the control of its wielder, [[Adolf Hitler]]. In the 1980s, it was established that the JSA had a loose affiliation with the [[All-Star Squadron]]. The All-Star Squadron's adventures were set in the 1940s, and were considered to have happened concurrently with the Justice Society's in a "[[Retroactive continuity|retcon]]".<ref name="MarksteinAllStar">{{cite web |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/alstarsq.htm |title=All-Star Squadron |first=Don |last=Markstein |date=2010 |publisher=Don Markstein's Toonopedia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240525202035/https://www.webcitation.org/66frUkio6?url=http://www.toonopedia.com/alstarsq.htm |archive-date=May 25, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The headquarters for the JSA was a hotel suite in New York City initially and, after the war, the team settled on a [[brownstone]] building in [[Gotham City]], and later in [[Civic City]].<ref name="CompanionVolOne"/>{{rp|157}} The JSA was provided with an orbital satellite headquarters, much like their later counterparts, the JLA, but it was immediately abandoned when it was revealed to be a death trap built in an attempt to kill off the team.<ref>''Adventure Comics'' #466 (Nov 1979)</ref> The Gotham City brownstone remained unoccupied until years later when the team was active again. The headquarters used in the 2000s was a brownstone in [[Morningside Heights]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jimenez| first=Phil|author-link=Phil Jimenez|contribution=JSA Headquarters|editor-last=Dougall|editor-first=Alastair|title=The DC Comics Encyclopedia|page=132|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|date=2004|location= London, United Kingdom|isbn=0-7566-4119-5|oclc=213309017}}</ref>

===The Silver Age===
Having successfully introduced new versions of several characters (the Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, DC tapped industry veteran, and former Justice Society writer, [[Gardner Fox]] to create a new version of the Justice Society. Editor [[Julius Schwartz]], influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change the name of the team from Justice ''Society'' to Justice ''League''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Eury|first=Michael|author-link1= Michael Eury|title=The Justice League Companion|date=2005|publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|isbn=1-893905-48-9|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QxJPl_R0FtwC&q=Justice+League+of+America+Companion+original+team%27s+name&pg=PA1938}}</ref>

In ''[[The Flash (comic book)|The Flash]]'' #123 (September 1961) "The Flash of Two Worlds", the Silver Age Flash meets his Golden Age counterpart, Jay Garrick who, along with the rest of the original Justice Society, is said to inhabit an alternative universe. This historic meeting thus became one of the classic DC comics of the Silver Age.<ref>McAvennie, Michael "1960s" in Dolan, p. 103: "This classic Silver Age story resurrected the Golden Age Flash and provided a foundation for the Multiverse from which he and the Silver Age Flash would hail."</ref> [[Comic book letter column|Fan letters]] on the pages of following issues were wildly enthusiastic about the revival of the original Flash, both from older fans who remembered the old JSA tales, and younger fans eager to learn more about these new heroes. Further meetings occurred in ''The Flash'' #129 "Double Danger on Earth" (June 1962), and ''The Flash'' #137 "Vengeance of the Immortal Villain" (June 1963). ''The Flash'' #129 contains the first mention of the JSA in the Silver Age, and refers directly to their last adventure in ''All-Star Comics'' #57, while in ''The Flash'' #137 the JSA re-form.<ref>Morrissey p. 37</ref>

[[File:JusticeLeagueofAmerica21.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The JSA meets the JLA. Cover of ''Justice League of America'' #21 (August 1963). Art by [[Mike Sekowsky]] and [[Murphy Anderson]].]]

These stories set the stage for "Crisis on Earth-One" (''Justice League of America'' #21, August 1963)<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Gardner Fox|Fox, Gardner]]| penciller= [[Mike Sekowsky|Sekowsky, Mike]]| inker= [[Bernard Sachs (comics)|Sachs, Bernard]]| story= Crisis on Earth-One!| title= [[Justice League]] of America| issue= 21| date= August 1963}}</ref> and "Crisis on Earth-Two" (''Justice League of America'' #22, September 1963),<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Fox, Gardner| penciller= Sekowsky, Mike| inker= Sachs, Bernard| story= Crisis on Earth-Two!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 22| date= September 1963}}</ref> a two-part tale where the Golden Age Justice Society teams up with the Silver Age Justice League to combat a team of villains from both worlds.<ref>McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 109: "The two-part 'Crisis on Earth-One!' and 'Crisis on Earth-Two!' saga represented the first use of the term 'Crisis' in crossovers, as well as the designations 'Earth-1' and 'Earth-2'. In it editor Julius Schwartz, [writer Gardner] Fox, and artist Mike Sekowsky devised a menace worthy of the World's Greatest Heroes."</ref> The following year, the two teams of heroes worked together to stop an evil version of the Justice League from another alternative Earth (''Justice League of America'' #29, "Crisis on Earth-Three", August 1964).<ref>McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 112: "Writer Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky crafted a tale in which the Crime Syndicate...ambushed the JLA on Earth-1."</ref> These stories became the first in a long series of team-ups of the two supergroups, an annual summer tradition which continued until 1985.

As well as the annual Justice League of America appearances, members of the JSA guest-starred in other titles over the next several years: the Golden Age Atom in ''The [[Atom (Ray Palmer)|Atom]]'' #29 and #36, and the Golden Age Green Lantern in several issues of ''Green Lantern''. In addition, a number of the characters appeared in team-up stories in issues of the DC titles ''[[The Brave and the Bold]]'' and ''[[Showcase (comics)|Showcase]]'', while the Spectre was given a solo run in the latter which led to his own series.<ref>Morrissey pp. 37–38</ref>

Some JSA members during this period, residing on "Earth-Two", were portrayed as middle-aged versions of their younger, contemporary "Earth-One" counterparts; the "Earth-Two" characters' portrayal as older than their counterparts eased incorporation of the existing fictional history of the Justice Society of America into newly written stories about the "Earth-Two" characters. Later, this fictional age gap was to become a major theme for character development, with the fictional histories of different versions of the same characters deviating significantly from each other in ways impacted by their differences in age, including even the deaths of popular characters such as [[Batman]] in one setting while different, contemporary versions of the characters lived on as inhabitants of a different fictional "Earth".<ref name="ConvergenceConfidential">{{cite web | url = https://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/04/28/convergence-confidential-detective-comics| title = Convergence Confidential: Detective Comics| last = DC Editorial | date = 28 April 2015| website = DC Comics| access-date = 13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924050222/https://www.dc.com/blog/2015/04/28/convergence-confidential-detective-comics |archive-date=24 September 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AdventureComics462">{{cite comic| Story = Only Legends Live Forever!| Title = Adventure Comics| Volume = 1| Issue = 462| Date = (Mar 1979)| Publisher = DC Comics}}</ref>

===The Bronze Age===
[[File:AllStar69.jpg|thumb|200px|A JSA civil war. Cover of ''[[All Star Comics]]'' #69 (Nov.–Dec. 1977). Art by [[Al Milgrom]] and [[Jack Abel]].]]
The JSA's popularity grew until they regained their own title. ''[[All Star Comics]]'' #58 (January/February 1976) saw the group return as mentors to a younger set of heroes briefly called the "Super Squad" until they were integrated into the JSA proper. This run lasted until #74, with a brief run thereafter in ''[[Adventure Comics]]'' #461–466,<ref>{{Citation|last = Wells|first = John|title = 'Lost' DC: The DC Implosion|newspaper = [[Comics Buyer's Guide]]|issue = 1249|pages = 131–132|date = October 24, 1997|location= Iola, Wisconsin|quote= The contents of ''All-Star Comics'' #75 were split into a two-part Justice Society story published in ''Adventure Comics'' #461–462.}}</ref> but it had three significant developments: it introduced [[Power Girl]] in ''All Star Comics'' #58,<ref>McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 169: "Along with artist Ric Estrada, [Gerry] Conway also introduced the DC Universe to the cousin of Earth-2's Superman, Kara Zor-L a.k.a. Power Girl."</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Gerry Conway|Conway, Gerry]]|penciller= [[Ric Estrada|Estrada, Ric]]|inker= [[Wally Wood|Wood, Wally]]|story= The Super Squad!|title= [[All Star Comics]]|issue= 58|date= February 1976}}</ref> chronicled the death of the [[Batman (Earth-Two)|Golden Age Batman]] in ''Adventure Comics'' #461–462, and, after nearly 40 years, it finally provided the JSA with an origin story in ''[[DC Special]]'' #29.<ref>McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 175: "The genesis of comics' first superhero team...had been a mystery since the JSA's debut...Writer Paul Levitz and artist Joe Staton decided to present the definitive origin story."</ref> The [[Huntress (Helena Wayne)|Huntress]] was introduced in ''DC Super Stars'' #17 (Nov.–Dec. 1977) which told her origin,<ref>McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 175: "While writer Paul Levitz and artist Joe Staton introduced the Huntress to the JSA in this month's ''All Star Comics'' #69, they concurrently shaped her origin in ''DC Super-Stars''."</ref> and ''All Star Comics'' #69 (Nov.–Dec. 1977), which was published the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comics.org/issue/31602/ |title=''DC Super Stars'' #17 |publisher=Grand Comic Database | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918175342/http://www.comics.org/issue/31602/ | archive-date=18 September 2016}}</ref> The 1970s run of ''All Star Comics'' was written by [[Gerry Conway]] and [[Paul Levitz]], and artists included [[Ric Estrada]], [[Wally Wood]], [[Keith Giffen]], [[Joe Staton]], and [[Bob Layton]].

The series was noteworthy for depicting the heroes as having aged into their 50s.<ref>Morrissey p. 45 "[Paul] Levitz had announced his intention to have the JSA members age naturally."</ref> The artwork gave them graying hair and lined faces. It was highly unusual, then or now, for a comic book to have heroes this old. Most comic books obscure the timelines or periodically relaunch the series to keep the characters youthful. This depiction was a consequence of the fact that the heroes were closely linked to the era of World War II.<ref>{{cite book|chapter= Babes and Crones: Women Growing Old in Comics|title= Aging Heroes: Growing Old in Popular Culture|publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield]]|date= 2015|location= Lanham, Maryland|pages= 122–123|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OtNbCQAAQBAJ&q=Justice+Society+aging+characters&pg=PA122|isbn= 978-1442250062}}</ref> This became problematic in the 1980s when the heroes would logically be well into their 60s. The explanation given for this by writer [[Roy Thomas]] in ''[[All-Star Squadron]] Annual'' #3 is that the team, and several friends, have absorbed energy from the magical villain [[Ian Karkull]] during an adventure in the 1940s that stunts their aging process.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Thomas, Roy; [[Dann Thomas|Thomas, Dann]]|penciller= [[Jerry Ordway|Ordway, Jerry]]; [[Rick Hoberg|Hoberg, Rick]]; [[Rich Buckler|Buckler, Rich]]; [[Wayne Boring|Boring, Wayne]]; [[Richard Howell (comics)|Howell, Richard]]; [[Carmine Infantino|Infantino, Carmine]]; [[Don Newton|Newton, Don]]; [[Martin Nodell|Nodell, Martin]]; [[George Pérez|Pérez, George]]; [[Keith Giffen|Giffen, Keith]]|inker= Ordway, Jerry; Howell, Richard; [[Frank Giacoia|Giacoia, Frank]]; Machlan, Mike; [[Joe Giella|Giella, Joe]]; Giffen, Keith; Collins, Bill|story= Midnight in Manhattan-- Late February 1942|title= All-Star Squadron Annual|issue= 3|date= 1984}}</ref>

Meanwhile, the JSA continued their annual team-ups with the Justice League. Notable events include meeting the [[Fawcett Comics]] heroes, including [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[E. Nelson Bridwell|Bridwell, E. Nelson]]; Pasko, Martin| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= [[Frank McLaughlin (artist)|McLaughlin, Frank]]| story= Crisis in Eternity!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 135| date= October 1976}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Bridwell, E. Nelson; Pasko, Martin| penciller= Dillin, Dick|inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= Crisis on Earth-S!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 136| date= November 1976}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Bridwell, E. Nelson; Pasko, Martin| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= Crisis in Tomorrow!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 137| date= December 1976}}</ref> the death of [[Mister Terrific (Terry Sloane)|Mr. Terrific]],<ref>McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 182: "Writer Gerry Conway and artist Dick Dillin crafted a tale of foul play aboard the JLA satellite, during the team's annual get-together with Earth-2's JSA. Mr. Terrific...was murdered before he could expose a turncoat among the heroes."</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= The Murderer Among Us: Crisis Above Earth-One!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 171| date= October 1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= I Accuse...| title= Justice League of America| issue= 172| date= November 1979}}</ref> and the origin of the Black Canary.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy; Conway, Gerry| penciller= [[Chuck Patton|Patton, Chuck]]| inker= [[Romeo Tanghal|Tanghal, Romeo]]| story= Crisis in the Thunderbolt Dimension!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 219| date= October 1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy| penciller= Patton, Chuck| inker= Tanghal, Romeo; [[Pablo Marcos|Marcos, Pablo]]| story= The Doppelganger Gambit| title= Justice League of America| issue= 220| date= November 1983}}</ref>

The JLA/JSA crossovers often involved a third team as well such as the [[Legion of Super-Heroes]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Levitz, Paul; Pasko, Martin| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= Crisis in the 30th Century!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 147| date= October 1977}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Levitz, Paul; Pasko, Martin| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= Crisis in Triplicate!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 148| date= November 1977}}</ref> the [[New Gods]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Dillin, Dick| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= Crisis on New Genesis or "Where Have All the New Gods Gone?"| title= Justice League of America| issue= 183| date= October 1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Pérez, George| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story="Crisis Between Two Earths" or Apokolips Now!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 184| date= November 1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Pérez, George| inker= McLaughlin, Frank| story= Crisis on Apokolips or Darkseid Rising!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 185| date= December 1980}}</ref> the [[Secret Society of Super Villains]],<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Pérez, George| inker= [[John Beatty (illustrator)|Beatty, John]]| story= Targets on Two Worlds| title= Justice League of America| issue= 195| date= October 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Pérez, George| inker= Tanghal, Romeo| story= Countdown to Crisis!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 196| date= November 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= [[Keith Pollard|Pollard, Keith]]; Pérez, George| inker= Tanghal, Romeo| story= Crisis in Limbo!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 197| date= December 1981}}</ref> and the [[All-Star Squadron]].<ref>Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 198: "The Justice League of America teamed up with the Justice Society of America on a large-scale with 'Crisis on Earth-Prime', a five-part saga that crossed from the pages of ''Justice League of America'' into ''All-Star Squadron''."</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= [[Don Heck|Heck, Don]]| inker= Tanghal, Romeo| story= Crisis Times Three!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 207| date= October 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy| penciller= [[Adrian Gonzales|Gonzales, Adrian]]| inker= Ordway, Jerry| story= The "Mystery Men" of October!| title= [[All-Star Squadron]]| issue= 14| date= October 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Heck, Don| inker= [[Sal Trapani|Trapani, Sal]]| story= The Bomb-Blast Heard 'Round the World!| title= Justice League of America| issue= 208| date= November 1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy| penciller= Gonzales, Adrian| inker= Ordway, Jerry| story= Master of Worlds and Time!| title= All-Star Squadron| issue= 15| date= November 1982 }}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= Heck, Don| inker= Heck, Don| story= Let Old Acquaintances Be Forgot...| title= Justice League of America| issue= 209| date= December 1982}}</ref>

''All-Star Squadron'' was a series taking place in the JSA's original setting of the [[World War II|wartime]] 1940s. This led to a spinoff, modern day series entitled ''[[Infinity, Inc.]]'' which starred the children and heirs of the JSA members.<ref>Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 203: The children of the original Justice Society of America made their smash debut in this issue by writer [[Roy Thomas]] and penciler [[Jerry Ordway]]...''All-Star Squadron'' #25 marked the first appearances of future cult-favorite heroes Jade, Obsidian, Fury,<!--Hippolyta "Lyta" Trevor made her first appearance in ''Wonder Woman'' #300 (Feb. 1983), ''All-Star Squadron'' #25 was her first appearance using the name "Fury"--> Brainwave Jr., the Silver Scarab, Northwind, and Nuklon."</ref> Both series were written by noted JSA fan [[Roy Thomas]] and featured art by [[Rich Buckler]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/buckler_rich.htm |title=Rich Buckler |date=December 6, 2015 |publisher=[[Lambiek|Lambiek Comiclopedia]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224110806/https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/buckler_rich.htm |archive-date=December 24, 2015 |url-status=live |quote=Buckler launched ''All-Star Squadron'' with Roy Thomas in 1981. }}</ref> [[Jerry Ordway]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lambiek.net/artists/o/ordway_jerry.htm|title= Jerry Ordway|date= August 27, 2010|publisher= Lambiek Comiclopedia|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150927121400/https://www.lambiek.net/artists/o/ordway_jerry.htm|archive-date= September 27, 2015|url-status=live|quote= His art credits include...''All-Star Squadron''.}}</ref> [[Todd McFarlane]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mcfarlane_todd.htm|title= Todd McFarlane|date= February 27, 2009|publisher= Lambiek Comiclopedia|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151003183047/https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mcfarlane_todd.htm|archive-date= October 3, 2015|url-status=live|quote=  He then worked for DC for a while, pencilling titles like ''All-Star Squadron'' and ''Infinity, Inc.'' until 1987.}}</ref> and others.

In 1985, DC [[Retroactive continuity|retconned]] many details of the [[DC Universe]] in ''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wolfman|first1=Marv|author-link1= Marv Wolfman|last2= Pérez|first2= George|author-link2= George Pérez|title=[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]|date=1998|location= New York, NY|publisher=DC Comics|isbn=1-56389-434-3}}</ref> Among the changes, the [[Superman (Earth-Two)|Golden Age Superman]], [[Batman (Earth-Two)|Batman]], [[Dick Grayson (Earth-Two)|Robin]], and [[Wonder Woman (Earth-Two)|Wonder Woman]] ceased to exist, and the Earth-One/Earth-Two dichotomy was resolved by merging the Multiverse into a single universe. This posed a variety of problems for the JSA, whose history—especially in the 1980s comics—was strongly tied up in these four characters.

The JLA–JSA team-ups ended with the last pre-Crisis teamup occurring in ''Justice League of America'' #244 and ''Infinity Inc.'' #19 during the ''Crisis''.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy; Thomas, Dann| penciller= [[Todd McFarlane|McFarlane, Todd]]| inker= [[Steve Montano (comics)|Montano, Steve]]| story= Last Crisis on Earth-Two| title= [[Infinity, Inc.]]| issue= 19| date= October 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic| writer= Conway, Gerry| penciller= [[Joe Staton|Staton, Joe]]| inker= [[Mike Machlan|Machlan, Mike]]| story= The Final Crisis| title= Justice League of America| issue= 244| date= November 1985}}</ref>

===After ''Crisis on Infinite Earths''===
One of Roy Thomas's efforts to resolve the ''Crisis''-created inconsistencies was to introduce some analogues to Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman, in a sequel to ''All-Star Squadron'' titled ''[[Young All-Stars]]''.

In 1986, DC decided to write off the JSA from active [[Continuity (fiction)|continuity]]. ''[[Last Days of the Justice Society of America|The Last Days of the Justice Society]]'' [[One-shot (comics)|one-shot]] involved most of the team battling the forces of evil while merged with the [[Norse gods]] in an ever-repeating [[Ragnarök]]-like [[Limbo (DC Comics)|Limbo]], written by Thomas, with art by [[David Ross (comics)|David Ross]] and Mike Gustovich.<ref>Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 221: "The world's first super-team saw its adventures come to a temporary end thanks to its biggest fan. Writer/editor Roy Thomas acknowledged that, after...the ''Crisis'' maxiseries, the JSA seemed no longer relevant."</ref> Only Power Girl, the [[Sylvester Pemberton|Star-Spangled Kid]], the Spectre, and Doctor Fate escaped the cataclysm. A later comic book series, ''[[The Sandman (Vertigo)|The Sandman]]'', portrays this scenario as a simulation, created by [[Odin]] in his search for a way to thwart the real Ragnarök.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= [[Neil Gaiman|Gaiman, Neil]]|penciller= [[Kelley Jones|Jones, Kelley]]|inker= [[George Pratt (artist)|Pratt, George]]|story= Season of Mists Chapter 5|title= [[The Sandman (Vertigo)|The Sandman]]|volume= 2|issue= 26|date= May 1991}}</ref> Roy Thomas revised the JSA's origin for post-''Crisis'' continuity in ''[[Secret Origins]]'' vol. 2 #31.<ref>{{cite comic| writer= Thomas, Roy|penciller= [[Michael Bair|Bair, Michael]]|inker= Downs, Bob|story= The Secret Origin of the Justice Society of America|title= [[Secret Origins]]|volume= 2|issue= 31|date= October 1988}}</ref>

====''Justice Society of America'' (vols. 1 and 2) (1991–1993)====
{{Infobox comic book title
| 2ndary_box = y
| title = Justice Society of America (vols. 1 and 2)
| image = 
| imagesize = frameless{{!}}upright=0.90
| caption = Cover to ''Justice Society of America'' vol. 2 #1. Art by Mike Parobeck.
| schedule = Monthly
| format = '''Vol. 1''' limited series<br />'''Vol. 2''' – ongoing series
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| date = '''(Vol. 1)'''<br />April 1991 – November 1991<br />'''(Vol. 2)'''<br />August 1992 – May 1993 | issues = '''Vol. 1''' 8<br />'''Vol. 2''' 10
| main_char_team =
| writers = [[Len Strazewski]]
| artists =
| pencillers = {{Collapsible list|'''(Vol. 1)''' [[Tom Artis]], [[Rick Burchett]], [[Grant Miehm]], [[Mike Parobeck]] <br />'''(Vol. 2)''' Mike Parobeck}}
| inkers = {{Collapsible list|'''(Vol. 1)''' Rick Burchett, [[Frank McLaughlin (artist)|Frank McLaughlin]], Grant Miehm <br />'''(Vol. 2)''' Jeff Albrecht, Matt Banning, Carlos Garzon, Mike Machlan}}
| colorists =
| creative_team_month =
| creative_team_year =
| creators =
}}
Fan interest resulted in the revival of the JSA in 1991. An eight-issue ''Justice Society of America'' limited series featuring a previously untold story set in the 1950s was published in 1991. In the final issues of the four-issue ''[[Armageddon 2001|Armageddon: Inferno]]'' limited series, the JSA returns to the modern-day DC Universe when [[Waverider (comics)|Waverider]] transported the "daemen" of the interdimensional Abraxis to [[Asgard (comics)|Asgard]] as a substitute for the JSA in the Ragnarök cycle, allowing the team to return to Earth.

In 1992, the JSA was given an ongoing monthly series titled ''Justice Society of America'', written by [[Len Strazewski]] with art by [[Mike Parobeck]], featuring the original team adjusting to life after returning from Ragnarök. Though ''Justice Society of America'' was intended as an ongoing series, and was popular with readers, the decision was made to cancel the book after the third issue's release. Twelve issues of the new series were ultimately commissioned, though publication itself ended with issue #10. Portions of the remaining two issues originally intended for #11–12, which were part of a planned crossover with ''Justice League Europe'', were published in ''[[Justice League Europe]]'' #49–50.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= [[Gerard Jones|Jones, Gerard]]|penciller= [[Ron Randall|Randall, Ron]]; [[Mike Parobeck|Parobeck, Mike]]|inker= [[Randy Elliott (comics)|Elliott, Randy]]|story= Red Winter 5 Hard Ground|title= [[Justice League Europe]]|issue= 49|date= April 1993}}</ref><ref>{{cite comic|writer= Jones, Gerard|penciller= Randall, Ron|inker= Elliott, Randy|story= Red Winter 6 The Ice Breaks|title= Justice League Europe|issue= 50|date= May 1993}}</ref>

Strazewski, in an interview explaining the cancellation of this series, said, "It was a capricious decision made personally by [[Mike Carlin]] because he didn't like Mike's artwork or my writing and believed that senior citizen super-heroes was not what DC should be publishing. He made his opinion clear to me several times after the cancellation."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.savageland.com/articles/inconvo/iclstrazewski.html|title= In Conversation|first= Mike|last= Aragona|date= June 1998|publisher= Savage Enterprises Publishing|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130818102321/http://www.savageland.com/articles/inconvo/iclstrazewski.html|archive-date= August 18, 2013|url-status=live|access-date= October 12, 2008}}</ref>

''Justice Society of America'' included the first appearance of [[Jesse Chambers|Jesse Quick]], the daughter of All-Star Squadron members [[Liberty Belle (comics)|Liberty Belle]] and [[Johnny Quick (Johnny Chambers)|Johnny Quick]], who would go on to be a major figure in ''Flash'', ''Teen Titans'', and later ''Justice Society'' comics.

Not long after, most of the team was incapacitated or killed in the 1994 crossover series ''[[Zero Hour: Crisis in Time]]''. During the battle between the Justice Society and the villain [[Hank Hall#Zero Hour: Extant|Extant]], the latter removes the chronal energies keeping the Justice Society young. The [[Atom (Al Pratt)|Atom]], [[Charles McNider|Doctor Mid-Nite]], and Hourman die immediately.<ref>[[Robert Greenberger|Greenberger, Robert]] "Extant" in Dougall, p. 117</ref> Hawkman and [[Shiera Sanders Hall|Hawkgirl]], who were separated from the rest of the Justice Society after being pulled into the [[timestream]], merge into a new [[Hawkman (Katar Hol)|Hawkgod being]], resulting in their deaths. Doctor Fate dies of the resulting aging shortly after ''Zero Hour''. Green Lantern is kept young because of the mystical effects of the [[Power ring (DC Comics)|Starheart]], but loses his ring and subsequently changes his name to Sentinel.

The rest of the team is now too physically old to continue fighting crime and retires. [[Starman (Ted Knight)|Starman]] retires and passes on the Starman legacies to his sons, resulting in the creation of one of the new series following ''Zero Hour'', [[James Robinson (writer)|James Robinson]]'s ''[[Starman (Jack Knight)|Starman]]''.

====''JSA'' (1999–2006)<!--'JSA (comic book)' redirects here-->====
{{Infobox comic book title
| 2ndary_box = y
| title = JSA
| image = 
| imagesize = frameless{{!}}upright=0.90
| caption = Cover to ''JSA'' #1 (August 1999). Art by [[Alan Davis]] and [[Mark Farmer]].
| schedule =
| format =
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| date = August 1999 – September 2006
| issues = 87
| main_char_team =
| writers = [[James Robinson (writer)|James Robinson]], [[David S. Goyer]], [[Geoff Johns]], [[Paul Levitz]]
| artists = Various
| pencillers =
| inkers =
| colorists =
| creative_team_month =
| creative_team_year =
| creators =
}}
The JSA remained inactive for some time after the events of "[[Zero Hour: Crisis in Time|Zero Hour]]", but the surviving members of the Flash, [[Wildcat (Ted Grant)|Wildcat]], and Alan Scott (now going by the name Sentinel) have remained active throughout the DC Universe, having been placed as reserve JLI members, as evidenced in ''Justice League Europe'' #50.

The Justice Society was revived as a monthly series called '''''JSA'''''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA--> in 1999 which mixed the few remaining original members with younger counterparts. This incarnation of the team focused on the theme of generational legacy and of carrying on the heroic example established by their predecessors. The series was launched by [[James Robinson (writer)|James Robinson]]<ref>Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 287: "With a successful ''Starman'' revamp and acclaimed Elseworlds limited series ''The Golden Age'' already under his belt, Robinson had set the stage for his newest opus – the return of the Justice Society of America."</ref> and [[David S. Goyer]]. Goyer later co-wrote the series with [[Geoff Johns]],<ref>Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 288: "James Robinson left the title in the capable hands of [David] Goyer's new writing partner, Geoff Johns."</ref> who continued to write the series solo after Goyer's departure. The series featured the art of [[Stephen Sadowski]], [[Leonard Kirk]], and [[Don Kramer]], among others. It featured a story by [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Pulitzer Prize]] winner [[Michael Chabon]].

During the events of ''[[Infinite Crisis]]'', some of the surviving Golden Age characters, such as Wildcat and the Flash, are transported to the new "Earth-Two," as created by [[Alexander Luthor Jr.]], and seem to recall the existence of the original one, albeit vaguely.<ref>{{cite comic|writer= [[Geoff Johns|Johns, Geoff]]|penciller= [[Phil Jimenez|Jimenez, Phil]]; Ordway, Jerry; [[Ivan Reis|Reis, Ivan]]|inker= [[Andy Lanning|Lanning, Andy]]; Ordway, Jerry; [[Art Thibert|Thibert, Art]]|story= Faith|title= Infinite Crisis|issue= 5|date= April 2006}}</ref>

====''JSA: Classified'' (2005–2008)====
{{Infobox comic book title
| 2ndary_box = y
| title = JSA: Classified
| image =
| imagesize = frameless{{!}}upright=0.90
| caption =
| schedule = Monthly
| format =
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| date = September 2005 – August 2008
| issues = 39
| main_char_team =
| writers = [[Geoff Johns]]
| artists = [[Amanda Conner]]
| pencillers = [[Jimmy Palmiotti]]
| inkers =
| colorists =
| creative_team_month =
| creative_team_year =
| creators = Harvey Richards<br />Stephen Wacker
}}
In September 2005, ''JSA''{{'}}s popularity led to a spinoff series, ''JSA: Classified'', which tells stories of the team at various points in its existence, as well as spotlighting specific members in solo stories. The first arc, written by [[Geoff Johns]] with art by [[Amanda Conner]], featured Power Girl's origin. The series was cancelled with issue #39 (August 2008).

===''One Year Later''===
After the events of DC's ''[[Infinite Crisis]]'' crossover and the [[World War III (DC Comics)|World War III]] event chronicled in ''[[52 (comics)|52]]'', JSA members Jay Garrick, Alan Scott, and Ted Grant decide to revive the Justice Society.

====''Justice Society of America'' vol. 3 (2006–2011)====
{{Infobox comic book title
| 2ndary_box = y
| title = Justice Society of America vol. 3
| image = 
| imagesize = frameless{{!}}upright=0.90
| caption = Variant incentive cover to<br />''Justice Society of America'' vol. 3 #1 (February 2007).<br />Art by [[Dale Eaglesham]].
| schedule = Monthly
| format =
| ongoing = y
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| date = February 2007 – October 2011
| issues = 54
| main_char_team =
| writers = {{Collapsible list|[[Geoff Johns]], [[Alex Ross]], [[Jerry Ordway]], [[Lilah Sturges]], [[Bill Willingham]], [[James Robinson (writer)|James Robinson]], [[Marc Guggenheim]]}}
| artists = Alex Ross
| pencillers = {{Collapsible list|[[Dale Eaglesham]], [[Fernando Pasarin]], [[Jerry Ordway]], [[Jesus Merino]], [[Mark Bagley]], [[Scott Kolins]], [[Tom Derenick]]}}
| inkers = {{Collapsible list|[[Art Thibert]], Ruy Jose, [[Fernando Pasarin]], Rodney Ramos, [[Bob Wiacek]], [[Nathan Massengill]]}}
| colorists = Jeromy Cox, Hi-Fi
| creative_team_month =
| creative_team_year =
| creators =
}}
On December 6, 2006, a new series was launched with the creative team of Geoff Johns (writer), Dale Eaglesham (pencils), and Alex Ross (cover art).<ref>Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 329: "Writer Geoff Johns and artist Dale Eaglesham relaunched the JSA, with Alex Ross providing covers for the series."</ref> The beginning of the new series showed JSA veterans the Flash, Green Lantern, and Wildcat choosing members of the new generation of superheroes to train. Continuing a major theme from the previous JSA title, this new series focused on the team being the caretakers of the superhero legacy from one generation to the next.

The crossovers between the JLA and JSA began again with "The Lightning Saga" (see below) in ''JLA'' vol. 4 #8–10 and ''JSA'' #5–6 and an epilogue in issue #7.

''Justice Society of America Annual'' #1 (September 2008) featured the Justice Society Infinity, a team continuing from an analogous post-''Crisis'' Earth-Two.  Most of the members of the Justice Society Infinity are original members of Earth-Two's Justice Society, such as the Atom and [[Robin (comics)|Robin]] ([[Dick Grayson]]), but the Society includes characters that are normally associated with Infinity, Inc., such as [[Jade (comics)|Jade]] and [[Nuklon]] ([[Albert Rothstein]]).

Johns' run as writer of ''Justice Society of America'' ended with issue #26. Following a two-issue story by [[Jerry Ordway]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/04/15/dc-showcases-new-jsa-artist|title= DC Showcases New ''JSA'' Artist|first= Richard|last= George|date= April 14, 2009|website= IGN|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130123203040/http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/04/15/dc-showcases-new-jsa-artist|archive-date= January 23, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bill Willingham]] and [[Lilah Sturges]] took over as writers with issue #29 in July 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=19602|title= Talking ''JSA'' With Willingham & Sturges|first= Jeffrey|last= Renaud|date= January 19, 2009 |website= [[Comic Book Resources]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231849/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=19602|archive-date= December 27, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.newsarama.com/1848-willingham-and-sturges-talk-justice-society-of-america.html|title= Willingham and Sturges Talk Justice Society of America|first= Vaneta|last= Rogers|date= December 26, 2008|work= Newsarama|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131227203708/http://www.newsarama.com/1848-willingham-and-sturges-talk-justice-society-of-america.html|archive-date= December 27, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Another JLA/JSA crossover was chronicled in ''Justice League of America'' #44–48 and ''Justice Society of America'' #41–42 under the ''[[Brightest Day]]'' banner.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=user_review&id=2395|title= Review: ''Justice League of America'' #46|first= Greg|last= McElhatton|date= July 2, 2010|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191819/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=user_review&id=2395|archive-date= January 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> James Robinson, the writer who co-wrote the 1999 ''JSA'' relaunch, took over as the book's writer for the crossover while [[Mark Bagley]] illustrated the entire event.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=26524|title= Daybreak: Robinson's ''JLA/JSA'' Crossover|first= Jeffrey|last= Renaud|date= June 3, 2010|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140102190903/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=26524|archive-date= January 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> After the crossover, Robinson wrote one final issue with artist [[Jesus Merino]], which dealt with the relationship between Green Lantern and his son [[Obsidian (comics)|Obsidian]].

Following the ''Brightest Day'' story arc, [[Marc Guggenheim]] became the new writer with issue #44, and [[Scott Kolins]] took over art duties from Merino.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=27176|title= Guggenheim Takes Charge of the JSA |first= Jeffrey|last= Renaud|date= July 14, 2010|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140102195854/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=27176|archive-date= January 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> During his first several issues, Guggenheim introduced a number of new characters to the team, such as [[Blue Devil (DC Comics)|Blue Devil]] and [[Manhunter (Kate Spencer)|Manhunter]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=29769|title= Guggenheim Builds a New ''Society''|first= Kevin|last= Mahadeo|date= December 10, 2010|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192008/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=29769|archive-date= January 2, 2014|url-status=live|access-date= April 11, 2011}}</ref> In issue #49, he expanded the JSA's roster by bringing back all of the JSA All-Stars except for [[Magog (comics)|Magog]], who had been killed in ''[[Justice League: Generation Lost]]'', and Power Girl, who had unofficially departed from the JSA during the same maxi-series, as well as the original [[Liberty Belle (comics)|Liberty Belle]]. In addition, Guggenheim introduced a new character named [[Red Beetle]] (a gadget-wielding heroine clad in a red variation of the Silver Age [[Blue Beetle (Ted Kord)|Blue Beetle]]'s costume), and brought in Ri and Darknight, two Chinese superheroes that he had created for his ''[[Batman Confidential]]'' run.

====''JSA All-Stars'' vol. 2 (2009–2011)====
{{Infobox comic book title
| 2ndary_box = y
| title = JSA All-Stars (vol. 2)
| image = 
| imagesize = frameless{{!}}upright=0.90
| caption = Cover to ''JSA All-Stars'' vol. 2 #1 (February 2010). Art by [[Freddie Williams II]].
| schedule = Monthly
| format =
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| date = February 2010 – July 2011
| issues = 18
| main_char_team =
| writers = [[Lilah Sturges]]
| artists = [[Freddie Williams II]]
| pencillers =
| inkers =
| colorists =
| creative_team_month =
| creative_team_year =
| creators = Lilah Sturges<br />Freddie Williams II
}}
An ongoing series titled ''JSA All-Stars'' debuted with a February 2010 cover date<ref>{{gcdb series|id= 39705|title= JSA All-Stars}}</ref> (distinct from ''JSA: All Stars'', a limited series published from July 2003 to February 2004).<ref>{{gcdb series|id= 10579|title= JSA: All Stars}}</ref> The series focused on a second team that formed after the JSA split. Calling themselves the "All-Stars", the group included more of the newer, younger members of the JSA. The roster consisted of: Magog, [[Damage (DC comics)|Damage]], Power Girl, Hourman, [[Albert Rothstein|Atom Smasher]], [[Sandy Hawkins|Sand]], [[Courtney Whitmore|Stargirl]], [[Cyclone (DC Comics)|Cyclone]], [[Tom Bronson|Wildcat]] (Ton Bronson), [[Commander Steel#Citizen Steel|Citizen Steel]], [[Judomaster#Sonia Sato|Judomaster]], [[King Chimera]], [[Anna Fortune]], and the A.I. Roxy, with Damage<ref>{{cite comic|writer= Johns, Geoff|penciller= Reis, Ivan|inker= Albert, Oclair; Prado, Joe|story= Power Levels: 100%|title= [[Blackest Night]]|issue= 4|date= December 2009}}</ref> and Magog<ref>{{cite comic|writer= [[Judd Winick|Winick, Judd]]|penciller= [[Joe Bennett (artist)|Bennett, Joe]]|inker= Jadson, Jack; José, Ruy|story= Part: 13: Old Soldiers|title= [[Justice League: Generation Lost]]|issue= 13|date= Early January 2011}}</ref> later being killed.

DC cancelled ''JSA All-Stars'' with issue #18 (July 2011) because of the events of ''[[Flashpoint (comics)|Flashpoint]]'', the DC 2011 summer event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/02/14/dc-confirms-cancellations/ |title=DC Confirms Cancellations… |first=Rich |last=Johnston |author-link=Rich Johnston |date=February 14, 2011 |publisher=Bleeding Cool |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193643/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/02/14/dc-confirms-cancellations/?+Rumors%29 |archive-date=January 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of the title's cancellation, writer Marc Guggenheim had all of the All-Stars except Power Girl and Magog rejoin the JSA in ''Justice Society of America'' #49.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.newsarama.com/7312-justice-society-gets-new-characters-more-humor-with-50.html|title= ''Justice Society'' Gets New Characters, More Humor with #50|first= Vaneta|last= Rogers|date= March 23, 2011|work= Newsarama|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140806232416/http://www.newsarama.com/7312-justice-society-gets-new-characters-more-humor-with-50.html|archive-date= August 6, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===DC Rebirth (2011–2017)===
In the ''[[DC Universe Rebirth]]'' one-shot, Johnny Thunder is in a nursing home. He is trying to escape, but Kid Flash Wally West appears to Johnny trying to establish a link to return from the Speed Force. Johnny admits he threw away the magic pen containing Thunderbolt. In ''The Flash Rebirth'' series, the interaction between Pre-''New 52'' Wally West and ''New 52'' Wally West triggers a disturbance in the Speed Force, which causes Barry to have a strange vision. In the vision, Barry sees Johnny Quick's Speed formula and Jay Garrick's Flash helmet.<ref>''Flash'' #9 (October 2016)</ref> Johnny Thunder is seen again during the ''[[The Button (comics)|Button]]'' crossover, where he is on a roof shouting for his Thunderbolt and that it is his fault they lost the Justice Society.<ref>''Flash'' #21 (April 2017)</ref> At the end of the crossover, it is revealed that the Pre-''New 52'' Jay Garrick was also stuck in the Speed Force, and Barry is able to momentarily free him. However, when Barry tries to secure him to the universe just as he did to Wally, Jay instead is transported back into the Speed Force in a blast of blue energy.<ref>''Flash'' #22 (May 2017)</ref>

In the ''[[Watchmen]]'' sequel ''[[Doomsday Clock (comics)|Doomsday Clock]]'', [[Doctor Manhattan]] recalls various events in which he indirectly killed [[Alan Scott]] and thus brought about changes in the timeline. On July 16, 1940, Alan Scott was riding on a train over a collapsing bridge, but he survived by grabbing onto a green lantern. He continues his life, eventually "sitting at a round table wearing a mask" and later testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee but refusing to implicate anyone in his employ. On July 16, 1940, again, Doctor Manhattan moves the lantern six inches out of Alan Scott's reach so that Scott dies in the train accident and leaves no family behind.<ref>''Doomsday Clock'' #7 (November 2018). DC Comics.</ref> At the Daily Planet, [[Lois Lane]] finds a flash-drive showing footage of various members of the Justice Society of America such as Alan Scott, Jay Garrick, Doctor Fate, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and Spectre. Lois did not know about the Justice Society until now.<ref>''Doomsday Clock'' #8 (December 2018). DC Comics.</ref> When Doctor Manhattan first arrived in the DC Universe, he witnesses the creation of the JSA and each of its founding members superhero personas. In one timeline (Golden Age/Earth-2), Doctor Manhattan watches as the JSA wait for the arrival of Superman to formally create their team. This then changes to a timeline (Post-Crisis/New Earth) where Superman was not a founding member and did not arrive until 1956. Curious about the importance of Superman and what would happen if time were to be changed and how it would affect him, Doctor Manhattan prevented Alan Scott from becoming Green Lantern. This in turn created the ''New 52'' Universe, and with it, the creation of the Justice Society of America was erased.<ref>''Doomsday Clock'' #10 (May 2019). DC Comics.</ref> When Doctor Manhattan undoes the experiment that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes, the Justice Society (consisting of Atom-Smasher, Cyclone, Damage, Doctor Fate, Doctor Mid-Nite II, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman II, Jade, Jakeem Thunder and Johnny Thunderbolt, Liberty Belle, Mister Terrific, Obsidian, Power Girl, Sandman II, Stargirl, S.T.R.I.P.E., Wildcat I, and Wildcat II) appears to help Superman fight the rampaging metahumans. Afterwards, the Justice Society investigates the Department of Metahuman Affairs which led to the arrest of those involved.<ref>''Doomsday Clock'' #12 (December 2019). DC Comics.</ref>

The Justice Society returns in the pages of ''[[Justice League]]''. The League splits up to retrieve fragments on the Totality from the past and future. Flash and Green Lantern are transported to 1941 to retrieve a fragment. They arrive in December 1941 to discover that the Legion of Doom has already travelled to the past and meddled in history, attacking and seemingly conquering the United States. They encounter the Justice Society, much to their surprise, as they are not aware of any superheroes active in the 1940s. However, they begin to develop an affinity for their Golden Age counterparts, and feel that there is an intricate shared history they cannot fully remember.<ref>''Justice League'' Vol. 4 #30-36. DC Comics.</ref>

In the fifth volume of ''Hawkman'' following the defeat of Anton Hastor, a deceased [[Hawkman (Carter Hall)|Hawkman]] and [[Shayera Hol|Hawkwoman]] are reborn as their Golden Age counterparts, reuniting with their old friends in the Justice Society.<ref>''Hawkman'' Vol. 5 #26-29. DC Comics.</ref>

===New Justice (2018–2021)===
In the pages of "[[Dark Nights: Death Metal]]", Justice Society members Green Lantern, Flash, Doctor Fate, and Wildcat were shown to be guarding the Valhalla Cemetery. The password to get in was "Ma Hunkel" where Green Lantern mentioned that she was the first guardian of the JSA's first headquarters.<ref>''Dark Nights: Death Metal'' #2. DC Comics.</ref> As Superman and his allies prepare for their final fight against both Perpetua and the [[The Batman Who Laughs|Darkest Knight]], Justice Society  members Damage, Green Lantern, and Flash were present. In addition, Batman used the Black Lantern ring to revive JSA members Atom, Hourman, Ma Hunkel, and Sandman.<ref>''Dark Nights: Death Metal'' #5. DC Comics.</ref> At the end of "[[Dark Nights: Death Metal]]", the Justice Society are shown fighting in World War II alongside the narrator of the series [[Sgt. Rock]]. It is explicitly noted that this is 1943 in the DC universe, indicating that they have been fully restored to the timeline.<ref>''Dark Nights: Death Metal'' #7. DC Comics.</ref>

===Infinite Frontier (2021–2023)===

{{see also|Infinite Frontier}}
{{Empty section|date=August 2023}}

===Dawn of DC (2023–2024)===
{{see also|Dawn of DC}}
In August 2022 it was announced that following the conclusion of ''[[Flashpoint Beyond]]'', a one shot entitled ''[[The New Golden Age]]'' would release in November that year, with heavy ties to the fourth volume of the Justice Society of America series, with [[Geoff Johns]] writing and Mikel Janín providing art. The central storyline also ties in to several limited series like ''Stargirl: The Lost Children'', ''Alan Scott: The Green Lantern'', ''Jay Garrick: The Flash'', and ''Wesley Dodds: The Sandman''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-18 |title=The New Golden Age from DC Starts This November |url=https://www.dc.com/blog/2022/08/18/the-new-golden-age-from-dc-starts-this-november |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=DC |language=en}}</ref>

The first five issues had the Justice Society encountering a [[Huntress (Helena Wayne)|Huntress]] from a possible future and fighting Per Degaton and his time clones. Per Degaton is defeated and Huntress' possible future is erased with Huntress remaining in the present.<ref>''Justice Society of America'' Vol. 4 #1-5. DC Comics.</ref>

===DC All In (2024–present)===
{{see also|DC All In}}
{{Infobox comic book title
| 2ndary_box = y
| title = JSA (vol. 2)
| image = 
| imagesize = 
| caption = 
| schedule =
| format =
| publisher = [[DC Comics]]
| date = November 2024 – Present
| issues = 1
| main_char_team =
| writers = [[Jeff Lemire]], [[David S. Goyer]]
| artists = Various
| pencillers = Diego Olortegui
| inkers =
| colorists = Luis Guerrero
| creative_team_month =
| creative_team_year =
| creators =
}}

==Membership==
{{main|List of Justice Society of America members}}

==Collected editions==
{{main|List of Justice Society titles}}

==Awards==
The Justice Society received a [[Alley Award#1965|1965 Alley Award]] in the category "Strip or Book Most Desired for Revival".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley65.php|title= 1965 Alley Awards|publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140710044601/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley65.php|archive-date= July 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Other versions==
===JSA: The Golden Age===
An alternate universe iteration of the Justice Society appear in ''[[The Golden Age (comics)|JSA: The Golden Age]]''.<ref>''Golden Age'' #1-4. DC Comics.</ref>

===Earth 2===
{{More citations needed section|date=September 2015}}
The Justice Society appears in ''[[Earth-Two|Earth-2]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Kushins |first=Josh |title=DC Comics in 2012–-Introducing the "Second Wave" of DC Comics The New 52 |work=The Source |publisher=DC Comics |date=January 12, 2012 |url=http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2012/01/12/dc-comics-in-2012-–-introducing-the-"second-wave"-of-dc-comics-the-new-52/ |access-date=January 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115002335/http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2012/01/12/dc-comics-in-2012-%E2%80%93-introducing-the-%E2%80%9Csecond-wave%E2%80%9D-of-dc-comics-the-new-52/ |archive-date=January 15, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsarama.com/comics/paul-levitz-worlds-finest-earth-2-120113.html |title=Paul Levitz Explains More About ''Worlds' Finest'', ''Earth 2'' |first=Vaneta |last=Rogers |date=January 13, 2012 |work=Newsarama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116093825/http://www.newsarama.com/comics/paul-levitz-worlds-finest-earth-2-120113.html |archive-date=January 16, 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=January 29, 2012 }}</ref> consisting of Jay Garrick / Flash, Alan Scott / Green Lantern,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://news.yahoo.com/green-lantern-relaunched-brave-mighty-gay-070052544.html|title= Green Lantern relaunched as brave, mighty and gay|first= Matt|last= Moore|date= June 1, 2012|publisher= [[Yahoo! News]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121116224606/http://news.yahoo.com/green-lantern-relaunched-brave-mighty-gay-070052544.html|archive-date=November 16, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hawkgirl (Kendra Saunders)|Kendra Saunders / Hawkgirl]], and the [[Atom (Al Pratt)|Al Pratt / Atom]].

===Earth-3===
The '''Justice Society All-Stars''', a group from [[Earth-Three|Earth-3]] who serve as heroic counterparts of the [[Injustice Society]], appears in ''Hawkman'' (vol. 5) #18, consisting of Lion-Miss (an amalgam of [[Cheetah (character)|Cheetah]] and [[Lion-Mane]]), the [[Gentleman Ghost#Earth-3|Pinkerton Ghost]], [[Matter Master#Other versions|Matter Mage]], and [[Shadow Thief#Earth-3|Shadow Sheriff]].<ref>''Hawkman'' Vol. 5 #18. DC Comics.</ref>

==In other media==
===Television===
====Animation====
* The ''[[Justice League (TV series)|Justice League]]'' two-part episode "Legends" pays homage to the Justice Society with the '''[[Justice Guild of America]]''' (JGA), a team of imaginary superheroes who exist in [[Multiverse (DC Comics)|another universe]] and consists of the Green Guardsman, the Streak, Black Siren, Catman, and Tom Turbine, who are all based on JSA members [[Alan Scott|Alan Scott / Green Lantern]], [[Jay Garrick|Jay Garrick / Flash]], [[Black Canary (Dinah Drake)|Dinah Drake / Black Canary]], [[Wildcat (Ted Grant)|Ted Grant / Wildcat]], and [[Atom (Al Pratt)|Al Pratt / Atom]] respectively. They fought crime until they were all killed in a nuclear war. Over the course of the following 40 years, a boy mutated by the radiation named Ray Thompson used his psionic powers to recreate the JGA as an illusion until the [[Justice League]] arrive in his universe and eventually inspire the JGA to sacrifice themselves to restore reality. According to the writers, the creative team originally intended to use the JSA for the episode, but DC Comics declined as their portrayal clashed with their comic counterparts' post-''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]'' portrayal.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2007/05/10/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-102/|title= Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #102|first= Brian|last= Cronin|date= May 10, 2007|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150418172921/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2007/05/10/comic-book-urban-legends-revealed-102/|archive-date= April 18, 2015|url-status=live|quote= DC Comics publisher Paul Levitz had some concerns with the story. He felt the story as written disrespected the JSA and was overall an inappropriate use of the characters.}}</ref>
* The Justice Society appear in ''[[Batman: The Brave and the Bold]]'', consisting of Jay Garrick / Flash, Ted Grant / Wildcat, [[Hourman (Rex Tyler)|Rex Tyler / Hourman]], [[Charles McNider|Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite]], [[Hawkman (Carter Hall)|Carter Hall / Hawkman]], Dinah Drake / Black Canary, [[Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson)|Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate]], the [[Spectre (DC Comics character)|Spectre]], [[Mister Terrific (Terry Sloane)|Terry Sloane / Mister Terrific]], Alan Scott / Green Lantern, [[Sandman (Wesley Dodds)|Wesley Dodds / Sandman]], and [[Starman (Ted Knight)|Ted Knight / Starman]]. This version of the group tutored [[Batman]] in his early days. Additionally, Drake was killed in action and asked Grant to look after her daughter [[Black Canary (Dinah Laurel Lance)|Dinah Laurel Lance]].
* The Justice Society of America (JSA) appear in ''[[Young Justice (TV series)|Young Justice]]''. According to the series' producers, most of the original JSA members are either dead or retired by the time the series takes place.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.newsarama.com/6277-nycc-2010-young-justce-video-presentation-q-a-live.html|title= NYCC 2010: ''Young Justice'' Video Presentation & Q&A Live!|first= David|last= Pepose|date= October 9, 2010|work= Newsarama|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140103000313/http://www.newsarama.com/6277-nycc-2010-young-justce-video-presentation-q-a-live.html|archive-date= January 3, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the team itself appears in a flashback sequence in the episode "Humanity", consisting of Alan Scott / Green Lantern, Jay Garrick / Flash, Wesley Dodds / Sandman, Ted Grant / Wildcat, Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, and [[Red Tornado]]. Additionally, [[Firebrand (DC Comics)|Firebrand]] was also a member for a short time before she was revealed to be an [[Android (robot)|android]] created by [[T. O. Morrow]] while [[Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett)|Dan Garrett / Blue Beetle]] appears as a member in the episode "Failsafe".

====Live-action====
* The Justice Society of America appear in the ''[[Smallville]]'' two-part episode "[[Absolute Justice]]", primarily consisting of Carter Hall / Hawkman, Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, and [[Courtney Whitmore|Courtney Whitmore / Stargirl]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/10/20/exclusive-two-of-smallvilles-justice-society|title= Exclusive: Two of ''Smallville's'' Justice Society|first= Eric|last= Goldman|date= October 19, 2009 |website= IGN|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140219171419/http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/10/20/exclusive-two-of-smallvilles-justice-society|archive-date= February 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, [[Sylvester Pemberton|Sylvester Pemberton / Star-Spangled Kid]], Wesley Dodds / Sandman, Ted Grant / Wildcat, Jay Garrick / Flash, Al Pratt / Atom, Alan Scott / Green Lantern, and Red Tornado appear briefly or in flashbacks while [[Shiera Sanders Hall|Shiera Hall / Hawkgirl]], Rex Tyler / Hourman, Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite, Terry Sloane / Mister Terrific, the Spectre, and Dinah Drake / Black Canary appear in a painted group portrait. Like their post-''Crisis'' incarnation, this version of the group is an earlier generation of superheroes who were forced to retire when the government tried to take control of them after determining their real identities before resurfacing in the present to mentor new superheroes.
* The Justice Society of America appear in ''[[Legends of Tomorrow]]'', led by Rex Tyler / Hourman and consisting of [[Commander Steel#Henry Heywood|Henry Heywood / Commander Steel]], [[Obsidian (character)|Todd Rice / Obsidian]], Courtney Whitmore / Stargirl, [[List of Legends of Tomorrow characters#Amaya Jiwe / Vixen|Amaya Jiwe / Vixen]], and Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite. This version of the group operated during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/legends-tomorrow-legion-doom-season-913953|title=Comic-Con: ''Legends of Tomorrow'' to Tackle Legion of Doom Villain Team In Season 2|work=The Hollywood Reporter|last=Bucksbaum|first=Sydney|date=July 23, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918184514/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/legends-tomorrow-legion-doom-season-913953 | archive-date=September 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://screenrant.com/legends-of-tomorrow-justice-society-year/|title=''Legends of Tomorrow's'' Justice Society Will Be Set in The 1940s|website=Screen Rant|last=Dyce|first=Andrew|date=July 30, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918184732/http://screenrant.com/legends-of-tomorrow-justice-society-year/ | archive-date=September 18, 2016}}</ref> In 1942, the JSA work with the time-traveling [[List of Legends of Tomorrow characters|Legends]] to stop a group of Nazis after they obtain a super-power granting serum from [[Eobard Thawne (Arrowverse)|Eobard Thawne]]. After his plan is foiled, Thawne kills Tyler, leading to Vixen joining the Legends to avenge his death. In 1956, the JSA became inactive when everyone but Obsidian were believed to have been killed during a covert mission. In reality, they recovered the [[Spear of Destiny]] with the help of [[Rip Hunter (Arrowverse)|Rip Hunter]], who then transported Stargirl, Steel, and Mid-Nite to differing points in time to guard fragments of the Spear and prevent its reassembly. However, the [[Legion of Doom]] brainwashes Hunter into joining them and recovering the fragments, killing Mid-Nite and Steel in the process.
* Two incarnations of the Justice Society of America appear in ''[[Stargirl (TV series)|Stargirl]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/cw-stargirl-series-trailer-justice-society-america-fate/|title = CW's Stargirl Show Trailer Reveals What Happened to the Justice Society of America|website = [[Screen Rant]]|date = January 16, 2020}}</ref>
** The original group was led by Sylvester Pemberton / Starman and consisted of Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite, Jay Garrick / Flash, Alan Scott / Green Lantern, Carter Hall / Hawkman, Shiera Hall / Hawkgirl, Rex Tyler / Hourman, [[Johnny Thunder]] and [[Thunderbolt (DC Comics)|Thunderbolt]], Wesley Dodds / Sandman, and Ted Grant / Wildcat. A decade prior, the JSA was attacked by the [[Injustice Society of America]] (ISA) while deciding how to address [[Eclipso]]'s Black Diamond. When [[Pat Dugan]] arrived, most of the team had been killed and he only had time to evacuate a fatally wounded Starman. Before he died, the latter told the former to find someone worthy of wielding the Cosmic Staff to keep the JSA's legacy alive.
** By the present day, Courtney Whitmore finds the Cosmic Staff, becomes Stargirl, and rebuilds the JSA with Pat as S.T.R.I.P.E. and her friends [[Wildcat (Yolanda Montez)|Yolanda Montez]], [[Beth Chapel]] and [[Hourman (Rick Tyler)|Rick Tyler]] as the new Wildcat, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Hourman respectively. At the end of the second season, Whitmore recruits [[Shiv (comics)|Cindy Burman]] into the JSA. Ten years later, as depicted in the series finale, the JSA's ranks have grown to include [[Jade (DC Comics)|Jennie-Lynn Hayden / Jade]], Todd Rice / Obsidian, Mike Dugan / S.T.R.I.P.E. 2.0, [[Jakeem Thunder]] and Thunderbolt, [[Cameron Mahkent|Cameron Mahkent / Icicle]], [[Artemis Crock]], [[Sandy Hawkins|Sandy Hawkins / Sand]], [[Damage (DC Comics)|Damage]], [[Solomon Grundy (character)|Solomon Grundy]], and [[Shade (character)|Richard Swift / Shade]]. Additionally, Whitmore and Burman went on to become Starwoman and Dragon Queen respectively.
*** Ahead of the series premiere, the founding members of Stargirl's JSA made a cameo appearance in "[[Crisis on Infinite Earths (Arrowverse)|Crisis on Infinite Earths]]" via archive footage.

===Film===
* The Justice Society of America appears in the opening credits of ''[[Justice League: The New Frontier]]'', consisting of [[Hourman (Rex Tyler)|Rex Tyler / Hourman]], [[Wildcat (Ted Grant)|Ted Grant / Wildcat]], [[Alan Scott|Alan Scott / Green Lantern]], [[Jay Garrick|Jay Garrick / Flash]], [[Black Canary (Dinah Drake)|Dinah Drake / Black Canary]], [[Hawkman (Carter Hall)|Carter Hall / Hawkman]], and [[Charles McNider|Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite]]. After Tyler is killed, the JSA retire, though Grant remained active as a professional boxer.
* The [[Earth-Two|Earth-2]] incarnation of the Justice Society of America appears in ''[[Justice Society: World War II]]'', led by [[Wonder Woman]] and consisting of Rex Tyler / Hourman, Dinah Drake / Black Canary, Carter Hall / Hawkman,  and Jay Garrick / Flash. This version of the group was active during their Earth's version of the titular war. 
* The Justice Society appears in ''[[Black Adam (film)|Black Adam]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://screenrant.com/black-adam-movie-jsa-justice-society-dceu|title=Black Adam Movie Will Introduce The Justice Society of America To The DCEU|last=Dyce|first=Andrew|work=Screen Rant|access-date=November 23, 2019|date=November 23, 2019}}</ref> led by Carter Hall / Hawkman and consisting of [[Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson)|Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate]], [[Cyclone (DC Comics)|Maxine Hunkel / Cyclone]], and [[Atom Smasher (DC Comics)|Albert Rothstein / Atom Smasher]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/justice-society-of-america-black-adam-hawkman-cyclone-1234744998/|title='Black Adam' Will Introduce the Justice Society of America: Hawkman, Doctor Fate and More |work=Variety|last=Earl|first=William|date=August 22, 2020}}</ref> Originally, [[Shayera Hol| Shayera Hol / Hawkgirl]] and Courtney Whitmore / Stargirl were going to appear as members as well, but were cut in favor of Cyclone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.murphysmultiverse.com/dwayne-johnsons-black-adam-confirmed-to-introduce-hawkgirl/|title=Dwayne Johnson's 'BLACK ADAM' Confirmed to Introduce Hawkgirl|date=23 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heroichollywood.com/dwayne-johnson-black-adam-hawkgirl/|title=Dwayne Johnson's 'Black Adam' Reportedly Features Hawkgirl|date=23 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1297629306290487296|user=TheRock|title=@boybenzedrine @SevenBucksProd Hawk...|date=23 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1580224945178570753|user=TheComixKid|title=TheComixKid|date=October 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thedirect.com/article/arrowverse-dc-black-adam-stargirl|title=DC's Arrowverse Reportedly Prevented Black Adam Movie From Including Major Hero|date=October 13, 2022}}</ref> This version of the group are associates of [[Amanda Waller (DC Extended Universe)|Amanda Waller]].
* In addition to ''Black Adam'', a Justice Society film was reported to be in development by [[Warner Bros.]] as of May 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theilluminerdi.com/2020/05/21/jsa-wb-spin-off-film/|title=WB Considering JSA Spin-Off Film Based On Black Adam's Reception: Exclusive|last=Shanklin|first=Corbin|work=The Illuminerdi|access-date=May 24, 2020|date=May 21, 2020}}</ref>
* The Earth-2 incarnation of the Justice Society of America appears in ''[[Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths]]'', consisting of Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite, Rex Tyler / Hourman, [[Jade (DC Comics)|Jennie-Lynn Hayden / Jade]], [[Obsidian (character)|Todd Rice / Obsidian]], [[Starman (Ted Knight)|Ted Knight / Starman]], Ted Grant / Wildcat, and Dinah Drake / Black Canary.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|first= Roy|last= Thomas|title= All-Star Companion Vol. 1|publisher= [[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|date= December 2000|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|isbn= 978-1-893905-05-4}}
* {{cite book|first= Roy|last= Thomas|title= All-Star Companion Vol. 2|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|date= November 2006|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|isbn= 978-1-893905-37-5}}
* {{cite book|first= Roy|last= Thomas|title= All-Star Companion Vol. 3|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|date= October 2007|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|isbn= 978-1-893905-80-1}}
* {{cite book|first= Roy|last= Thomas|title= All-Star Companion Vol. 4|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|date= July 2009|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|isbn= 978-1-60549-004-5}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cosmicteams.com/jsa/index.html Cosmic Teams: JSA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119204359/http://www.cosmicteams.com/jsa/index.html |date=January 19, 2021 }}
* [http://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Justice_Society_of_America DC Comics Database: Justice Society of America]
* [http://www.comicsarchives.org/JSAHOME.html Fact File: The Justice Society of America of Earth-2: 1940–2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802190942/http://www.comicsarchives.org/JSAHOME.html |date=August 2, 2020 }}
* [http://darkmark6.tripod.com/justice_society_index.html Index of the Pre-Crisis Earth-Two adventures of the JSA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151224105215/http://www.mikesamazingworld.com/features/chronology.php?page=chronology&universe=Earth-2&characterid=54 Pre-Crisis Earth-2 JSA index] at Mike's Amazing World of DC Comics

{{Justice Society of America|state=expanded}}
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[[Category:Justice Society of America| ]]
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